Amaphrotheni isakhiwo quaternary: izici kwesakhiwo kanye nokusebenza

A sefilosofi esidumile wake wathi, "Life - kuwuhlobo khona imizimba amaprotheni." Wayesezothi ngokuphelele ilungelo, ngoba iyona udaba eziphilayo oluyisisekelo eziningi eziphilayo. Amaphrotheni isakhiwo quaternary kuyinto eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo isakhiwo futhi eyingqayizivele izakhiwo. Uyobizwa anikezelwe athikili yethu. Futhi, cabanga isakhiwo wamaprotheni molecule.

Yini engokwemvelo

Iqembu elikhulu nezinto eziphilayo bahlanganiswe omunye impahla ezivamile. Zakhiwa izakhi eziningana zamakhemikhali. Zibizwa ngokuthi organogenic. Ingabe i-hydrogen, umoya-mpilo, i-carbon-nitrogen. Okungukuthi, akha izinto eziphilayo.

Omunye isici yabo evamile iwukuthi bangabaphingi bonke biopolymers. Lawa macromolecules ezinkulu. Zakhiwa inqwaba ngokuphinda amayunithi ngokuthi monomers. Ukuze ama-carbohydrate kuyinto monosaccharide, ngoba lipid - glycerol futhi fatty acid. Kodwa i-DNA ne-RNA aqukethe ama-nucleotide.

Chemical isakhiwo amaprotheni

Monomers amaprotheni - kukhona amino acid, ngamunye ephethe isakhiwo zamakhemikhali. Isisekelo lesi monomer kuyinto athomu carbon, it yakha izibopho ezine. Eyokuqala yalezi - a athomu ye-hydrogen. A lesibili nelesithathu, ngokulandelana, wakhiwa acid kanye karboksogruppoy. Yizo ezinquma hhayi kuphela isakhiwo biopolymer amangqamuzana, kodwa futhi izakhiwo zabo. Iqembu lokugcina ku-molecule ye-amino acid ebizwa olukhulu. Le ngxenye yiqoqo-athomu, okuyiwona zonke monomers zihlukile nomunye, elibangela ezihlukahlukene omkhulu amaprotheni eziphilayo.

Isakhiwo engqamuzaneni amaprotheni

Omunye isici kulezi organic compounds wukuthi bangakwazi khona emazingeni ehlukene kwenhlangano. Kuyinto isakhiwo lokuqala, lesibili, ephakeme kanye quaternary amaprotheni. Ngamunye wabo anezakhi ezithile kanye izimfanelo.

isakhiwo eyinhloko

Lesi sakhiwo amaprotheni ilula kakhulu isakhiwo. Kuyinto uchungechunge amino acid, okuyinto axhunyiwe ngu peptide izibopho. Basuke obakhiwa Amino futhi karboksogruppami molecule engumakhelwane.

isakhiwo yesibili

Lapho iketango acid acid osontekile ibe Helix, kwakhiwa isakhiwo yesibili amaprotheni. Ukuxhumana engqamuzana ngokuthi i-hydrogen, futhi injalo izakhi zama-athomu ezifanayo amaqembu acid sokusebenza. Kuqhathaniswa peptide, zinamandla kakhulu kancane, kodwa iyakwazi ukugcina lesi sakhiwo.

isakhiwo ephakeme

Kodwa isakhiwo ezilandelayo - it is a ibhola, okuyinto Kuvunguza ezisontekile amino acid. Ibizwa nangokuthi globule. Kukhona-ke ngokusebenzisa ukuxhumana ezivukayo phakathi izinsalela kuphela acid ezithile acid - cysteine. Zibizwa ngokuthi disulfide. Lesi sakhiwo futhi isekela izibopho hydrophobic futhi electrostatic. Eyokuqala kuwumphumela ukukhangana phakathi ama-amino acid e i osebenzelana aqueous. Ezimweni ezinjalo, izinsalela zabo hydrophobic cishe "banamathelane" ukwakha globule. Ngaphezu kwalokho, acid acid ezizivelelayo babe amacala ephikisayo bakhangwa nomunye. Ngenxa yalokho, kukhona uxhumano ezengeziwe electrostatic.

Amaphrotheni isakhiwo quaternary

Isakhiwo quaternary amaprotheni kunzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuwumphumela nokuhlanganiswa globules eziningana. Zingase ziyahlukahluka, futhi amakhemikhali ukwakheka kanye nezici yenhlangano ngekwendzawo. Uma kwakhiwa isakhiwo amaprotheni quaternary kuphela amino acid izinsalela, kulula. Lezi biopolymers kukhona okuthiwa amaprotheni. Kodwa uma amangqamuzana anamekwe lezi zingxenye ze-non-amaprotheni zenzeka proteid. Ezimweni eziningi lokhu acid kwakwakhe nge carbohydrate, nucleic acid izinsalela ne phosphorus, lipids, ama-athomu ngabanye lensimbi nelethusi. Emvelweni ke yaziwa amaprotheni izakhiwo kanye yemvelo Umbala izinto - zombala. Lesi sakhiwo wamaprotheni molecule kuba yinkimbinkimbi.

Spatial ifomu quaternary amaprotheni sakhiwo juqu ngezici zawo. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi biopolymers filamentous noma fibrillar musa chaza emanzini. Bakhonza umsebenzi kubalulekile eziphilayo. Ngakho, imisipha amaprotheni actin futhi myosin ukunikeza ukunyakaza, futhi ngesisekelo izinwele yi-keratin nezilwane. amaprotheni eyisiyingi noma globular isakhiwo quaternary kukhona encibilikayo kakhulu emanzini. indima yabo ngokwemvelo lihlukile. Izinto ezinjalo labo abazokwazi ethutha amagesi, njenge-hemoglobin, okuthathwe ukudla ninamathele njengoba pepsin, noma yenza umsebenzi uyavikela, njengobaba amasosha omzimba.

amaprotheni izakhiwo

Amaphrotheni isakhiwo quaternary, globular ikakhulukazi, zingashintsha oyiyo. Le nqubo ithatha indawo ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile benjalo lokushisa eliphezulu, acid eqinile noma izinsimbi ezisindayo.

Uma i-molecule ye amaprotheni unwinds kuya acid acid uchungechunge, isakhiwo esinjalo libizwa denaturation. Le nqubo kuba esethola. Lesi sakhiwo ungakwazi futhi yakha globules molecule. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi ephambene renaturation. Uma acid acid Amangqamuzana angokwemvelo kude nomunye futhi ephule izibopho peptide, kukhona ekubhujisweni. Le nqubo engelapheki. Lokhu amaprotheni ayikwazi ukutholwa. Ukubhujiswa ngokusetshenziswa ngamunye wethu njengoba amaqanda ethosiwe.

Ngakho isakhiwo quaternary amaprotheni - uhlobo uxhumano, kwakheka okuyinto e-molecule. Futhi unamandla ngokwanele, kodwa ngaphansi kwethonya izici ezithile uyakwazi wokugoqa.