Izimbongi of circle Pushkin sika: amagama, umsebenzi

1810-1830-yalolucwaningo. kubhekwe i-Golden Age zezinkondlo Russian, okuyinto eye eside impumelelo kwezobuciko zangenkathi romantic. Le nkathi kungenziwa ngokuthi ngokuphepha kuqale ukuvuthwa okudala izincwadi kazwelonke. Oqavile yenqubo asankondlo eyesithathu 1st kwekhulu le-19 kwaba Pushkin. Eyokuqala engamashumi amathathu njalo sibizwa ngokuthi Pushkin inkathi. Duzane imbongi babeqoqana abalobi abaningi, kuyilapho abanye wasala ngemisebenzi yabo buviyoviyo lokubhala, kuyilapho abanye balingisa Aleksandru Sergeevichu futhi zakha okuthiwa umbuthano Pushkin sika yezimbongi.

Ukusebenza kwe-ubuciko obulotshiwe

Ezinye esisemthethweni inhlangano izimbongi akazange okushodayo ekudleni ngaleso sikhathi. Izimbongi of circle Pushkin sika, uhlu okubandakanya amagama ezifana Vyazemsky Baratynsky, ulimi, Delvig babe ehlukile futhi ngabanye, ngezwi yaso ehlukile. Ababona, ngandlela-thile, emsebenzini wakhe wacasulwa izinkondlo Pushkin, kodwa ungathathi maqondana ke sesimweni ongaphansi, ngezinye izikhathi babephikisana futhi ukuthi awavumelani nokubekelwa kuye, futhi ngezinye izikhathi, waqhathanisa kokwakhe ukuqonda izinkinga kanye nesimo izinkondlo. Isikhathi esiningi kwaba ngokolimi eyinqaba futhi Baratynsky. imbongi ngamunye, esondela Aleksandru Sergeevichu, wazama ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulondoloza ukuzimela zokudala ezivela kuye.

Khona-ke, umphakathi izimbongi? Naphezu wesandla zabo ezahlukene lyrical, ukubukwa ezifanayo emhlabeni-sengqondo futhi izwe lowombono wawungaba izimbongi of circle Pushkin sika. Umlayezo ngesihloko, ngasendleleni, babuzwe ukulungiselela abafundi abasemakilasini izincwadi, ngakho isihloko kuyoba usizo kubazali ukuze basize izingane zabo ngomsebenzi wesikole. Ngakho, bonke izimbongi Pushkin Umthala babekholelwa ukuthi inkondlo - ubuciko ngokuvumelana, ngokuletha nobunye umphefumulo womuntu. Ngo izikhathi usizi nosizi abantu abaphendukela izinkondlo bakuthola ukuthula. Harmony of circle Pushkin sika ke kubhekwe uhlobo kwezifiso nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano kwenchubo zomhlaba, kanye izinkondlo - umqaphi lo mbono.

Denis Davydov

Lona omunye izimbongi onamakhono kunabo, eyaziwa kule-yalolucwaningo 1810-1830., Ingabe olusankondlo ubuso yasekuqaleni. Hussar Denis Davydov - predpushkinskogo isizukulwane imbongi, yasungulwa buso elinesibindi iqhawe nobudedengu ngesikhathi esifanayo, a exokozelayo eligadulayo gay. I-Russian impi isosha esihlatshelelwayo ukuthi phambi ezahlukene, Davydov wathi usebenza wakhe igama elisha. Wasungula babanjwa, Nomfutho vesi okuhlabayo uqeda aphorism ngokuvamile abukhali. Indalo edume kakhulu imbongi yilezi ezilandelayo: "Indzaba ukuphila Denisa Vasilevicha Davydova," libhalwe uhlobo nephrozi ngokuphila kwakhe, futhi ingcebo oluyiqiniso impahla Umlando.

Pushkin wavuma waze wafunda ngisho nokusenga kusukela Davydov, wazama ukumlingisa 'zisonta leli vesi. " Nokho, ekuphileni kwangempela-Alexander akuzange ukugqoka buso, wahlala yena, angeke kushiwo mayelana Denis Vasilievich, ngubani empilweni baba ukuzama umfanekiso hussar eligadulayo imbongi ahlanganisiwe nalo.

Konstantin Batyushkov

Izimbongi of circle Pushkin sika, izinkondlo ezalotshwa esikhathini uhlobo romanticism, ngokuqinisekile kunqubo sigxile imisebenzi umbhali waseRussia. Phela Batiushkov ngokuthi elinye lamaphayona ukunyakaza zothando e izincwadi. ifa laKhe lokudala siqukethe izinkondlo, izincwadi nezihloko temibhalo yephrozi. Konstantin Batyushkov langena umlando izincwadi Russian ngokuyinhloko njengoba kummeleli "evesini ukukhanya", ukuze elalingelamaFilisti futhi Davidov, futhi Bogdanovic, futhi Pushkin. Lokhu kuthambekela sihlehlela emuva emasikweni isitayela anacreontic lapho evesini sung injabulo uthando, ubungani, inkululeko kwangaphakathi nangokuphila sekukonke.

Peter Vyazemsky

Imbongi wathatha yena imbongi besikhathi sethu, kodwa uma umsebenzi ekuseni, yena wayevumelana nalo izikhathi ayephila kuso, emva 1837 uchazwe kabusha ngokoqobo nokubona ohlangothini engakhi ke, uye kuyinsakavukela ukuthatha esidlule. UQobo phetho Vyazemskij udunyiswa njengoMdali usizi indoda ongafuni futhi akakwazi ukuphila ngokuhambisana lezo zimiso ababe nobuntu ekhulwini yakhe.

Njengezinye izimbongi of circle Pushkin sika, wathola ukufana yayo esankondlo isiko kanye nesiko Alexander. Ezimbili imbongi ayeseduze kakhulu, ngisho Vyazemsky Pushkin umsebenzi abazinikezele. Bobabili izindlalifa kwekhulu le-18, ebuntwaneni imbibed uthando okucabanga nokukhanyiselwa. Encwadini yakhe ethi Denis Vyazemskij nethonya bendabuko amafomu olusankondlo: i elegies melancholic, ODE inkululeko-onothando, izinganekwane, imizekeliso, didactics futhi ukubhinqa.

Anton Delvig

Thanda ezinye izimbongi of circle Pushkin sika, imbongi Aleksandrom Sergeevichem ube ngumngani ebusheni bakhe. Bahlangana esikoleni esiphakeme, futhi ubungane Pushkin kuchazwa olunye uhlelo yobuhle etemibhalo isikhundla Delvig. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, wathuthukisa isithombe imbongi ngokuthi "ibheja abasha" bembethe zakudala romance izinhlobo. Anton Delvig eliqoshiwe lasendulo ngesiGreki namaRoma izinkondlo osayizi kanye bobunjwa, futhi isosha esihlatshelelwayo yakhe ukusungulwa okunemibandela izwe lasendulo, lapho ubuhle nokuvumelana wokubusa. imidwebo yakhe imbongi eyenziwe uhlobo izinkondlo anthological futhi idylls.

Nikolay Yazykov

I lokusungula imbongi ngu ithoni bese okuqukethwe yayihluke kakhulu. Olimini tafula imbongi, wangena umfundi ukuthi usungule uhlobo idumela. Imisebenzi yakhe ukwethula umphumela yokungavuthwa amnandi, infantilism. Izimbongi of circle Pushkin sika beqonda Nikolaya Yazykova kanjani muva ingane abangekwazi ukukhokhela namaqhinga okuyingozi futhi enza imigilingwane enjengeye. Waphenduka wabheka la umngane omncane, Pushkin wababaza: "Uzizwa unjani futhi nabathola kanjani mil shalish" Izilimi ngethabe amathuba siqu namakhono, ngakho enkulumweni yakhe buviyoviyo zemvelo ngakho yisibabazo, amazwi okuzothileyo, izingcingo elikhulu.

Ekuphetheni

Yiqiniso, esihlokweni asizange ohlwini zonke izimbongi of circle Pushkin sika. Lokhu Umthala inkulu, futhi ngaphezu kwalezo mayelana kwathiwa bani ngenhla, kuhlanganisa Zhukovsky Kuchelbecker, Krylov nabanye. Ezinezinkondlo isiphetho izimbongi owayesebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo Aleksandrom Sergeevichem, savela ngendlela ehlukile. Abanye bangene enkundleni etemibhalo ngisho nangaphambi kokuba (isibonelo, Denis Davydov) nekuticambela ithuthukiswe ngokuzimela "ilanga zezinkondlo Russian", bese kuphela wajoyina umbuthano wakhe. Kodwa zonke izimbongi of circle Pushkin sika - ababengaphambi nabantu bangesikhathi - babehlanganiswa into eyodwa: baqamba imisebenzi yabo esikhathini owawusenkundleni ngaphansi uphawu Pushkin.