Ababecabanga yezinkanyezi - Iyini?

Astronomy - omunye sciences endala. Abantu kusukela kudala balandela ukuhamba zezulu. ababecabanga yezinkanyezi ngesikhathi wasiza ukuzulazula sezwe, kanye zazidingeka ukuze kwakhiwe izinhlelo zefilosofi nezenkolo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kuningi osekushintshile. Astronomy ekugcineni wadedelwa ukuziqhelelanisa ukubhula ngezinkanyezi, uye Nithole ulwazi olunzulu futhi amandla obuchwepheshe. Nokho, ababecabanga yezinkanyezi, senziwa Earth noma emkhathini - namanje eyodwa yezindlela eziyinhloko yokuthola imininingwane ngale isayensi. Kushintshwe izindlela zokuqoqa ulwazi, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo wahlala inqubo efanayo.

Uyini ababecabanga yezinkanyezi?

Kunobufakazi ukuphakamisa ukuthi ulwazi oluyisisekelo ezinyakazayo wezimiso zenyanga ilanga abantu kwakusadingeka zangenkathi nezakudala. Ekuqhubeni Hipparchus nekaPtolemy basikisela ukuthi ulwazi izinkanyiso ezazidingeka, futhi endulo, bakhokha kakhulu ukunakwa. Ngaleso sikhathi nangemva kwenkathi ende ababecabanga yezinkanyezi isifundo esiphathelene esibhakabhakeni ebusuku futhi ukulungisa lokho akubona ephepheni noma, ngaphezulu nje, indaba emfushane.

Kuze Renaissance ososayensi abasizi saleli cala kuphela imishini eyisisekelo kunazo. A esibalulekile idatha zitholakala ngemva kokusungulwa kwesibonakude. Njengoba nezithuthukisi ukunemba kwayo okwandisiwe ulwazi etholakale. Nokho, nganoma yimuphi level kungenzeka kwaba entuthukweni yezobuchwepheshe, observation yezinkanyezi - lokhu kuyindlela eyinhloko ukuqoqa ulwazi mayelana izinto ezingcwele. Ngokuthakazelisayo, lokhu kubuye yezindawo womsebenzi yesayensi, elahlekile ukuhlobana ezisetshenzisiwe kwenkathi wentuthuko engokwesayensi kuze, okungukuthi, okwashiwo ngeso lenyama noma usebenzisa umshini elula.

ngezigaba

Namuhla observation yezinkanyezi - kuba isigaba ebanzi yezenzo. Faka kusigaba kubo kungaba ngezizathu eziningana:

• amalungu afanelekayo;
• ubunjalo idatha aqoshiwe;
• indawo.

Esimweni sokuqala isehlane kokuma zochwepheshe nabasafunda. Idatha etholwe kule ukukhanya njalo kunazo zibhaliswe ebonakalayo noma ezinye emisebeni kagesi, kuhlanganise infrared kanye ultraviolet. Ulwazi kuleli cala ingatholakala kwezinye izimo, kuphela ebusweni iplanethi yethu, noma nje isuke endaweni ngaphandle emkhathini: ngesisekelo ukukhululwa wesithathu ababecabanga yezinkanyezi senziwa Earth noma emkhathini.

astronomy amateur

Ubuhle isayensi yezinkanyezi nezinye izindikimba zasezulwini yokuthi kuba - omunye ambalwa ngokoqobo idinga ukuba abayithandayo asebenzayo futhi indefatigable imvelo kubantukazana. Inombolo enkulu amasayithi azinake njalo, siba kwedlanzana lososayensi bekwi-nezindaba ezinzima kakhulu. Ngoba lonke ababecabanga yezinkanyezi of eduze-Earth isikhala zithwalwe abalandeli.

Umnikelo abantu abacabanga astronomy yabo umdlalo, ngempela obonakalayo kuleli isayensi. Kuze phakathi neminyaka eyishumi edlule yekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abantu abangaphezu kwengxenye lezinkanyezi ezinomsila Kwatholakala nje nayizimfundamakhwela. Ngo izithakazelo zabo ucwaningo futhi ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa variable izinkanyezi observation okusha kokulandela cula izindikimba zasezulwini asteroyidi. Lesi sakamuva okwamanje umsebenzi othembisayo kakhulu futhi ethandwa. Ngokuphathelene entsha bese supernovae, ngokuvamile abakubona kuqala kubo kuba izazi zezinkanyezi eziyizimfundamakhwela.

Izinketho kokuma amateur

astronomy Amateur ingahlukaniswa izindawo ezihlobene eduze:

• Visual astronomy. Lezi zihlanganisa observation yezinkanyezi ngokusebenzisa izibonakude, isibonakude noma nqunu iso. Injongo eyinhloko emisebenzini efana nale, njengoba umthetho, ukuthola injabulo ithuba lokubheka ukuhamba izinkanyezi, kanye inqubo ngokwalo. Nehlumela ezithakazelisayo zalesi mkhuba - "eGandaywe" astronomy: abanye abalandeli athathe izibonakude zabo emgwaqeni futhi wacela bonke abafuna zibabaza yezinkanyezi, amaplanethi futhi the Moon.
• Astrophotography. Inhloso yalesi isiqondiso - ukuhlinzeka izithombe enezithombe ezisemkhathini izakhi zabo.
• Telescope ukwenziwa. Kwesinye isikhathi kuyadingeka optical amathuluzi, izibonakude kanye izesekeli, abalandeli zenziwa kusuka ekuqaleni. Ezimweni eziningi, isibonakude ukwenza ukuba umphelelisi imishini ekhona nge izesekeli ezintsha.
• Ucwaningo. Ezinye izazi zezinkanyezi amateur ukufuna ngaphandle injabulo yobuhle ukuthola okuthile okuncane okwengeziwe eziphathekayo. Basuke benza ekuhloleni asteroyidi, eziguquguqukayo, novae futhi supernovae, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye Meteor izihlambi. Ngezikhathi phakathi njalo futhi onzima okutholakele elibukelayo zenziwa. Kuyinto lokhu umsebenzi izazi zezinkanyezi eziyizimfundamakhwela iletha umnikelo enkulu kwezesayensi.

Imisebenzi ochwepheshe

Izazi zezinkanyezi ochwepheshe emhlabeni wonke ube imishini ungcono nayizimfundamakhwela. Izinselelo ezibhekene nabo, zidinga ngokunemba high e ukuqoqwa kolwazi, esebenza kahle amathuluzi zezibalo nokuchazwa futhi ukuqagela. Maphakathi umsebenzi ochwepheshe, njengoba umthetho, abasakwazi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngokuvamile izinto ezikude kanye izenzakalo. Ngokuvamile, expanses ka ukuhlola umkhathi evumela ukuba asikhanyisele imithetho ezithile zomkhathi, ukucacisa, umphelelisi noma ukuphikisa kwaqanjwa theory ngemvelaphi yayo, isakhiwo kanye esizayo.

Ukwahlukanisa ngohlobo Imininingwane

Ukuqaphelwa kuyisayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi, njengoba sekushiwo, kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe ne nenkanuko edlulele emisebeni ezahlukene. Kulesi sisekelo kukhona ezindaweni ezilandelayo:

• Astronomy Optical iphenya emisebeni ku uhla ebonakalayo;
• astronomy infrared;
• astronomy ultraviolet;
• yezinkanyezi;
• -X-ray yezinkanyezi;
• gamma-ray astronomy.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isiqondiso kwale sayensi abelwe futhi okwashiwo okuhambisanayo ongakaphathelani emisebeni kagesi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa neutrino neutrino emisebeni ukutadisha imithombo ezisemkhathini ka okudonsa-wave nesayensi kwamaplanethi.

Ebusweni

Ingxenye imihlola wafunda kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi ayatholakala ucwaningo ezindaweni zokucwaninga phansi ezisekelwe. ababecabanga yezinkanyezi emhlabeni ezihlobene ekutadisheni trajectories mayelana nezinto zasemkhathini, nesilinganiso ibanga emkhathini, izinkanyezi, nenkanuko edlulele yezinye izinhlobo zobu-ngemisebe umsakazo amagagasi, nokunye. Ngaphambi kwenkathi ukuhlola umkhathi, izazi zezinkanyezi zazikwazi kuphela yaneliswa ulwazi etholakale ngaphansi kwezimo kule planethi yethu. Futhi kwakwanele ukwakha umbono umsuka kanye kwemvelo yonke, ukuthola imithetho eziningi ezikhona endaweni yonke.

Umhlaba High ngenhla

Nge satellite uqalisa okokuqala enkathini entsha kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi. Idatha eqoqwe yinoma mkhathi, zibalulekile. Baye nomthelela ukuqonda kangcono izimfihlakalo ososayensi yonke.

ababecabanga yezinkanyezi emkhathini zikuvumela ukuba alobe wonke izinhlobo ngemisebe, kusukela ukukhanya kusabonakala yokuntwela gamma futhi-X-ray ezahlukene. Iningi lawo abantu sokutadisha Emhlabeni, njengoba umoya wale planethi ubamba kubo, ungavumeli ebusweni. Isibonelo zatholwa kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva ekuqaleni engu isikhala, kukhona-X-ray pulsars.

Imininingwane ahola

ababecabanga yezinkanyezi abazenzi emkhathini ngosizo apharathasi ahlukahlukene igibele mkhathi ezungeza iziphuphutheki. izifundo eziningi walolu hlobo eyenziwa -International Space Station. Umnikelo ngezibonakude optical, ezifana run izikhathi eziningana kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Ivelele phakathi kwabo edumile "Hubble". Ukuze ongelutho ngokuyinhloko umthombo izithombe kuhle ngokumangalisayo enezithombe isikhala esijulile. Nokho, lokho akukhona okushiwo "uyakwazi". Ngalo wathola semali ulwazi mayelana nesakhiwo sebuningini izinto, lo regularities we "ukuziphatha". "I-Hubble" kanye izibonakude ungumhleli idatha umphakeli eliyigugu adingekayo astronomy theory, ezisemhlabeni ezisebenza kwendawo yonke.

ababecabanga yezinkanyezi - kokubili eliwumhlaba nesikhala - kuphela umthombo wokwaziswa ngoba isayensi ezisemkhathini imihlola. Ngaphandle kwawo, ososayensi ubengase ukuthuthukisa eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ezahlukene ngaphandle ukukwazi eziqhathanisa ngokoqobo.