Zezibalo Famous nangezinto abazifezile

Mathematics kubonakala zonke izenzakalo zokuphila, ulimi lakhona kunengqondo futhi kuyaqondakala abantu abavela emhlabeni wonke. Ososayensi enkulu ukusebenza kule ndawo, ngokuvamile kuragela phambili izimpilo zabantu ngisho nangemva kokufa kwakhe. Yini zezibalo bonke abantu kufanele bazi?

uBertrand Russell

Njengezinye eziningi ososayensi adumile kanye zezibalo, uBertrand uye isithakazelo sciences ngqo ebuntwaneni. Wabhalisa e-University of Cambridge, futhi ekupheleni aqhubeka efundisa khona. Ngaphezu Mathematics futhi ifilosofi. Wavikela mqondo yakhe zobudokotela ze-geometry. Russell udumo alethwe incwadi eenkambisweni wezibalo, eyasungulwa nomuntu asebenza naye Whitehead. Sebenza "Izinkinga of Philosophy" lalingesinye umthelela obalulekile. Lo msebenzi namanje kubhekwa okungcono. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uBertrand Russell khona ukuphila nabanye abantu kwande futhi ishicilelwe amaphepha ngezindaba yolwazi.

Alan Turing

zezibalo Akuvamile eyaziwa baba mthombo ngoba abalobi noma abaqondisi. Kodwa Turing - ngaphandle, akusiyo nje usosayensi brilliant, kodwa futhi umsunguli yezindlela eziyingqayizivele sokuqonda. Ngakho-ke, ukuphila kwakhe ibonakala Iyindaba ehlaba umxhwele enjalo. zezibalo Modern futhi program Namanje usebenzisa umshini Turing, isimiso okuyinto ngesisekelo imfundiso yokuziphendukela algorithm. Kudingeka ukufunda zonke izincwadi ku logic. Ngesikhathi esifanayo , u-Alan Turing wedwa uye wenza okungaphezu kwalokho zezibalo abaningi abadumile kuhlanganiswe. Yena ngokwakhe owaqamba igama elithi "i-computer" iyiphayona computer science futhi yokufakelwa intelligence theory eyasungulwa, ngaphandle akunakwenzeka ukucabanga izinhlelo yesimanje. Ekugcineni, kungashiwo ngokuthi hacker lokuqala emhlabeni. Yena aqhephukile ikhodi yemikhumbi isiJalimane, okuyinto wavumela oMfelandawonye ukunqoba. Mhlawumbe ngaphandle Turing inkambo yomlando kwakuyoba ezahlukene ngempela. Kodwa ukuphila usosayensi brilliant yaphela kabuhlungu: wazibulala ngokudla lihhabhula anobuthi ne-cyanide.

Agasti Möbius

zezibalo abaningi abadumile onginike igama lakhe kunoma imiqondo noma izenzakalo itholwe ngenkathi operation. Ayikho ngaphandle futhi Moebius: igama lakhe lizwakala, ngisho nalabo abangebona eqinile sciences ngqo. sezibalo Ikusasa owazalwa ngo Saxony. Ngemva ekolishi Shulpforte wabhalisa e Leipzig University, lapho kuqala watadisha umthetho, bese washintsha lunye yayo bokufundwa kwezinkanyezi nezibalo. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kwabonisa umthelela uthisha Leipzig Mollveyde. Ngo-1813 Möbius kuhanjiswe ku Gottingen, lapho ngaleso sikhathi zezibalo edume kunazo wasebenza. Ngo 1815 wathola isicoco sakhe zobudokotela waba uprofesa yezinkanyezi. Ngo parallel, ukwenza iriseshi nge zezibalo, eziningi zazo, kuhlanganise edumile Mobius strip, yashicilelwa kuphela okukhona emva kokufa usosayensi sika. Izinto azibhala zaba ngendaba geometry projective kanye Curves algebraic Ubonakala efanele ngisho nanamuhla.

Nikolay Lobachevsky

Ohlwini ososayensi omhlaba anothile kumele owaziwa Russian kanye mathematics. Omunye edume kunazo zonke, yebo, kuyinto UNikolai Lobachevsky. I-mathematics esizayo kwaba isiphetho nzima. Wayengumuntu mntwana wesihlahla, ngaphezu, kwashona ubaba wakhe ekuseni. Ezemfundo Lobachevsky efunda esikoleni esiphakeme e Kazan, futhi kakade intshisekelo enkulu kwi-mathematics ne-ke waya eyunivesithi yendawo. impumelelo Incredible ezifundweni zabo kuye kwaholela yokuthi Nicholas elinikwe iziqu zeMasters, ngaphezu, wasala eyunivesithi ukuthola isihloko Uprofesa. Ngokuhamba lemfundiso yakhe Lobachevsky wanikeza Yiqiniso ku-physical sciences ne zezibalo. Ngo 1826 ayebonisa a theorem mayelana okufanayo kwakuyisiqalo a geometry non-Euclidean futhi baphendula umqondo isikhala ukuthi ngaphambili. Kakade 1827 Lobachevsky baba li we nyuvesi ekhaya. Ukuze okuthunyelwe akhethwe izikhathi zalo eziyisithupha. Lapho Lobachevsky University ishintshile: kwakukhona izakhiwo ezintsha, umtapo lithole a lot of izincwadi futhi lab - imishini yamuva. Kodwa ngemva imigomo eziyisithupha isimemezelo sikahulumeni Ministry of Education, wathunyelwa njengenhlangano labahluleli umsizi besifunda esikoleni ukuthi ukuphazamiseka emsebenzini wakhe zesayensi kanye kwaba sekupheleni-career ezibucayi sezibalo esikhulu.