Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. Zoological Museum of Moscow State University ku Nikitskaya: hambo, amanani, ukubuyekezwa

Lapho Russian Academy of Sciences Zoological Museum khona, okuyinto enkulu kunazo zonke ezweni lethu futhi ezifundeni ezinabantu, kanye umthamo izimali. indawo Okwesibili ngokuqinile ophethe isikhungo enjalo MSU. Zoological Museum ku Nikitskaya liphakathi eziyishumi ngobukhulu izikhungo ezweni sephrofayela efanayo.

abashisekeli Famous Russia

Umlando sokudalwa salo. Ngo 1802, uhulumeni lenza isibawo iminikelo imfundo. Phakathi kwabokuqala eze phambili kwaba semvelo, usosayensi futhi UMuphi Pavel Grigorevich Demidov (1739-1821), ongowozalo luka-lwamakhosi abadumile. umsebenzi wakhe ongenabugovu kumba eqolo - ngezindleko zakhe siqu e 1803, usivulela eSikoleni Ephakeme Sciences, okuyinto babebizwa ngegama lakhe kuze 1919. Khona-ke ubeka imali ngesilinganiso ruble 100 000, umtapo omkhulu futhi eqoqwe ekuhambeni kwakhe emhlabeni jikelele we zemvelo iqoqo isayensi ikusasa YaseMoscow State University. Zoological Museum kuphakama ngenxa lezi iminikelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1805, PG Demidov ithumela eMoscow University Mintz iKhabhinethi, okuyinto iyisonto iqoqo ocebile (ayizinkulungwane eziningana), imali ewuhlweza izindondo. Lengcebo futhi kamuva wenza Isikhwama eziyisisekelo kwakhiwa ngaphambili ngo-1791, "iKhabhinethi yomlando zemvelo."

professional approach

Ngo 1755, esinqumweni Empress Elizabeth wasungula Imperial University of Moscow - eMoscow State University. I Zoological Museum mncane ngeminyaka 36, ukuthi akuvimbeli ukuba kubhekwe omunye omdala izinhlangano isayensi yemvelo. Wayeneminyaka engu-215 ubudala. Emva "ikhabethe umlando wemvelo" yacebisa kakhulu imizamo abavikela P. G. Demidova, kwadingeka nokumisa kubo. Lo msebenzi wemfanelo waphathiswa zaziwa kahle kakhulu (uyayenza iqoqo ihhovisi efanayo e-Paris) semvelo Russian GI Fischer (igama eliphelele - UGrigory Ivanovich (Johann Gottgelf, Gotthelf) Fischer von laseWaldheim, neminyaka yokuphila - 1771-1853). Abafundi kanye umlandeli G. Cuvier, umbhali wencwadi mqondo "Ngo ukuphefumula izilwane," G. I. Fisher ungafuni University of Jena, wammemela ahlele yakhe "iKhabhinethi of Natural History," futhi wahlala e Moscow, MSU esizayo. I Zoological Museum yasungulwa ngenxa yemizamo yakhe.

umsebenzi ongenabugovu

Eminyakeni 1806-1807 yena yokusungula ngingowokuqala wendlu yonke amaqoqo kwenziwa, kuhlanganise zemali kanye izindondo. Njengoba ayaziwa e 1812, eMoscow ivutha. Lokhu umlilo Kushone eziningi izakhiwo, iqoqo eliyigugu i-Zoological Museum of Ngokuzayo babhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Futhi Patriot Russia UGrigory Ivanovich Fisher owayengumbonisi ngesikhathi umlilo ayesengayigcina ngisindise abathile conchological (amagobolondo nezimbaza) nokuqoqwa, baqala ukubuyisela "iKhabhinethi", wasidlulisela amaqoqo akho, amaqoqo kanye nomtapo. Khona-ke, usebenzisa igunya siqu nokuduma emphakathini yesayensi, badlulisela zemvelo futhi abagcina imihlangano yangasese ukusiza ekwakhiweni Museum woshonile, ukuvuselelwa okuyinto kwakunokwenzeka ukuthi kakade 1814. Yokusungula wesibili kwenziwa G. I. Fisherom, laqedwa ngo-1822, futhi imiphumela yayo yashicilelwa. Kanyekanye iqoqo etshalwe labelwa systematization kwezimali, kanye Museum entsha eyunivesithi yasungulwa kuphela ngesisekelo yayo. Ngu 1830, sibonga umsebenzi ongenabugovu ka G. I. Fishera, inani ziphephile kuze kube amayunithi kwezigidi ezingu-25.

le kabusha kuyadingeka

Uthuthukiswe kanje ziye kwenziwe kakade 1860. Khona-ke zonke Museum zahlukaniswa ukuqeqeshwa, ucwaningo nokuchaza. Ukuze izivakashi ukuza Zoological Museum of Moscow State University. University wavula ngo-1866. Yiqiniso, kuyo yonke iminyaka ukhona uye lakhula ngokushesha futhi ekupheleni kwekhulu egumbini obubekelwe eceleni kwakhe, laba lincane. Futhi ngakho kule minyaka 1989-1902 ngokuba Museum kwakhiwa ezintsha zokwakha ezintathu storey iphrojekthi ezikhethekile zezemfundo, umakhi lezinceku K. M. Bykovskogo, ngaleso sikhathi - umakhi induna eMoscow University. Bakhandwa lakhiwa izindlu enyuvesi Field Virgin sika. Nikitskaya kodwa sakhiwo esihle we Zoological Museum, K. M. Bykovskim kwakhiwa umtapo nangemicabango eziningana emzimbeni.

Beautiful isakhiwo, eyenziwe isitayela zakudala, isenkabeni yenhloko-dolobha. Eliseduze metro station - "Library kubo. Lenin "futhi" Okhotny Ryad ". Lwamenza kanye Museum of esakhiweni esidala ku Moss. Ngemva kokuthuthela e-emnyuziyamu komphakathi kuba kuphela ngo-1911.

iNguquko Soviet

Ngo-1930, i-Zoological Museum of Moscow State University e Moscow wanikezwa Faculty of Biology. A kabusha ezinkulu zenzeka ngo-90s kwekhulu elidlule. Phela Izehlakalo Museum ezidinga isimo ezimele. Kuze kube manje, izimali zakhe ucwaningo ukufinyelela amayunithi esinabantu abayizigidi eziningana. It evakashela abantu 150,000 ngonyaka, inani izimoto kwenziwe esikhathini esifanayo 1700. Lesi sibalo ifinyelela butholakale kukhona ulwazi ocacile ukwaziswa okwengeziwe uhlobo amaqoqo yesayensi ngamunye. Igumbi ezintathu ezinakho konke okudingekayo wokubuka inikezwe izivakashi - amabili esitezi sokuqala, umuntu (Bone Hall) - olwesibili. Zonke amaqoqo zakhelwe ziyezwana ethize, kusukela elula kuya ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla.

ucwaningo Ezinkulu

Ucwaningo Zoological Museum MSU uqhuba sina umsebenzi - nakuhlolayo bese uhlela ulwazi ngezilwane bebonke, mayelana zamanje ngokukhethekile. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekhona ziphephile 10 million 8 kuphela, okuhlanganisa abameleli nezilwane esiyingqayizivele zomhlaba, isibonelo, ngobukhulu kanye olusindayo ibhungane uGoliyati kanye nenqwaba yezinye izingcezu unique. Akumangalisi ukuthi Muscovites uqale emnyu- esemncane kakhulu - lapha woza nengane enonyaka owodwa ubudala, basutha nohambo. Zoological Museum of Moscow State University, ukubuyekezwa zazo iningi omuhle kakhulu, ngempela okuhle kakhulu, igcina ijubane nalezi zikhathi, ukuhlinzeka zonke "chips 'ezingaba ukuheha abuye esekele inani elikhulu kunawo kungenzeka izivakashi. Futhi khaphi iqashe abantu iyamangalisa. Kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi uma uvakashela yimuphi Museum emhlabeni kunabantu abakholelwa ukuthi, iziqondiso ukukhuluma kahle, ziphephile embozwe uthuli. Isithombe esibonisa ukuthi akusiyo.

Amanani amathikithi, ukubuyekezwa, amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Qinisekisa amaqoqo agqamile ephezulu ezingeni, emnyuziyamu. ithikithi intengo - nje $ 100 ngomntwana njengengxenye yeqembu hambo, kwakukhona abantu abangaba ngu-20. Ukuze umuntu omdala isevisi uhambo - ruble 250, ngaphandle uhambo - 200. Kukhona uhlelo nezimo izinzuzo, usuku mahhala imikhakha ekhethekile zezakhamizi kanye ubusuku khulula konyaka. nemibukiso Very interesting amaphephabhuku. Ezinye izivakashi ukuthenga amathikithi kusenesikhathi kuqala. It uhlala ukuze ungeze amaqiniso ambalwa ezithakazelisayo - esikhathini esithile efulethini uSolwazi A. N. Severtseva, elise isakhiwo Museum, owawungumnyaka umsunguli we morphology yokuziphendukela kwemvelo izilwane wahlala Marina Tsvetaeva. Futhi waba sibonelo hero "amaqanda Obulalayo" M. A. Bulgakova.