Dissimilation - lokhu ... Izinyathelo dissimilation

Dissimilation - a eziyinkimbinkimbi zamakhemikhali lapho kukhona noqhekeko kancane kancane compounds eziyinkimbinkimbi organic ukuze lula. Le nqubo ibizwa ephelezelwa ukukhululwa kwe amandla, okuningi kwakho okubangelwa isetshenziswa ATP zamagama.

Dissimilation eziphilayo

inqubo Dissimilation kuyinto obuhlukile nokwenziwa. Njengoba kokuqala izinto kuncike kwamazinyo, isinyathelo acid nucleic, amaphrotheni, amafutha kanye carbohydrate. A imikhiqizo yokugcina - amanzi, isikhutha kanye ammonia. Imikhiqizo yokubola umzimba isilwane ne olwenzeka kancane kancane kukhishelwa ngaphandle. Futhi isitshalo carbon dioxide ukhululeka kancane kanye ammonia ngokugcwele elisetshenziswa inqubo nokwenziwa, silokhu sikhonza njengamaphayona esikhathi indaba kokuqala for biosynthesis of organic compounds.

I dissimilation ubuhlobo kanye nokwenziwa ivumela izicubu zomzimba avuselelwa njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, izinsuku ezingu-10 e igazi lomuntu albumin olusha amaseli nengxenye, futhi izinyanga 4 sikhiqize zonke erythrocyte. umfutho ratio izinqubo ezimbili okuphambene umzimba kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi. Lokhu komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane umzimba, futhi engu nesimo bokuphila. Phakathi ukukhula nokuthuthuka nokwenziwa umzimba lisanqoba, okuholela ifomu amangqamuzana amasha, izicubu kanye izitho kuyinto kwamangqamuzana yabo, okungukuthi, umzimba wawo ukhula. Endabeni inqubo pathologies nokuzila ukudla dissimilation obusa nokwenziwa kanye nesisindo umzimba encishisiwe.

Ukwahlukanisa izinto eziphilayo ezitholakala ngokwemvelo dissimilation

Zonke izinto eziphilayo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili, kuye ngokuthi izimo lapho iminikelo eqoqiwe dissimilation. Kuyinto amagciwane aerobic kanye anaerobic. Eyokuqala kudinga umoya-mpilo khulula, isidingo yokugcina hhayi usihlole ukuphila. Ngezinye dissimilation anaerobic by ukuvutshelwa ukuqhutshwa, okuyinto i-oksijini-free enzymatic ukugaya of udaba eziphilayo zibe lula. Ngokwesibonelo, acidosis noma ukuvutshelwa oludakayo.

Izigaba dissimilation e eziphilayo aerobic: esigabeni wokulungiselela

Cleavage izinto eziningi eziphilayo e aerobes eyenziwa ngezinyathelo ezintathu. Emhlanganweni ngamunye kubo kukhona ukusabela eziningana ethize enzymatic.

Isigaba sokuqala - wokulungiselela. Iqhaza main kulesigaba ehlala ku ezinamangqamuzana amaningi eziphilayo ama-enzyme etholakala pheshana emathunjini. Ngo unicellular - enzyme lysosomal. Phakathi amaprotheni Isigaba sokuqala ukubola ku-amino acid, amafutha yakha glycerol futhi ama-fatty acid, polysaccharides ukubola zibe monosaccharides, nucleic acid nucleotide.

glycolysis

Eyesibili esigabeni se dissimilation - glycolysis. Kwenzeka ngaphandle oksijini. Lwekucaphela inhlangano glycolysis ukuthi limelela kokuqala eqhekeza futhi namachibi glucose okuholela amandla khulula egcinwe ngesimo ezimbili molecule ATP. Senzeka uchungechunge ukusabela elandelanayo lapho iba umphumela wokugcina kwetinhlavu eyodwa molecule glucose ezimbili molecule pyruvate kanye esilinganayo ATP. Kuyinto ngesimo adenosine triphosphate egcinwe amandla ingxenye okuyinto ahlukaniswe njengoba ezinye glycolysis umphumela ukuhlakazwa kuyakuba ngesimo ukushisa. Ukusabela Chemical ka glycolysis: S6N12O6 2ADF + + + 2F → 2S3N4O3 2ATF.

Ngo nemibandela ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo plant amaseli futhi imvubelo amaseli piruvirat ahlukaniselwe tincenye letimbili: utshwala ETHYL ne-carbon dioxide. Lona ukuvutshelwa oludakayo.

Inani amandla ezikhishwe phakathi glycolysis alwanele kulabo eziphilayo lapho ukuphefumula nomoya-mpilo. Yingakho imfuyo nabantu ukuzikhandla okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokomzimba bemisipha is kuhlelwe umqondo acidosis acid, usekhonza njengomshumayeli wesikhathi amandla umthombo isipele futhi aqoqana ngesimo lactate. Isici nobuntu le nqubo ukuvela ubuhlungu bemisipha.

I-oksijini esiteji

Dissimilation - kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, umoya-mpilo, isigaba sesithathu futhi siqukethe ukusabela emibili elandelanayo. Sikhuluma umjikelezo Krebs futhi phosphorylation oxidative.

Phakathi namachibi we piruvirata-mpilo ephefumulayo imikhiqizo yokugcina, okuyizinto CO2 kanye H2O. Lokhu kudedela amandla agcinwe ngendlela 36 ATP molecule. Khona-ke, lokhu amandla efanayo inikeza zamagama izinto eziningi eziphilayo isihenqo plastic. nesenzakalo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo lesi sinyathelo ngenxa ekuqongeleleni-mpilo yamangqamuzana emkhathini futhi ukubukeka eziphilayo aerobic.

Indawo phosphorylation oxidative (kwezimila yeselula) kukhona ulwelwesi sangaphakathi mitochondria, ezithinta Transporter yamangqamuzana ethwele ukuthuthwa electron kuma-mpilo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Amandla kukhiqizwa ngalesi sigaba sibizwa ekubhebhetselisa kancane ngesimo ukushisa, kanti bonke abanye uya ekwakhekeni ATP.

Dissimilation eziphilayo - kuba exchange amandla, ukusabela okuyinto kanje: S6N12O6 + 6O2 → 6SO2 + 6N2O 38ATF.

Ngakho, dissimilation - iqoqo ukusabela ezenzeka ngenxa izinto eziphilayo eziye ngaphambilini kuhlelwe umqondo ngu cell, kanye nomoya-mpilo khulula, okuyinto langena kusukela imvelo yangaphandle ngesikhathi emishinini yokuphefumula.