Kotelnikov uVladimir Aleksandrovich: Biography

Kuvele usosayensi ezivelele Academician uVladimir Kotelnikov waba iphayona futhi umsunguli we indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo yasekhaya. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, yena nozakwabo wadala Inani lamadivayisi ahlukile, lapho kwavela ulwazi imfihlo kanye oda.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Kuvele usosayensi ezivelele unjiniyela Kotelnikov uVladimir Aleksandrovich wazalelwa e Kazan. Wazalwa ngo-September 6, 1908. Umfana wayevela emkhayeni ka lezinceku osolwazi - likayise noyisemkhulu wasebenza eyunivesithi yendawo. Akumangalisi ukuthi iminyaka nomkhaya ezincane ezifana Volodya ukuba 6 wafunda ukufunda nokubhala, kodwa futhi yingcweti izisekelo algebra, izibalo nokuma kwezwe.

isikole, ingane yawela phezu inkathi Okokuqala Umhlaba futhi kulwiwa. Ngenxa yalokhu umndeni KOTELNIKOVO njalo wathutha bengonozulane. UVladimir wafundiswa ekhaya, futhi esikoleni wafundiswa kule minyaka emithathu amakilasi kuphela. Izehlakalo zeminyaka impi awazange ayiphule isithakazelo ayenaso isayensi. Lo mfana balithanda umsakazo. Lokhu umdlalo uye kuchazwe ukuphila lonke ikusasa lakhe.

kumiswa

Ngo-1926, uVladimir wangena eMoscow Ephakeme Technical School iqanjwe Bauman. Isifundo eyunivesithi kulandelwa ukuvakashelwa yezifundo e Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow State University. Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe khona kule Nyquist Bauman yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu wema MEI - eMoscow Amandla Engineering Institute, owayethole iziqu nsizwa.

imfundo ehlonishwayo wamvumela ukuba ngama-engineer ngesikhathi Research Institute nokuxhumana iRed Army. Khona-ke Kotelnikov uVladimir Aleksandrovich wabhalisa iziqu MEI, ngesikhathi esebenza njengomshushisi kunjiniyela omkhulu ikhanda elabhorethri ngesikhathi Research Institute.

ukutholakala ezibalulekile

Umsebenzi we usosayensi abasha esenze intuthuko ngokushesha, lapho ngo-1933, wafingqa imfundiso yokuziphendukela yengetiwe imisebenzi, evulekile abacwaningi baseBrithani Whittaker. Lichaza ukungabi khona ukulahleka kwedatha uma usebenzisa isignali okuqhubekayo. Ifomula wazibonakalisa Kotel'nikov, obaluleke kunayo ngekusasa ubuchwepheshe. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso waba isisekelo inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ulwazi kanye esephepheni yayo nokucutshungulwa digital zemiyalezo, njll Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi njengoba Kotelnikov ukufohla ezifanayo ucwaningo lwabo wenza American Klod Shennon, ngenxa yalokho theorem owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi Whittaker - .. Nyquist - Shannon.

okutholakele lasisekelo sobala hhayi ngokushesha. Ukuze izinto zayo eziyingqayizivele Kotelnikov uVladimir Aleksandrovich wabhala umbiko okuningiliziwe, kodwa ayizange yamukelwe ngu abahleli be-yesayensi umagazini sobunye "Ugesi". Le website ithi lokhu ukuthi into umphenyi ayisho lutho ngokuba onjiniyela Soviet.

umsebenzi okuqhubekayo

Noma kunjalo, kakade eminyakeni engu-30, usosayensi Soviet Kotelnikov uVladimir waba wabaholi wesayensi lobuchwepheshe be-USSR. Wathola ngezinga ngisho ngaphandle sivikele mqondo. Ngokushesha ngo-1941, unjiniyela uklame eziningi zezimiso eziyinhloko, okumele ukwakha ikusasa uhlelo ubufakazi ekulinganisweni amasignali.

Izifushaniso Nyquist babe wamavukelambuso. A emisha yokhiye ekuguquleni elidala amasignali analog kuya yedijithali. Kwakuthinta bazitshela ukuthi imishini imisebenzi enjalo ezosebenza ngokuhambisana theorem izibonelo zalokho. Njengoba kunjalo nge ucwaningo lwabo theory, usosayensi waphinda bangaleso sikhathi. Le nqubo, ebikezela, kwakukhona kuphela ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II.

On the izindawo imfihlo

Ekupheleni kwe-30s Kotelnikov uVladimir Aleksandrovich waba inhloko yalawa laboratory kudalwa multi-channel zokuxhumana imishini umsakazo. Nge kamuva, okufutshane yomugqa phakathi eMoscow naseKhabarovsk yasungulwa. Kanye Kotelnikov kule msebenzi asebenza abaqambi oluvelele Aleksandr mints, uKonstantin Egorov nabanye. Futhi, usosayensi eholwa laboratories ezimbili, okuyinto zakhiwa ekulinganisweni ubuchwepheshe, ucingo kanye nokwaziswa yocingo. Ithimba, abasebenza kulezi zakhiwo, laqedwa ngo-izindleko onjiniyela, esanda kuphothula Institute of Communication.

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, Ochwepheshe Soviet bakwazile ukuhambisa kusuka ephelelwe yisikhathi Imininingwane ukubethela izinhlelo kuya zokuvumelanisa entsha, komugqa avalelwe nomsakazo ucingo izingxoxo. Negalelo elikhulu kule mpumelelo ukwenze Kotelnikov uVladimir Aleksandrovich. Biography Ososayensi baye babonisa ubuholi wezwe uyakufanelekela ukuphathisa kuye nge enomsebenzi obalulekile. Umsunguli wasiphakamisa ikhambi lenkinga ezithinta isizwe - idivayisi ekufihleni amasignali izwi, amelana sokuqonda isitha. Ngemva eJalimane behlasela i-USSR imishini enjalo baba esibalulekile.

"Sable" futhi "bullfinch"

imishini abahlukile ngaphambilini umnyango ophethe imvamisa uhulumeni (RF) zokuxhumana. imodeli kuqala yokuhlola yama "Sobol-mina» yasungulwa wadlula ngo-1938. Imishini senziwe Leningrad isitshalo "Red Dawn." Lapho inhlokodolobha Northern wavinjezelwa, ibhizinisi waxoshelwa Ufa. Kube yasungulwa kwenye imboni entsha №697, enomnikazi Yabantu Commissariat we agesi Imboni ye-USSR.

Nokho, ku Ufa futhi zayiswa ingxenye elabhorethri, inhloko okwakukhona Kotelnikov uVladimir Aleksandrovich. Usosayensi, e Naphezu kwempi, baqhubeka ukuthuthukisa isifaki khodi, eyayintula ukubaluleka okukhulu ukuvikela izwe. Ngo Ufa iqembu Nyquist noMbutho onjiniyela zalesi sihlahla "Red Dawn." isampula "Sobol-P" yasungulwa ngo-1942. Le modeli senzelwe imfihlo shortwave umsakazo wefoni. Ngaleso sikhathi, "Sobol-P" isibe apharathasi kakhulu ngokomthetho eziyinkimbinkimbi ekufihleni ulwazi. Idivayisi oguqula kagesi amasignali kabili inkulumo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa isikhathi ukubambezeleka izingxenye uphawu spectrum kombhala yayo indandatho. Ukuthuthukiswa ivumela ukukhiqiza transposition yokukhuluma izingxenye. cryptogram Kwenziwe belingafundeki ngoba isitha.

Imodeli bahlola isimo umsebenzi okhethekile. Wathola ukuthi "Sobol-P" ivumela izinkulumo imfihlo ngokuphepha. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi abanye izingxenye mechanical imishini (kuhlanganise izigubhu kazibuthe) awazange kwenziwe Ufa futhi Leningrad ovinjezelwe. izinto zenani elikhulu ezilethwa ngokusebenzisa imigqa ngosizo zezindiza.

Kanye "Sable" imishini ephathekayo zokuhlukanisa SAU-16 ( "bullfinch") yasungulwa ngesikhathi sempi. Le divayisi sifana ipotimende. Kuye ngesikhathi uhambo lwakhe esetshenziswa izinduna phambi kanye nabamele iziteki phansi, lapho kwakungekho ukuxhumana ephezulu imvamisa.

"INeva"

Imshini "Sobol-P" aqalwa esetshenziswa emkhakheni ekupheleni 1942. Khona-ke radiotelephone imodeli ngekhodi izingxoxo imfihlo ephakathi eMoscow Tbilisi, esikhundleni ichithekile amaJalimane ubuhlobo ujwayelene kobuholi Transcaucasian Front. kudivayisi Bet bophulwe kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, kuze ogwini iCaspian akuyona umugqa omusha wakhiwa. Ngemva kokubhapathizwa ngempumelelo imishini umlilo "Sobol-P" hit endlunkulu zonke izimpi. Ngezinye GHQ sanquma ukusebenzisa lolu imodeli ukudlulisa phezulu oda imfihlo kanye nemibiko.

Kodwa "Sobol-P" wayengeyena eseyintsha kuphela lapho isandla Kotelnikov uVladimir. Intuthuko usosayensi 40s babe abaluleke nakakhulu ngemva kokusungulwa "Owl" futhi "iNeva". Lezi amadivayisi zenzelwe ngemfihlo imiyalezo nge iziteshi olunezintambo. Ukuthi babusekelwe eziyinkimbinkimbi esephepheni uhlelo, okuyinto ehlukile kwakungekhona phesheya. "INeva" usetshenziselwe ukuxhumana eMoscow, 1 st no 2 izimpi isi-Byelorussian isi-Byelorussian. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ithole isicelo yayo ngesikhathi nengqungquthela yomhlaba wonke ye-oMfelandawonye engxenyeni empini (Tehran, Yalta nelesibili Potsdam izingqungquthela). Ekugcineni, "iNeva" lalisetshenziswa ezibiyele izingxoxo ne-dolobha ye amandla ahlukahlukene aseYurophu ngaleso ukusayina sokunikela German.

ngemva kwempi,

Ngemva kokunqoba leqembu onjiniyela owayesebenza Ufa, ke yahlakazeka. Ochwepheshe "Red Dawn" wayesebuyele Leningrad. Enye ingxenye abaqambi nososayensi waya eMoscow, kufaka ekhatsi MEI. Kukhona wahlala ukusebenza futhi Kotelnikov uVladimir Aleksandrovich. Usosayensi Photo zangakwazi ku amaphephandaba. Ingabe ukusebenza emsebenzini oyifihlo, wahluleka ukubala kwi emphakathini umphakathi imisebenzi yayo. Noma kunjalo, ngemva kwempi, uVladimir Kotelnikov kwaholela umnyango Institute sika "Izikhwama echazwa Radio Engineering". Wagijima ke iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-36.

Kodwa ingxenye yomphakathi we imisebenzi egqwalile ngokumelene ngemuva komsebenzi abadumile Marfino sharashka. Lena igama olungekho emthethweni yaziwa kabanzi, zase zihleliwe sibonga izincwadi yomlobi futhi kaNobel u-Alexander uSolzhenitsyn, futhi wasebenza lapho. Ngokusemthethweni, kwaba laboratory ekhethekile №8, adalwe oda uhulumeni wamaSoviet. Ngo isimo sharashka kwaba abantu 490. Bonke baye basungula wefoni imfihlo, imishini emisha ye ukuvikelwa kokwaziswa, nokunye. D. Abanye abasebenzi wayedonsa isigwebo ejele lososayensi abaqambi.

academician

Ngo-1953, usosayensi othile waba academician we-Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Uma umuntu phakathi nompetha ukubethela yokuxhumana futhi kwakufanele lesi sihloko, kwaba nakanjani Kotelnikov uVladimir. Izithombe onobuhle azenza manje iminyuziyamu eminingi, ogama setfulo enikelwe ngale ndaba. Academician ephethwe elabhorethri, ukudala amadivayisi eMnyango Wezokuvikela futhi ama-KGB. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yena ephethwe Commission, iqaphe izinga lo mshini omusha, abanye onjiniyela.

Ngo 1950-60 uVladimir Kotelnikov iba umqalisi kanye ugqozi amadivayisi ezifana "Liana" "Lily", "Diamond", "i-Nyakatfo-M", "Mace", "I-Lotus-B", njalo njalo. D. Kusukela ngo-1954 kuya ku-1988. Academician kwaba umqondisi we-Institute of Radio Ubunjiniyela Electronics, Academy of Sciences of USSR.

eminyakeni yamuva

Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungakanani yayo zihlaba, waqhubeka akhe asebenzayo Kotelnikov uVladimir. Usuku Lokuzalwa (September 6, 1908) futhi ezihlukahlukene nezinsiza ukuze izwe akubanga yisikhathi sokuhlangana ukuba ayeke futhi ukuphumula azithele ngabandayo yethu.

Ngo-1992, Russian Academy of indlela yokubhala efihla incazelo sidaliwe sibonga Academician. Ngo-2003, uVladimir Kotelnikov waklonyeliswa Order "Ukuze Services ngezinga wobaba» mina. Usosayensi ngiyitholile iminyaka yakhe eminingi yomsebenzi kanye neqhaza elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi amaSoviet nasemakamu aseRussia. Academician washona ngo-February 11, 2005. Wembelwa LaseKuntsëvo Amathuna eMoscow.