Indlela hlola Transistor

Ezweni ubuchwepheshe besimanje ngeke akwenze ngaphandle transistors. Eza ezihlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe, bona ingatholakala amafoni, imisakazo, ama-computer kanye nezimoto. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona isidingo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwabo, bese ewusizo ukwazi ukuthi ukuhlola Transistor futhi ukuthi lokhu kudinga. Indaba okusesihlokweni esithi uqokomisa inkinga.

Transistors nezinhlobo

Le divayisi kuyinto isisetjenziswa se-elektroniki, esetshenziswa ukuze uthuthukise isignali yasekuqaleni electroschemes. Yenziwe Semiconductor izinto. Kunezinhlobo 2 izinhlobo of transistors: ensimini voltage okuguquguqukayo, kungukuthi elawulwa futhi zamanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba umthombo mncane futhi enamandla, ongaphakeme futhi imvamisa high. Ziyahlukahluka kuye ngobukhulu futhi yezakhiwo.

Ngokuvamile lapho ebhekisela ezinhlekeleleni transistors okuguquguqukayo kusho izinhlobo zabo, zakhiwe germanium noma silicon. Zibizwa ngokuthi okuguquguqukayo ngoba asebenza nge-electron (icala abathwali) futhi izimbobo. Omunye izindawo Transistor esisogwini emaphethelweni, ngokuthi emitter, Lesisemkhatsini - isizinda, kanye nezinye, futhi esisogwini emaphethelweni - ngalendoda. Kusukela electrode 3 kudala PN inguqulelo 2: ngalendoda ngokufanele phakathi ngalendoda futhi base, futhi emitter okuyinto ixhunywe phakathi emitter futhi base. I Transistor kungenzeka we "ku" isimo futhi "off", futhi kwathatha phakathi kwabo Kwenziwa esebenzisa yezinzwa.

The main injongo transistors - isizukulwane, okhulisa nokuguqulwa oscillations kagesi. Kodwa, njengoba kunoma iyiphi idivayisi yomsebenzi, Transistor lungaphela. Udinga ukwazi ukuthi ukuhlola Transistor kumphumela ukuba evumelekile. Ngenxa yale njongo multimeters.

Ihlola Transistor umhloli

Multimeter (aka Tester) - liyithuluzi ekhethekile elihlangene, ngawo ukuqhuba umsebenzi kagesi. Sihlanganisa imisebenzi eminingana: njengoba ubuncane ihlanganisa ammeter, voltmeter, ohmmeter. Kukhona zombili analog amadivayisi obuchwepheshe, ukukhanya, ephathekayo futhi umile, elihlanganisa eziningi amathuba.

Imitha - idivaysi ulandisa indlela ukuhlola Transistor futhi wenze kucace. Tester evumela lelincane ngalokuvamile ongaphakeme ukumelana yokulinganisa wesifunda, i-alamu ikhala, umsindo noma ukukhanya.

Ngaphambi kokuhlola ukuthi inqubo, indlela ukuhlola umhloli Transistor, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi la mathuluzi zihlukaniswe 2 izinhlobo ngokuvumelana ilungiselelo izingqimba nge conductivity ezahlukene. Ngakho kukhona Semiconductors nge conductivity electronic (pnp), futhi p-uhlobo Semiconductors (p-).

Ukuze ukuhlole ukungawi inguquko ngqo base ukuxhuma "lokususa" imitha futhi emitter futhi ngalendoda bazabela ukuxhuma "plus". ukushintsha isikhundla "lokususa" futhi "plus" reverse Ukumelana kukalwa. Ukuze ulinganise ukumelana inguqulelo pnp usuphinda efanayo, kodwa preliminarily ekushintsheni polarity. Phakathi isheke ushintsho kusukela kumila kuya emitter futhi ngalendoda kumelwe prozvanivatsya ohlangothini 1 kuphela.

Kusukela multimeter ukuhlola Transistor kungaba, kodwa akukuniki isiqinisekiso eliphelele ukuseviswa zedivayisi, ngoba ngokuqiniseka okukhulu kufanele ukuqhuba Ukubuyekeza yayo imodi asebenzayo. Kulokhu, umphumela uyoba eziqinile.

Futhi okwamanje: kanjani ukuhlola Transistor futhi ngaba nokuzethemba imiphumela? Ngo amadivayisi okuguquguqukayo ukuze kube lula, ungathola for the nozakwabo diode ngamunye ukuhwebelana yayo, ngemva kokuhlola ukuseviswa yabo. Kukhona transistors enamandla ezifaka phakathi emitter futhi ngalendoda we damper umzimba diode, futhi phakathi isizinda kanye emitter - a Resistor zokuzivikela. Lapho imitha ngasiphi polarity lokhu Transistor kuyoba ukumelana ohms kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi amathathu kuya ezingamashumi ayisihlanu, nokuphakama prozvanivatsya phakathi emitter futhi ngalendoda kuzokwenza njengoba diode. Lokhu kufakazela ukuseviswa izingxenye.