Abducens: incazelo anatomy, imisebenzi kanye nezici

Abducens ezimayelana apharathasi ulawula ukunyakaza kwamehlo. indima yakhe lapho awunzima kangangokuthi njengoba oculomotor, kodwa endabeni ukulahlekelwa umsebenzi, ikhono lokubona ngezinga elithile elahlekile. Ukuze amehlo ukunyakaza friendly kumelwe abe nemisipha eziyisithupha ukuthi innervated ngu nezinzwa ezintathu cranial.

nokwakheka

Abducens iphathelene okumsulwa motor izinzwa. Iqala nucleus, okuyinto Itholakala ubuchopho obuphakathi. Ukotini Wekhethelo kuye ngaphesheya kwebhuloho phansi kwamanzi basal zobuchopho futhi udlulele e emseleni phakathi le Pons kanye mbhoshongo, ise oblongata medulla.

ukudlula izinqubo Core ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi lwesisu, kwenze ubuchopho futhi ku itheku cavernous. Lapho, le micu ohlangothini elingaphandle Umthambo carotid. Ngemva ezinzwa kwesokunxele itheku, ungena ku elingenhla ZaseLaki esemkhathini futhi ekugcineni iwela orbit. Abducens innervates imisipha eyodwa kuphela - lelicondzile.

umsebenzi

Abducens ikunikeza umsebenzi owodwa, okuyinto wenza imisipha innervated yibo, futhi kususa iso phandle. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba uqalaza, ngaphandle ebheka. Kanye lokhu imisipha iyona omelene yangaphakathi rectus imisipha esweni ukuthi ukudansela isiginci sakhe yeso sikhungo, bebheke ekhaleni. Bona khansela nomunye ngaphandle.

Nokho, nge ukunqotshwa omunye wabo, kukhona convergent noma strabismus etshiyeneyo, njengoba imisipha enempilo ukuze abuse futhi ukuzisika, ukushintshanisa yeso ohlangothini lwakhe. Abducens kabili, ngakho-ke wanikeza friendly iso ukunyakaza futhi umbono Binocular.

cwaningo

Hlola abducens zihlukanisiwe nabanye abantu futhi yenza umsebenzi wayo ngaso esigabeni samanje yentuthuko imithi akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, neurologists futhi bamehlo wahlola kanye njalo ezintathu izinzwa: oculomotor, esidayisa futhi block. Lokhu kunikeza isithombe egcwele ukunqotshwa.

Ngokuvamile iqala izikhalazo umbono double, okuyinto Kuba njalo nakakhulu uma ebuka ohlangothini ethintekile. Khona-ke kukhona kuhlolwe ngamehlo sobuso lesiguli ukuze kutholakale wesimethri yayo, khona ukuvuvukala, ububomvu, kanye nezinye izenzo ukuvuvukala. Ngemva kwalokho, ucwaningo ehlukile iso protrusion noma sihoxise lokhu kwaziswa inhlamvu yeso, ptosis leso elingenhla.

Ukuqhathanisa ububanzi edingekayo balezi zingane futhi ukusabela kwabo ukukhanya (noma cha obunobungane), Kuhlangana kanye yokuhlala. Kuhlangana - ikhono ukugxila izinto eduze. Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi, ipeni lomsizi noma isando ukulethe ekhaleni. Ngokuvamile abafundi kufanele ayisesemikhulu. cwaningo yokuhlala kwenziwa ngeso ngalunye ngokuhlukile, kodwa ngokuya amasu, lisikhumbuza hlola Kuhlangana.

Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye zonke lezi manipulations kwangaphambilini uhlole ukuthi isiguli sine-squint. Futhi uma kunjalo, ukuthi sasiyini. Khona-ke cela umuntu ukuba unake out ithiphu isando zezinzwa. Lokhu kuvumela ukuba anqume inani ukunyakazisa zamehlo. Ukwabela isando e amaphuzu okwedlulele emkhakheni buka bese ebambe khona kulesi sikhundla, udokotela wenza ukubukeka nystagmus ovundlile. Uma isiguli sine-pathology kohlelo iso imisipha, lo-nystagmus sokugembula (ezincane enezingqimba noma mpo eye movement) kanye ngeke bathathe isikhathi eside.

Ukunqotshwa kwe-abducens

Njengoba aziwa kakade, emsipheni ephakamisa amehlo unesibopho kufika ithuba lika-yeso kwangaphandle kusuka ekhaleni. Ukwephula emsipheni conduction kuholela ukuphazamiseka ukuhamba imisipha lateral oqondile. Lokhu kubangela convergent strabismus ngenxa yokuthi imisipha yangaphakathi ukudansela isiginci sakhe yeso. Emtholampilo, kudala umbono double noma ngendlela yesayensi, diplopia. Uma isiguli uzama ukubheka ohlangothini ethintekile, lokhu uphawu liyakhuphuka.

Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona nezinye izenzakalo sokugembula. Ngokwesibonelo, inzululwane, Gait nasiphazamiso orientation emkhathini. Ukuze ubone kahle, iziguli bathambekele ukumboza iso nesineke. Ukunqotshwa abducens kuphela kukalutshwana kakhulu, njengoba umthetho, zokugula kuhlanganiswe.

Nuclear nokukhubazeka neuropathy

Peripheral abducens esigabeni yayo circumferential kwenzeka e-meningitis, ukuvuvukala sinuses paranasal, cavernous itheku thrombosis, aneurysms intracranial ingxenye Umthambo carotid noma posterior ukuxhumana Umthambo, waphuka base skull noma izimila esemkhathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela anobuthi e botulism futhi idiphtheria ingase ilimaze izakhiwo kuhlanganise nezinzwa cranial ubuchopho,. ukukhubazeka Flaccid ka abducens kungenzeka njengakulolu mastoiditis. Iziguli waphawula Gradenigo syndrome: abducens paresis esweni ngokuhlanganyela ubuhlungu ngesikhathi indawo ophumayo kwegatsha frontal we emsipheni trigeminal.

Ngokuvamile, ukwephula yenuzi kwenzeka ngokumelene isizinda encephalitis, neurosyphilis, yi-multiple sclerosis, ukopha, izimila noma ukuphazamiseka kwempilo ezingamahlalakhona of kwegazi cerebral palsy. Kusukela ukuxoshwa kanye nerve ebusweni zitholakala side by side, ukunqotshwa eyodwa, kubangela zokugula nasemazweni angomakhelwane. Kukhona okuthiwa kushintshana fauvillers syndrome (paresis sobuso imisipha ohlangothini ethintekile uphinde wehlise ukunyakaza e enye ingxenye ohlangothini isiqu).

zamazwe amabili ukuzibandakanya

Paresis we abducens nhlangothi zombili wabonakaliswa convergent strabismus. Lesi simo kwenzeka kaningi kakhulu ukwanda ingcindezi intracranial. Uma inani oludakayo ngokweqile, lokho kungase kube dislocation zobuchopho, okungukuthi, le ndaba ngokucindezela zobuchopho emthambekeni ngasesinqeni Yekhanda. Esimeni esinjalo lalingabulawa kalula jeza abducens. Ubathola nje kule ndawo zitholakala phezu ephansi zobuchopho futhi cishe akukho evikelwe.

Kunezinye ubuchopho dislocation abonisa nezimpawu ezifanayo:
- indentation idlala occipito-wesibeletho Dura uphondo;
- impaction we cerebellum ebuchosheni nezinye useyili.

Ababona iyahambisana ukuphila, kuyoba njalo nokuba khona umonakalo abducens - ke isitatimende Pathoanatomical. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumelwe kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngobuthakathaka lateral rectus kwemisipha - ke ingenye izimpawu myasthenia gravis.