Artur Klark: LweziNcwadi lwamabhuku isilinganiso

Arthur Clarke usebenza ezizukulwane eziningana hhayi abafundi kuphela, kodwa futhi ababhali ababhala uhlobo yesayensi. imisebenzi yakhe mikhulu kangakanani uhlobo-ukuqagela kulabo noma eminye imicimbi noma ubuchwepheshe.

Ngokwesibonelo, u-Artur Klark kusengaphambili ukudalwa radar uzingela izinto flying, flying nenyanga, iziphuphutheki unomphela Umhlaba orbit, ukudalwa computer, i-Internet kanye nokunye okuningi.

Biography omlobi

Phakathi nesikhathi eside le ndoda omkhulu zangishiya yakhe ngokungagcini nje ezincwadini, kodwa futhi emkhakheni wezesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Artur Klark, ogama biography uqalile 16.12.1917, esifundeni Somerset eNgilandi, lapho wazalwa Minehead, yaphela 19.03.2008 iminyaka eSri Lanka.

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, he was fike of Onjiniyela navigation systems indiza uma isimo sezulu sisibi, futhi inoveli yakhe yokuqala, yayizimisele sikhathi.

Ngemva kwempi, u-Artur Klark, ngokuba elisezingeni-Royal Air Force uLieutenant, iziqu honours kusukela YeNkosi College London, lunye "Physics and Mathematics".

Emuva ngo-1945, njengoba ilungu British interplanetary Society, umbhali ukusikisela umqondo ukudala uhlelo esinobunye iziteshi isikhala emzileni iplanethi ukwakha ezokuxhumana zohlelo jikelele. Waze wabhalela ngakho izihloko eziningana zesayensi kanye ethandwa futhi izincwadi ukuthi ngokuningiliziwe izici lobuchwepheshe wale phrojekthi.

Uma sidalwe orbit geostationary ka 36.000 km ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, yena waklonyeliswa igama Artura Klarka kuqashelwa ngeqhaza lakhe kule mpumelelo.

Kusukela ngo-1956 kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, u-Artur Klark wahlala eSri Lanka, lapho amukelwa khona amaphepha okuba yisakhamuzi, futhi lapho kwakulotshwe khona ingxenye enkulu yesayensi wakhe nowe letingemaciniso kanye amanoveli. umsebenzi wakamuva Clarke ngenxa yokugula kwakhe zadalwa ngokubambisana nezinye abalobi, okubenza babe engengaphansi ezithakazelisayo kuka imisebenzi yakhe ezimele.

inkathi yokudala zeminyaka 1951-1961

Esikhathini kusuka 1951 kuya ku-1961, u-Artur Klark, a lwezincwadi okuhlanganisa 22 inoveli ngazinye, 3 nowe futhi 4 lithathelwe ezincwadini zakhe ezingu imisebenzi ezamenza labadvumile emhlabeni abalandeli ebhaliwe yesayensi.

Le noveli "Prelude esikhaleni" (1951) kwaba kuzalwa we ukuqalisa isathelayithi lokuqala nabantu emkhathini. Ngendlela Umlobi ulimi wakhe isici elula kufinyeleleke isitshela indaba lezi elaziwayo elincane wanika abantu besikhathi sakhe izinto njengoba imishini yezobuchwepheshe mkhathi futhi izimiso izindiza zayo.

Ngesikhathi inhliziyo sencwadi ethi kuyinto oqanjiwe indaba "Prometheus" emkhunjini, ogama umsebenzi kwaba ukubalekela inyanga. Lo msebenzi bekulokhu ukukhuthazwa indiza emkhathini. I isathelayithi lokuqala, umkhankaso eSoviet Union, wakwazi ukunqoba amandla adonsela phansi kuphela ngo-1957, kanye kokwehla "Apollo" enyangeni senzeka ngo 1969. Le noveli "Prelude esikhaleni" kungaba kubhekwe omunye izibikezelo, okuyinto abadumile Artur Klark.

Kushicilelwe ngonyaka ofanayo noveli "The Sands Mars" inikeza abafundi nethemba hhayi kuphela ukuya emkhathini, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwamanye amaplanethi.

Kakhulu ezingalindelekile inoveli okuqukethwe kwalesi sikhathi kubhekwe umsebenzi lokuqala olukhulu "Ukuphela Childhood sika" Clark sika (1953), lapho inwebeka ukwazi abafundi umqondo ukuthi abantu engasekho yedwa yonke enkulukazi.

"Moondust" (1961) akuyona kuphela omunye amanoveli umhlabeleli kwesikhathi umbhali wokudala, kodwa abaqokiwe "UHugo." Umsebenzi uchaza isiphetho kwenyanga izinsongo ukuthi inganika abantu satellite eMhlabeni.

Umjikelezo "Space Odyssey 2001"

Lapho u-Artur Klark (isithombe ngumlobi umsebenzi) wabhala inoveli yakhe "Space Odyssey 2001" ngo-1968, ekhulwini lama-21 kwabonakala ngendlela engafinyeleleki ezikude.

Kodwa namuhla, umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi inoveli mayelana ukuhlolwa kule mbulunga enguMhlaba seminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-3 ubude, namanje efanele.

The mpikiswano mayelana nemvelaphi yokuphila emhlabeni akuvimbi, amazwi athi "ingqondo cosmic" wawumisa waqina ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, futhi travel interplanetary - kuyindaba nje isikhathi.

Njengenjwayelo, Clark Kulindeleke imibono eminingi yesizukulwane sakhe futhi uzwakalise imibuzo ososayensi emhlabeni wonke manje ngifuna izimpendulo. Umjikelezo, olwaqala ngo-1968, saphela ngo-1997. Kuhlanganisa 4 inoveli, anikezelwe ukuhamba Earthlings search for intelligence ezisemkhathini.

Ngokusho lokhu umsebenzi Stenli Kubrik iqondiswe ifilimu, egcwele zakudala ehlelo elithile evulela uhlobo. Ngenxa ithalenta umqondisi British nemiphumela ezikhethekile ezisetshenziswa emsebenzini wokukhiqiza ifilimu, esondweni ifilimu, ngisho engu wedijithali ubheka esisodwa nokuningi waqonda njengoba umlando obubhalwe indiza womuntu ukuze Jupiter nokuphikiswa "ukuvukela" ikhompyutha biko.

"Uzimele" Umjikelezo

"Rama" umjikelezo sidalwe engaphezu kwengu-20 (1973-1993), futhi inoveli "Rendezvous nge Rama" is ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto obaluleke kakhulu ngalokho ukubhala ekuphileni kwakhe u-Artur Klark. Isilinganiselwa umbhali wezincwadi njalo kuhlanganisa lo msebenzi. Waletha umbhali Nebula Award, le Hugo kanye nayo iBritish Science Fiction Association.

Uzungu indaba yokudalwa kwendawo Space Patrol, ngubani "kwabathakathi 'ngoba asteroyidi kusongela ukuphila eMhlabeni. into itholiwe phakathi asteroyidi, eyayintula njalo cylindrical ukuma ukuqondisa Yiqiniso elangeni.

Ukwenza i lokubikezela ezingajwayelekile umkhumbi, abantu kutholakala lapho izimo ezifanele ukusinda kwabantu, ngisho nezakhamuzi zolwandle izimila wachichima. Njengoba siqhubekela Sun, umkhumbi "vuka" amarobhothi ukuze silondoloze konke ayeziphilisa ngakho.

The main theme noveli - ukuthi isintu ilungele umhlangano ehlakaniphe ezisemkhathini noma ukwesaba, ukuba nolaka ukungasiqondi imithetho yonke izohamba abantu ngaphakathi ohlelweni lwabo welanga.

Umjikelezo "Odyssey kwesikhathi"

Ecwebezelayo kakhulu umjikelezo inoveli - "The Storm on the Sun" (2005) - co-ezibhaliwe noStefanu uBaxter. Lena inhlekelele inoveli, okuyinto lisitshela nenhlekelele kungenzeka nokubhujiswa Imininingwane Zomhlaba ngenxa esingakubiza ngokuthi iziphepho ezinzima elangeni.

Mayelana-ke axwayisa wabuya ukusuka kundiza zesifazane astronaut Bayseza Dutt. Kwase kuphele ezweni lapho kungekho ukwabelana kwesikhathi, futhi lapho amalungelo lezibulo, abafuna ukubhubhisa Earthlings kanye iplanethi yabo.

Engalibaleki indaba kwenza abafundi ukhathazeke ngekusasa lwesintu, engivusa ngayo, njengasencwadini kuvamisile, umuntfu kweyeme etinyatselweni letitsatfwa noma ukweqiwa ngabanye.

Isebenza 70-80s

Naphezu isifo sabo (uvendle kutholakala le-yalolucwaningo 60), i-Clark uyaqhubeka ukubhala ngenkuthalo futhi sithokozise abafundi ngamakhono abo.

Phakathi imisebenzi kulesi sikhathi:

• "Dolphin Isiqhingi" - noveli Sizokwenza nezokusigcoba ngesikhathi umqondo "ukuba nengqondo" ngemvelaphi amahlengethwa kanye nokwenzeka ukuxhumana nomuntu.
• "I Izingoma Earth Ezikude" anikezelwe esintwini oshonile, elabhujiswa ngo-ilanga. Ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi ngakho ngaphambili, ekujuleni isikhala beyofuna imbeleko efanelekayo a lwesintu entsha ithunyelwe ku amasampula umkhumbi we yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene planethi kanye imibungu zabantu. Planet Thalassa safinyelela ku izilinganiso ikoloni ikusasa Earthlings, futhi amarobhothi ukwenza wonke umsebenzi Ukuthutha kwakhe.
• Incwadi "Cradle ukuzungeza" kuhlanganisa amanoveli kanye letimfisha Artura Klarka eminyakeni ezahlukene.

Ngendlela yakhe evamile omuhle Artur Klark, ukubuyekezwa yencwadi lapho izilaleli njalo kuphela nomdlandla kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe efana ngentambo ebomvu ithwala isihloko ngokuthi isintu ukuba tihlale ngesitfunti futsi ukunqoba yonke.

Imisebenzi 90

Ecwebezelayo kakhulu nezokugcina ekudalweni esizimele Artura Klarka inoveli waba inhlekelele "Hammer leNkosi", ebhalwe ngo-1993.

isifo umbhali wathuthuka, waqala ukuthutha ngesihlalo sabakhubazekile, kodwa umsebenzi asebenzayo njengoba nesazi yomphakathi, akuzange kubavimbe.

Le noveli Sizokwenza langempela sihloko ukuphela kwezwe, okuyinto evame kakhulu abezindaba yaleyo minyaka kwakuhambisana nezinga kokuwa elisemkhathini Earth.

umbhali Merit

"Inombolo yesayensi 1" - yigama Artura Klarka kuze kube manje. Imisebenzi yakhe ziye selikhishiwe kubo ukudubula amafilimu, futhi umlobi kwakungomunye hhayi kuphela winner ohlonishwa imiklomelo, kodwa waba knighted yiNdlovukazi uQueen Elizabeth II.