Amangqamuzana omuntu Denuclearized

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi lowo muntu eukaryote. Lokhu kusho ukuthi konke amaseli ayo organelles, okuyinto wonke ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo - ikhenela. Nokho, kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho. Kungakhathaliseki kukhona the human omzimba ngaphandle nuclei, futhi yini ukubaluleka kwabo ekuphileni?

amangqamuzana omuntu Denuclearized

Awakwazi kuqhathaniswa prokaryotes, kokuba isakhiwo ejwayelekile. Hlobo luni non-zenuzi amaseli? Kernel alikho egazi - amangqamuzana abomvu egazi. Esikhundleni organelles ziqukethe isethi eyinkimbinkimbi amakhemikhali, siyivumele ukuba imisebenzi ezibucayi. Ama-platelet I - platelet lymphocyte - futhi amaseli non-izikhali zenuzi. Kernel alikho cell, elibizwa ngokuthi ama-stem. Konke lokhu izakhiwo ihlanganisa esinye isibonakaliso. Ngenxa yokuthi abanalo core, abakwazi nokuzala. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaseli non-zenuzi, izibonelo zazo banikwa, ngemva kokwenza umsebenzi walo bayafa futhi abasha akhiqizwa izitho ezikhethekile.

erythrocyte

Yizo ezinquma umbala wegazi lethu. zamangqamuzana abomvu egazi Nuclear-free amangqamuzana egazi abomvu i ijamo okungavamile - disk biconcave, okwandisa kakhulu ezindaweni zawo ngosayizi elincane. Kodwa inani labo abatelekile: ngekota 1st. mm igazi labo isesikhathini 5 million! Ingqamuzana elibomvu legazi uhlala kuze kube izinyanga ezine, ngemva kwalokho esifa futhi neutralized e ubende kanye esibindini. amaseli okusha akhiwa ngomzuzwana in the red umnkantsha.

umsebenzi erythrocyte

Lokho, esikhundleni amaseli core aqukethe yenuzi-free? Lezi izinto abizwa ngokuthi i-heme futhi globin. Esokuqala yensimbi-aqukethe. Ngeke nje ibala igazi umbala obomvu, kodwa futhi lwakha kwakwakhe engazinzile umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide. Globin kuyinto into proteinaceous. Ngo-molecule ayo emikhulu heme ezithunyelwa equkethe icala yensimbi ion. On lo mshini wezenzo kula maseli ongaqhathaniswa itekisi. Amaphaphu inamathelisiwe umoya-mpilo. Njengoba egazini isakazekela wonke amaseli ukhululeka khona. Lapho umoya-mpilo iqhaza kwenzeka engokwemvelo inqubo namachibi ukukhulula ngenani elithile amandla uma umuntu ebhema ukusebenzisa umsebenzi. Endaweni engenalutho kuthatha ngokushesha isikhutha, okubangela ihamba kolunye uhlangothi - emaphashini, abese esikhiphela ngaphandle. Le nqubo kubalulekile ukuze siphile. Uma kungekho i-oksijini ihlinzekwa emangqamuzaneni, kuba yokuqothulwa yabo kancane kancane. Lokhu kungaba yingozi ngenxa yokuphila umzimba iyonke.

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi enze omunye umsebenzi obalulekile. On ulwelwesi amaprotheni yabo umaka libizwa RH isici. Lesi sibalo, kanye lwegazi, kubalulekile ngesikhathi ngaphandle kokumpontshelwa igazi, ukukhulelwa, blood donation nokuhlinzwa. It liyadingeka ukuze usethe, njengoba okuthiwa ukungqubuzana Rhesus kungenzeka uma ukungavumelani. Kuyinto yokusabela ukuzivikela, kodwa kungaholela nokwenqatshwa fetus noma izitho.

Ukungondleki kahle, imikhuba emibi, emoyeni ezingcoliswe kungadala ukucekeleka phansi kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu. Ngenxa yalokho kukhona isifo ezinzima othiwa anaemia noma unenkinga yegazi eliphansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lo muntu azizwa isiyezi, ubuthakathaka, iphika, tinnitus. Ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo kubathinta kabi umsebenzi ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo. Kuyingozi ikakhulukazi lezo ezimithi. Uma umzanyana ezingenzeka embungwini uthola umoya-mpilo ngokwanele, kungaholela thuthuva sina sokugcwaliseka kwaso.

Isakhiwo zegazi

Denuclearized amaseli platelet abizwa ngokuthi platelet. Lapho ngasebenzi, ngempela isimo flat efaniswe lens. Kodwa lapho bandisa umonakalo semithambo, oyindilinga akha protuberances angesiwo agcwele olwelwesini - pseudopodia. Ama-platelet I akhiqizwa umnkantsha futhi eyesikhashana - kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-10, zokuyithena e ubende.

Inqubo thrombus ukwakheka

Matrix platelet aqukethe i-enzyme okuthiwa thromboplastin. Uma wephula ubuqotho imithambo yegazi kuba plasma. Ngosizo lwawo igazi amaprotheni prothrombin ingena injalo esebenzayo yena, wenza ku fibrinogen. Ngenxa yalokho, lo ketshezi kuba zingaxazululeki. It ephenduka ibe fibrin amaprotheni. izindikimba zalo okwakuthandelene futhi yakha ihlule legazi. ukuphendula Avikelayo ukuvimbela ekunqandeni ukopha. Nokho, kumiswa ihlule legazi ngaphakathi isitsha kuyingozi kakhulu. Lokhu kungaholela ukudabuka yayo ngisho nokufa umzimba. Ukwephula inqubo ekunqandeni ngokuthi hemophilia. Lena isifo ngofuzo libhekene anenombolo enganele platelet futhi kuholele ekulahlekelweni ngokweqile wegazi.

ama-stem cell

La mangqamuzana abizwa ngokuthi stem yenuzi-free akusilo ize. Empeleni ngibabheka njengomndeni kukhona isisekelo bonke abanye. Zibizwa ngokuthi nangokuthi "okumsulwa zofuzo". Stem cells atholakala kuwo wonke izicubu kanye izitho, kodwa iningi labo iqukethe umnkantsha. Asiza ukubuyisela ubuqotho it is nomaphi lapho kwakunesidingo khona. Isiqu kukufake yimuphi omunye izinhlobo cell e nokubhujiswa kwabo. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi uma kukhona ezifana imilingo indlela umuntu engase aphile ngisho kuze kube phakade. Kungani lo ayenzeki? Into wukuthi ngeminyaka, ukushuba kwamangqamuzana of stem cells ancipha kakhulu. Ziyakwazi kakade ayikwazi kabusha izicubu. Kodwa kukhona enye ingozi. Kukhona amathuba omkhulu ukuthi ama-stem cell e umdlavuza, okuyinto nakanjani kuyoholela kokufa iyiphi eziphilayo.

Non-zenuzi amaseli: izibonelo nezici abanohlonze

Ubunjalo amaseli non-zenuzi zihlale lalivamile. Ngokwesibonelo, prokaryotic kukhona ulwelwe oluluhlaza namagciwane. Kodwa, ngokungafani kuya amangqamuzana omuntu-non-zenuzi, bona ningafi nangemuva kokwenza indima oyizalayo. Iqiniso lokuthi prokaryotes ube izinhlayiya eziyisisekelo zofuzo. Ngakho Bayakwazi ukwehlukana okwenzeka ngo mitosis. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa amakhophi amabili kwezakhi iseli umzali. Imininingwane Ukubambezeleka emelelwa prokaryotes annular DNA ukuthi kabili ngaphambi division. Lokhu Analogue ikhenela libizwa nucleoid. Ngo izitshalo okungezona yenuzi kukhona zamangqamuzana aphilayo ayizinhlobo izicubu semithambo - amashubhu ngesihlungo.

Ngakho, amangqamuzana omuntu-non-zenuzi azikwazi ukuhlukanisa, ngalokho-ke bayibiza khona isikhathi esifushane ukuze yenze imisebenzi yayo. Ngemva kwalokho eza ukubhujiswa kwabo futhi ukugaya intracellular. Bona akhiwa izakhi (amangqamuzana abomvu egazi), izinhlayiya zegazi (izinhlayiya zegazi) futhi ekunqandeni amaseli.