Abamba Ukushisa negesi - Le ... GHG Emkhathini

I-greenhouse gas - inhlanganisela amagesi eziningana esobala asemkhathini ukuthi musa kakhulu ukudlula emisebeni ezishisayo emhlabeni. Kukhula lokuhlushwa liholela kulesi global futhi engelapheki kwesimo sezulu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana main amagesi abamba ukushisa. Ubuningi asemkhathini ngamunye wabo e nethonya lazo umphumela ezishisayo.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu

Kunezinhlobo eziningana izinto gaseous okuqondene ezibaluleke kakhulu amagesi abamba ukushisa:

• umhwamuko;
• carbon dioxide;
• i-nitrous oxide;
• methane;
• CFCs;
• PFCs (perfluorocarbons);
• HFCs (hydrofluorocarbons);
• SF6 (sulphur hexafluoride).

Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 izinhlobo yamagesi abangela Isivuvu. Ithonya Lako izinqubo ezishisayo Umhlaba izinto kunethonya kuye ngenani futhi amandla ngamunye impendulo-molecule. Ngu ubunjalo nesenzakalo kwamagesi abamba ukushisa emkhathini sehlukaniswe yemvelo kanye yabantu.

umhwamuko

Inkolelo evamile i-greenhouse gas kuyinto umhwamuko. Inani lalo e-umoya mkhulu lokuhlushwa-carbon dioxide. Umhwamuko kuyinto odabuka yemvelo: izici zangaphandle abakwazi ukwandisa ithonya lawo imvelo. Lawula eziningana eziphendulwa amanzi molecule ahwamukayo lokushisa izilwandle futhi emoyeni.

izakhiwo ezibalulekile sici Umhwamuko uhamba - ukuhlanekezela ukuhlanganisa omuhle nge-carbon dioxide. Litholakala ukuthi Isivuvu, senziwa ukukhululwa kwe-carbon dioxide luyanda mayelana kabili ngenxa ithonya ukuhwamuka zishintshe amanzi.

Ngakho, umhwamuko njengoba Igesi ebamba ukushisa - elinamandla kulethe yabantu sezulu ukufudumala. Ukuze uhlole nethonya layo abamba ukushisa kuyinto izinqubo kuphela lihambisana property uxhumano omuhle ne-carbon dioxide. Ngu uqobo, ngentukuthelo amanzi aliholeli izinguquko emhlabeni jikelele.

carbon dioxide

It unendima aholayo phakathi amagesi abamba ukushisa Lokudabuka yabantu. Sekutholakele ukuthi cishe 65% of the ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke ngenxa ukwanda komoya-carbon dioxide e ozungeze umhlaba. Isici esiyinhloko okwandisa lokuhlushwa igesi Yiqiniso, ukukhiqizwa imisebenzi yabantu lobuchwepheshe.

Okokhelekayo omlilo eza kuqala kokwami (86% wenani isikhutha esiphumela emoyeni) phakathi imithombo ekushayweni carbon dioxide emoyeni. Ukuze uthole ezinye izizathu zihlanganisa ukushiswa biomass - ikakhulukazi amahlathi - nentuthu oyikhiphayo ezimbonini.

Carbon-greenhouse gas - iyona ngempumelelo kakhulu ukushayela force yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Uma emkhathini carbon dioxide kwenza ibanga elide kulo lonke Icwele. Isikhathi esidingekayo ukuze ususe 65% we-carbon dioxide kusukela isikhwama somoya ibizwa ngokuthi inkathi ngempumelelo sokuhlala. Abamba ukushisa emkhathini njengoba carbon dioxide egcinwe 50-200 s. Kuyinto isikhathi eziphakeme khona i-carbon dioxide imvelo kudlala indima ebalulekile Isivuvu.

methane

Emkhathini izindlela zemvelo kanye yabantu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lokuhlushwa salo amanani ephansi kakhulu-carbon dioxide, i-methane izenzo njengoba ebalulekile i-greenhouse gas. 1 i-methane-molecule is esikalini indlela leli Isivuvu unamandla izikhathi 25 kuka-carbon dioxide-molecule.

Okwamanje, umkhathi iqukethe mayelana 20% i-methane (kusukela ngo-100% we amagesi abamba ukushisa). Eyayenziwe methane ingena emkhathini emoyeni kusukela yokukhiqiza. Igesi yemvelo ukwakheka indlela kubhekwa noqhekeko ngokweqile izinto eziningi eziphilayo futhi amandla omlilo ngokweqile ihlathi wezinto zokubasa.

I-nitric oxide (I)

i-nitrous oxide kubhekwa njengento lwesithathu ebaluleke kakhulu i-greenhouse gas. Lokhu kwaziswa kunomthelela ongemuhle ku ungqimba lwe-ozone. It is kwathola ukuthi abangaba 6% of the Amagesi eyabangela le monovalent nitrogen oxide. Compound usebenza namandla izikhathi 250 kuka-carbon dioxide.

Dinitrogen monoxide livela emkhathini woMhlaba ngendlela engokwemvelo. It has a inhlangano omuhle nge ungqimba lwe-ozone: aba maningi lokuhlushwa oxide, ayanda degree yembubhiso. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kongqimba lwe-ozone izinqubo kunciphisa Isivuvu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, emisebeni enemisebe kuyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Iqhaza we-ozone e kwembulunga inqubo global sifundwa kanye imibono lochwepheshe ngale ndaba zihlukaniswe.

PFCs futhi HFCs

Hydrocarbon nge esikhundleni olungaphelele sasekhaya kule ukwakheka kwama-molecule - a amagesi abamba ukushisa labhalwa umuntu. Umthelela izinto ezinjalo ku ukufudumala izinqubo global ndawonye imayelana 6%.

PFCs emkhathini okuphumela ukukhiqizwa aluminium, zikagesi futhi kumakhemikhali awuketshezi ezihlukahlukene izinto. HFCs ayizakhi lapho hydrogen kancane sithathelwe indawo halogens. Asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni futhi aerosols ukufaka esikhundleni i-ozone bawuphundle izinto. Yiba okusezingeni eliphezulu global ukufudumala ezingaba, kodwa iphephe kuwo emkhathini Womhlaba.

sulphur hexafluoride

Isetshenziswa njengesici ukwahlukanisa kwento kagesi amandla umkhakha. Uxhumano isikhathi eside bathambekele iqhubeka emkhathini, okuholela ukumuncwa eside futhi olubanzi infrared. Ngisho esincane sulphur hexafluoride kakhulu ezithinta isimo sezulu esikhathini esizayo.

Amagesi abamba Ukushisa Emkhathini

Inqubo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni hhayi kuphela emhlabeni, kodwa Venus esilandelayo. nomkhathi wawo okwamanje yenziwe yonke ngamafayela we-carbon dioxide, eye kwaholela ekwandeni kwezinga lokushisa kwamanzi 475 degrees. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukugwema nxi umhlaba wamelekelela izilwandle: ingxenye amunce isikhutha, zisiza ukuqeda zikuthola emoyeni kuma.

Amagesi abamba ukushisa wokufinyelela emkhathini block emisebeni ezishisayo, okuyinto kuholela ekwandeni kwezinga lokushisa emhlabeni. Ukufudumala komhlaba kungaholela emiphumeleni engathí sina ngesimo okwandisa ndawo kwezilwandle, njalo izinhlekelele zemvelo futhi kwezulu. Ngaphansi usongo lokuba khona eziningi zezinto eziphilayo ezindaweni ezisogwini kanye iziqhingi.

Ngo-1997, i-UN bamukela-Kyoto Protocol, okuyinto yakhelwe ukulawula inani kwekhabhoni endaweni isimo ngasinye. Zemvelo zikholelwa ukuthi akukhona ukuxazulula ngokuphelele inkinga yokufudumala kwembulunga yonke kuphumelele kakade, kodwa kakhulu nokunciphisa izinqubo eziqhubekayo kungenzeka.

izindlela komkhawulo

Kogesi wendlwana evikela izithombo zingancishiswa ngokulandela imithetho embalwa:

• ukuyeka ukusebenzisa kahle kwamandla kagesi;
• ukwandisa nekusebenta imithombo yemvelo;
• ukwandisa isibalo amahlathi, ngesikhathi ukuvimbela ukusha kwamahlathi;
• ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe imvelo ekukhiqizeni;
• ukwethula ukusetshenziswa kubakhiqizi abakhiqiza imithombo energy noma neuglerodovodorodnyh.

Greenhouse gases kuthiwa sasikhipha eRussia ngokuqondene namandla isizukulwane ebanzi, izimayini kanye nokuthuthukisa umkhakha.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko isayensi kokusungulwa kanye nokwethulwa zokubasa ahlanzekile, ukuthuthukiswa indlela entsha ekucubunguleni okulahlwayo. kabusha kancane kancane amazinga ukukhiqizwa, control esiqinile we sphere lobuchwepheshe kanye nenhlonipho ngamunye imvelo ungakwazi kakhulu ukunciphisa kwekhabhoni. Ukufudumala komhlaba akulona kugwenywe, kodwa inqubo amenable ngaphezulu ukulawula.