Kostroma: labantu, Ukwakheka yobuhlanga

Ancient isiphetho Russian loMfula i-iVolga, emzini Kostroma, labantu, inani abahlali kuyoba ekubuyekezweni e kuvele isihloko ephephandabeni ngekhulu le-12. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka idolobha sasikhula, ushintsha, ivela, futhi konke lokhu kwabonakala ukubunjwa bakhona kanye nobungako. Namuhla Kostroma uyilungu leqembu zasemizaneni naphakathi eRussia. Idolobhana sinezici ekhethekile ezithinta izakhamuzi zakhona.

Isikhundla ezindawo ka Kostroma

Ngezinye km 300 kusukela eMoscow kuze kube-mpumalanga, ku iVolga, kuyinto itheku elikhulu - Kostroma. Idolobhana isendaweni indawo emlonyeni endala emfuleni igama elifanayo. Kostroma amanga kokubili loMfula Gorky Reservoir ezavela nekhulu lama-20 futhi ingxenye Ugcwalise zensimu ebibizwa (izimfunda isb. E. Water) Kostroma bay. Phakathi edolobheni siphela ukusakaza eziningana nemifula ezincane, okuyinto ebiyelwe tube, ngakho njengoba hhayi abaphazamisa izakhamizi.

Lesi sivumelwano sise Kostroma emathafeni futhi unakho yini okwanele bushelelezi ukhululekile ukuphila kwezwe. Le ndawo ingqikithi ezindaweni ezisemadolobheni kuyinto 144,4 amakhilomitha square. Eliseduze emadolobheni amakhulu ibanga: ukuze Yaroslavl - 65 km, ukuze Ivanovo - 105 km.

Zinjani labantu? Kostroma lukhula ngenxa ukumuncwa kancane kancane edolobheni nemizana eseduze. Agglomeration Kostroma kancane, kodwa yanyuka.

Hlola umlando

Izwe lapho namuhla Kostroma, baqala ukuhlala esikhathini Neolithic (5-3 yeminyaka BC. E.). Abamele ngokuchibiyela futhi Volosovsky amasiko ophilayo lapha, wanika amagama emifuleni eyinhloko nasemachibini amaningi. Kukholakala ukuthi labantu lokuqala unomphela endaweni kwakungekaNkulunkulu izizwe Finno-Ugric. Nokho, ukuhlaziya zomlando lwamagama indawo wasekhaya akusebenti njalo waqinisekisa kule nguqulo. Okokuqala, inani labantu laliphakathi e iningi isikhathi, awusebenzi ukwakha, amadolobha amakhulu unomphela. Kuqinisekisiwe usuku owasungula le ndawo esizeni Kostroma kubhekwa 1152. Isazi-mlando V N. Tatischev wacwaninga impilo Prince Yuriya Dolgorukogo, futhi wafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi ngesikhathi confluence eVolga futhi Kostroma Rivers kwaba isiphetho, eyasungulwa. Imivubukulo iyakuqinisekisa ukuthi indawo edolobheni kukhona amasiko eziningana komlando, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu ezithile ongaziwa sabantu ushiye endaweni. Ngakho, inguqulo ka-ekusungulweni edolobheni Yuri Dolgoruky ubukeka ngempela abonakala engasebenza ngempumelelo.

Ekhulwini le-12, uTheodore isinyathelo isonto endala Kostroma. Futhi, kukhona ulwazi ukusebenza zezindela ezintathu zasendulo. Isibalo Kostroma labantu yayinkulu ngokwanele ukuba isikhathi. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-14 wonke umuzi unala Yaroslav Vsevolodovich nenzalo yakhe. Ngo 1364 Kostroma baba ingxenye ubukhulu eMoscow, kusukela ngalesi sikhathi liqala ukuthuthukiswa esitebeleni lamalokishi kanye nokwanda kwenani lezakhamuzi zakhona. Ngo 1709 edolobheni wathola isimo esifundazweni, okuholela ukunwetshwa insimu yalo. Ngo-1781 th iNdlovukazi uCatherine II usayine jikelele zokwakha kabusha uhlelo zokuhlala. Indawo ayeyibheka nokuqedwa izakhiwo eziningi ukuzivikela futhi ukudalwa zomphakathi kanye omakhelwane.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18, idolobha basungula umkhakha, lokhu kuholela kwatheleka enkulu yomphakathi. Eyesibili esiyindilinga ukuthuthela Kostroma engxenyeni 19 yesibili - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Lapho izinga ngcono kakhulu zokuphila, kukhona imisebenzi emisha. I kwetimboni nenkathi yamaSoviet, uye futhi kwaholela nokwanda kwenani labantu.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II lapha ke waxoshelwa izikhungo eziningi zokwelapha, izimboni, ezemfundo. Kusukela 50s ukuthuthukisa ezomnotho iqala edolobheni, futhi lokhu kuholela Dynamics omuhle izakhamuzi eziningi.

Phakathi yokwakha kabusha Kostroma ngezinga elincane kunamanye emiphakathini eminingi, kubhekene ukwehla ukubalwa kwabantu, nakuba ngokuqinisekile kwaba. Lokhu kungenxa kulondolozwe ezingaba emnothweni wedolobha. Namuhla Kostroma ucala kutfutfukisa izindawo omusha engase ngiwutholile for labantu, okuyinto kunomphumela omuhle nobuhlanga.

Isimo sezulu

Kostroma kungokwalabo indawo ye ngokulinganisela sezulu yezwekazi. Lapha-ke esiyitholayo ithonya efudumele-Atlantic Ocean, onikeza abanye ebusika umsungulo. Ngokomlando, labantu kulo muzi (kuhlanganise Kostroma) kuncike induduzo sezulu. Ngakho, ngo-emaphethelweni nokhahlo phambi kwabantu selilos abangaphansi kuka-e efudumele. Isilinganiso lokushisa lonyaka emzini kuyinto 4.2 degrees.

Izinkathi zonyaka e Kostroma, kanye kulo eRussia emaphakathi, abanye embondelene in ikhalenda zakudala. Summer iqala ngasekupheleni May futhi iphela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti. Isilinganiso lokushisa ehlobo - 22 degrees, Le nyanga yaziwa ngokushisa futhi driest - Julayi. amazinga okubanda ebusika agcinwa ku mayelana isilinganiso -10 ° C. Kodwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ngenkathi kungaba yesithwathwa zazinzima kakhulu, ngisho kuze kube degrees 30.

Administrative-indawo division nesibalo sabantu ukusatshalaliswa

Namuhla Kostroma - iyisikhungo ezinkulu lesifunda. Ngokusemthethweni, edolobheni abelwe amayunithi ezintathu ezinkulu indawo: Central, Zavolzhsky nezindawo zezimboni. Kwalona nje igama elithi kungabonwa imininingwane ingxenye ngayinye.

Kostroma, labantu okuyinto izindawo kakhulu ezahlukene, has a endaweni eyehlukile nge high ukwanda kwabantu futhi inani elikhulu nedlelo ukuthi akuzona ngokusemthethweni ingxenye imikhawulo edolobheni. Lezi zihlanganisa edolobhaneni Pervomaisky, New, WezabaSebenzi, Rebrovka, Karavaevo, Karimov nabanye. Futhi emzini, inani elikhulu izifunda, inani okuyinto njalo ezikhulayo ngenxa izakhiwo ezintsha.

Eyesibili eliphakeme labantu kwabantu endaweni - Zavolzhye. Ngo ifektri futhi emadolobheni asemaphethelweni kwabantu incane, kodwa indawo izingxenye ezithile zedolobha sikhulela njalo.

ingqalasizinda Kostroma

ukuphila induduzo ezingeni emzini kuyisici esibalulekile ukuze ukukhanga umphakathi futhi abasebenzi. nengqalasizinda yomphakathi, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu, kuhlanganise nekambiso yeenthuthi. Kostroma, inani lezakhamuzi (labantu) okuyinto kancane kancane, kuhlanganise ngenxa ukumuncwa nemizana suburban linezinkinga traffic sobala. Ukuthi yizinto ezihlobene yokuthi abakhileyo Factories futhi Zavolzhsky izindawo ngokuvamile umsebenzi kanye nezinsizakalo ehlukahlukene bayahamba enkabeni yedolobha. Futhi lo mfula ubizwa yayithathe ngu amabhuloho ezintathu kuphela, ngakho phakathi kwamahora isiqongo kwezinye zalezi zindawo, isibonelo, Malyshkova, kusale kunzima.

Umuzi ezokuthutha zomphakathi amabhasi, trolley amabhasi, minibuses. Nokho, ezindaweni ezikude zixhumene ne maphakathi ikakhulukazi minibuses, umthamo kabani umgibeli uphansi. Centre enikeziwe kahle injongo komphakathi amabhizinisi, zikhona izitolo eziningi, amathilomu, iminyuziyamu kanye nezikhungo zamasiko. Of lonke idolobha elisha kuphela endaweni Umuzi ngiziqhayise ingqalasizinda evuthiwe, abakhileyo kwezinye izingxenye zedolobha ngokuvamile kufanele aye esikhungweni ukuthola amasevisi. Konke lokhu kuthinta ukukhanga endaweni Kostroma abantu phezu kwabantu labantu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene kuleli dolobha.

usayizi Population kanye kwabantu

zokuqapha njalo Dynamics isibalo abahlali Kostroma kwaqala ngo 1811. Khona-ke, ezweni elinabantu abantu abayizinkulungwane 10. Kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-19 lekusimama inani abakhileyo Awazange anqikaze lafinyelela abantu ayizinkulungwane 4 iminyaka eminingi. Kodwa kusukela ngo-1856 inani Kostroma lakhula kuphela. Kwaze kwaba 2000, lapho Dynamics ezimbi zabantu eziyinkulungwane yaqale eqoshiwe.

Ngisho phakathi neminyaka yizimpi nokuvukela Kostroma wahlala emzini ehehayo ukuhlala e. Kuze 2011, kwathiwa encishisiwe nge-avareji ka-abakhileyo eziyinkulungwane. Kodwa kancane kancane wabe esebuyela kwi-plus isikhulumi. Namuhla, inani labantu Kostroma abantu mayelana 276.700. Kukhula Kule minyaka embalwa edlule kuze kube izinkulungwane zabantu 3.. ngonyaka. Isilinganiso ukwanda kwabantu emzini abantu 1900 square kilometre. Likhulu ngokuphindwe kabili ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso ku Kostroma esifundeni.

Ukwakheka yohlanga ulimi

Iningi kwabakhileyo Kostroma - Russian, mayelana 93%. I ngobukhulu isizwe - Ukraine (0.88%). Okunye bezizwe ethulwa eziningi ezincane: Tatar - 0.35%, Armenia - 0,26%, Roma - 0.24%.

Eminyakeni yamuva, Kostroma, inani labantu is kancane kancane ezikhulayo, ibhekene mkhuba lonke anda ngenani ababaleki, ikakhulukazi e-Ukraine, kodwa okuqondene nezwe inflow Central Asians kungukuthi wazizwa.

kwamangqamuzana ngokocansi sabantu

Kostroma, labantu, inani lamadoda nabesifazane abangabafundi abakhuthele isihloko okukhulu kokuhlolisisa zezenhlalo, angena jikelele mkhuba Russian of ocansini isilinganiso. Ngokwesilinganiso, inani lamadoda lingaphansi kuka abesifazane ngo-20%. Ngoba wonke amadoda ayizinkulungwane kukhona abesifazane 1204. Kanye kulo lonke leli zwe, inani abafana ngesikhathi sokuzalwa kancane ubusa ngaphezu inani lamantombazane. Futhi ubudala, lokhu isilinganiso kuyahlukahluka, afinyelele ebudaleni esiphezulu amanani.

Ubudala kwamangqamuzana sabantu

Isilinganiso bempilo Russia is kancane kancane, futhi lokhu kuthambekela igcina Kostroma. Inani labantu ngale umhlalaphansi kwanda. Isibalo izakhamizi ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-ukusebenza imayelana 15%, futhi leli nani kancane kancane. Isibalo izakhamizi engaphezu kwengama yempesheni 24%. Inani labantu abaseminyakeni yokusebenza - 61%.

emininingwaneni yabantu

Ukuhlonza izinga lokuphila esifundeni ngokuvamile kulinganiselwa izinkomba ezifana nokuzalwa nokufa amazinga. Labantu elikhulayo Kostroma eminyakeni yamuva ongakaphathelani okhulayo lokuzalwa izinga futhi ukuthuthela. Kusukela 2013, izinga lokuzalwa emzini kuyehla mayelana 0.2 umuntu ngamunye abakhileyo ayizinkulungwane. Nokufa kuyehla abantu mayelana 0.4 per 1 ayizinkulungwane. Cel. Okusanda kuhlelwe ukugeleza uyeza ukwehla.

izici lokubala ubuningi babantu

Ukubalwa izici lokubala ubuningi babantu ivumela ukubikezela ukuthuthukiswa koMnotho esifundeni. Kostroma, ogama labantu eminyakeni yamuva kancane kwandisa, libhekisela "ukuguga" komuzi.

Ubude bempilo liyakhula, ukufa liyancipha, amazinga nenzalo amathonsi amancane nezokuhlalisana kwabantu bathi kungenzeka Dynamics enkulu nakakhulu engakhi le nkomba eminyakeni ezayo. Konke imikhondo ngenhla yokuthi isilinganiso ukuncika liyakhuphuka. Namuhla, wonke umhlali anamandla Kostroma kufanele ahlinzeke indawo kodwa mina omunye umuntu 0.4. Futhi esikhathini eside, lokhu umthwalo kuyokhula. Iphinde ngcono isici umthwalo impesheni, kusukela isibalo sabantu phezu umhlalaphansi unyaka ngamunye kuzokhulisa kuphela. Konke lokhu kufaka nobunzima ezithile zezomnotho nezenhlalo.

umnotho Kostroma

I nangohlobo lwezinto labantu kakhulu kakhulu ukuthonywa yizinkomba zezomnotho. Uma abantu babe engenayo ezinzile futhi isiqinisekiso sesikhathi esizayo, cishe ziyothambekela kakhudlwana ukuba azale izingane. Uma bahlala ngobuningi, kungcono udle, uthole ekwelashweni okungcono futhi baphila isikhathi eside.

Kostroma, labantu okuyinto kancane kancane ikhula, usetha ngokwayo ngaphandle emadolobheni amaningi Russia inqwaba izimboni esitebeleni. Lapha usebenze izimboni ukwenziwa izingxenye yezimoto, umoya omncane, kwagezi, Ukushisa, commercial, umshini ifriji. Lo muzi ubizwa athuthukiswe kahle okulungisa ukudla, izimboni, amapulazi akhiqiza yendwangu umkhakha. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-elikhula ngokushesha imboni yezokuvakasha, sibi - inkonzo. umnotho womuzi nobunzima ne-investimenti, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezibalulekile emphakathini of kwezempilo, ezemfundo kanye namasiko.

umsebenzi

Ukuba umsebenzi ibaluleke kakhulu Ukucwaninga zakule ndawo. Kostroma, inani labantu (inombolo izakhamuzi) okwandisa kantsi umnotfo ukusebenza ezinzile, sehlukile inzuzo kusukela emadolobheni amaningi Russian e abangasebenzi ongaphakeme. Kuyinto% 0.8 kuphela. Basebenze edolobheni ngokwanele. Nokho, kunenkinga nge ukuqashwa kwabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe. izikhungo umsebenzi ikakhulukazi ukunikeza imisebenzi izisebenzi, kodwa abantu imfundo ephakeme, ikakhulukazi ngabantu besifazane abaneminyaka engaphezu kweminyaka eyi-30, kunzima ukuthola imisebenzi emkhakheni wabo.