Umbuso izitshalo: izibonelo, izigaba ehlelekile eziyisisekelo futhi izici isakhiwo sabo

Qhathanisa ehlelekile izigaba umbuso isitshalo, ukunikeza izibonelo zalezi zinto, ucacise izici izakhiwo zabo ... Uma une nobunzima ekwenziweni le misebenzi, i-athikili yethu kuzokusiza uqonde le nkinga.

Izimpawu zombuso isitshalo

Zonke izinto eziphilayo ezihlala kule planethi yethu, ososayensi baye bahlanganyela embusweni nemvelo. Izitshalo, izibonelo zazo sizoxoxa ngani kulesi sihloko, kufanele izici zawo siqu ehlukile. Okokuqala, kuba indlela Autotrophic ukudla. izitshalo kuphela akwazi izinto eziphilayo futhi i-oksijini evela amanzi nesikhutha ebukhoneni elangeni. Indawo lapho photochemical le nqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi okuthiwa i-photosynthesis, ahlaza isitshalo cell organelles - chloroplast.

Izici nobuntu amalungu alolu umbuso unamathele yokuphila, ukukhula angenamkhawulo, okuyinto kuqhubeka njalo ukuphila, futhi ukuba khona isitashi carbohydrate njengoba izakhi obambele.

isitshalo systematics

search izinhlelo zombuso izitshalo, izibonelo zazo ezocatshangelwa yithi okwengeziwe, zisekelwe nesakhiwo jikelele we izimpawu. Babeqale ehlangana ngamaqembu amabili: engenhla nengezansi yakhe. umzimba lokuqala yakhiwa namangqamuzana akhethekile eminingi, okuyinto musa akha izicubu, ngokuthi thallus. A ephakeme akheke eziyinkimbinkimbi iqabunga futhi stem.

izitshalo aphansi

Lona eziningi eziphilayo elula ukuthi bamele umbuso izitshalo. Izibonelo zazo zaziwa kubo bonke. Lokhu kelp, noma izimila zasolwandle, sorgassum, chlamydomonas, ulothrix, Volvox, Spirogyra. Phakathi kwabo kukhona eziphilayo olulodwa, amaningi futhi wamakoloni. Bonke bahlala amanzi. Ngaphandle nje kokuthi thallus ukuthi undifferentiated umzimba ulwelwe, banayo rhizoids. Letakhi kuthiwa ngokwengxenye enze umsebenzi we izimpande, kodwa musa akha izicubu kuka, futhi zihluke kubo. Njengoba amanzi kwayona isekela uhlobo thallus, ulwelwe Awekho izicubu lokukhanda.

izitshalo ephakeme

Izitshalo ezakha izicubu yangempela futhi izitho, abizwa ngokuthi ephakeme. abameleli babo lokuqala owavela emanzini ukuze izwe, kukhona abamele spore. It wona, club wona, horsetails futhi Izinhlobo. Kunalokho rhizoids ezinye zazo avele uhlelo impande lunemicu okwandisa ugongolo kwi Ushintshe yokuphunyuka ngomshoshaphansi. Bona ukukhiqiza kabusha by yokuzala asexual kwamaseli - ezinhlamvu. Esinye isici alternation izizukulwane empilweni umjikelezo yabo. kuba nzima ngokwengeziwe ukuthola imbewu izitshalo, ke wabanika ithuba ukuze linqobe iplanethi.

Umbuso izitshalo: izibonelo kanye ngezigaba

Lokusakaza kusetshenziswa imbewu unikeza izitshalo amaningi okuthi ukusinda nangaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle ndawo. Cabanga ngesibonelo sika-ikakhulukazi AmaConifers. Ziyakwazi abamele uMnyango Gymnosperms. sici alandisa kuba phambi amahlamvu mncane futhi izinaliti of resin Amapayipi ebhuthini. A yesiteleka - indawo imbewu ku Isigaxa izikali angenalutho noma evulekile. Yingakho igama lalowo wabo. Yiqiniso, ngokuba okushisa aphansi noma ukuntuleka kwamanzi, abazi zonke ziqhume. Kodwa, ngokungafani kuya ingxabano, imbewu izakhiwo ezinamangqamuzana amaningi futhi ube nezakhi ezisele - endosperm.

Ngaphakathi a khundla kunenzuzo ngaphezulu angiosperms. Bakha imbali nezithelo, okuyinto ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuvuthwa of imbewu. Lesi sakhiwo ukhonza i ukuvikelwa okungeziwe, umthombo ukushisa namandla. umnyango Angiosperms ihlanganisa izigaba ezimbili: One-futhi Dicotyledons. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka abe cotyledon esisodwa-embryo yoke, uhlelo impande lunemicu amahlamvu elula eqondile. Lezi zihlanganisa umndeni okusanhlamvu, onion Liliaceae. Bonke bangabangasokile izitshalo herbaceous ngenxa yokuntuleka cambium - ohlangothini lendwangu zemfundo. ihlukahluke futhi bipartite eziningi. Ngaphandle inani cotyledons ihlukanisa kubo uhlelo Taproot, kokubili amahlamvu eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi elula, ukuba khona cambium. Phakathi kwabo kukhona amakhambi nezihlahla nemithi. Bangabaholi kabanzi kunazo Plant Kingdom. Izibonelo ezivamile - kuyinto Rosaceae, Iklabishi, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, Bean.

Inani abamele umbuso isitshalo

Inani lonke abameleli isitshalo kunzima overestimate, ngoba ukunikeza zonke izinto eziphilayo isimo ezidingekile ekuphileni - umoya-mpilo. Ulwelwe kukhona indaba kokuqala ukwenziwa izinto eziphila abakhuthele, izidakamizwa, izithasiselo zokudla kanye udayi. Gymnosperms eyaziwa ngokuba khona ukukhiqizwa oluyingozi nezinkuni ezibalulekile. Umuntu edla izithelo nezingxenye zezimbali.

Ngakho, umbuso izitshalo, izibonelo kanye nezici ehlelekile zazo okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko, ezahlukene wokwehlayo eqondile yentuthuko, ukwehluka futhi kudlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yale planethi.