Chagos Archipelago, esiqhingini Diego Garcia. Incazelo, izithombe

Diego Garcia - ke yisona siqhingi esikhulu kunazo, ise Chagos Archipelago e-Indian Ocean. Kutholwe phakathi Hindustan futhi Maldives at ibanga 1600 km 500 km, ngokulandelana. Kuyinto kuphela esiqhingini owakhiwe lonke leli qoqo leziqhingi.

endaweni yaso nje kuka-25 km ^2. Futhi eziqhingini ezincane ezintathu ayingxenye Diego Garcia, he is a isiqhingi. Ukwakheka kwabo kungenxa yokuthi emhlabeni yokhalo (kuba ngenhlanhla kuyinto omningi wezintaba-mlilo), amakhorali kwaqala ukuvela inqwaba.

Incazelo emfushane

Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, Chagos ingenye archipelagos esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Le ndawo ezweni 63,2 amakhilomitha square, ezingaphezu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu siqhingi kungokwalabo Garcia, noma kunalokho, 27 km².

Archipelago Chagos isiqhingi siqukethe 7, kuhlanganise neziqhingi ezingaphezu kuka-60 ezindaweni ezishisayo. Administrative Diego Garcia libhekisela insimu yaseBrithani, kodwa eqinisweni namuhla uphikise isimo Mauritius. Efika zokugcina, lezi ziqhingi futhi lichaza ngokuvamile ibhekisela kuzo zonke izindawo ngaphandle kulona.

Garcia wavulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVI, ngo-1512 Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo, igama lakhe qoqo leziqhingi ubophekile UVasco da Gama. Wabiza ayekutholile yokudumisa umsizi, abakhonza umkhumbi.

Diego Garcia kuyinto echwebeni, oluzungeze ebusweni strip izixhobo zama-coral. Lesi siqhingi kuyakhanya. The esiphezulu kokuphakama iphuzu -. 7 m ubude yangaphandle ugu obuphelele ifinyelela mayelana 70 km. A ububanzi ingxenye kuhluka 400 m kuya ku-3000 m. Izixhobo zamakhorali futhi iziqhingi ezintathu, sizungezwe ichibi ohlangothini lwasenyakatho.

labantu

Eyokuqala ngamalungelo abo siqhingi alethwe Portugal. Ekuqaleni, lonke leli qoqo leziqhingi, kuhlanganise Diego Garcia (esiqhingini), ingeyamakhosi isiFulentshi, futhi kamuva - UK. Kwezakhamuzi zokuqala kule nsimu besale dengwane. Laba bantu bayinzalo izigqila abamnyama evela Afrika, namaNdiya abeza ngenjongo yomsebenzi. Ngaphambi eviction ezihlasela lezi ziqhingi njalo wahlala ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 5. Abantu, ngokwezinga elikhulu esiqhingini ka-Diego Garcia. Lesi siqhingi sethiwa namanje sinqatshiwe ukuvakashela isikhathi eside. iminyaka engu-30 kuphela kamuva, iNkantolo Ephakeme waqinisekisa ngokungemthetho UK kuxoshwa lalolo hlanga. Kodwa izakhamuzi ukuba babuyele ezweni lenkaba yabo kabakubonanga, akunakwenzeka ukuba ingakwazi ngenxa ukubekwa esiqhingini elisekela asolwandle ne-US amayunithi ezempi. Ziyakwazi khona ngokwesivumelwano phakathi eBrithani naseMelika. It isanda bavunyelwe ukuhambela isiqhingi isikhathi esifushane ukuvakashela wawoyise. Ngo-2016, inkontileka iphela phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili. Ngakho-ke, abantu bomdabu bakholelwa ukuthi ekugcineni bakwazi ukubuyela emakhaya. Ngakho, i-British Indian Ocean Territory kwezinye izindawo naye ungowasendaweni Melika.

Kuyinto ephawulekayo, kodwa hhayi leli qoqo leziqhingi ukuhlangabezana izakhamizi. Bonke zathathwa ngenkani badingiselwa yalungisa eziqhingini amasosha waseBrithani nowaseMelika, ngokuletha inani eliphelele - abantu mayelana 3,000.

Isikhungo zokuphatha - settlement lempi. Iphanorama eyinhloko yomsebenzi sabantu - inkonzo yezempi, kanye neenkghonakalisi zamasu yesondlo.

isakhiwo

British Indian Ocean Territory sehlukaniswe iziqhingi eziningi. isiqhingi Kuchazwe Ubuye amayunithi indawo. Kuhlanganisa iziqhingi 4 (kuhlanganise master). Garcia iyona kunabo bonke phakathi kwabo. Ngaphezu esiqhingini sakhe isiqhingi kukhona ezifana Western (endaweni ethile yase-3.4 ha) esijwayelekile (indawo sq 60. M. M) naseMpumalanga. Kugcine sesibili ngobukhulu ngobukhulu (120 sq. M. M).

Isimo sezulu

Atoll ka-Diego Garcia itholakala ngendlela yokuthi has a ezinomswakama ezishisayo sezulu zasolwandle. Ngenxa yalokho, isimo sezulu zinomswakama futhi kushisa, kodwa Umoya ushaya ke bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Lolu hlobo sezulu kutholakala ogwini olusempumalanga yezwe, ikakhulukazi engxenyeni esenyakatho yeNdiya, eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-United States ingxenye aseningizimu yeNingizimu Melika. Tellingly, kule ndawo abumane zasezindaweni.

Diego Garcia itholakala inkathi yezimvula ezishisayo. I-annual kwezulu isilinganiso - 2600 mm. Ngo zasehlobo, isibonelo, ngo-August - 105 mm, futhi ngo-January - kuze kufinyelele 350 mm. Le nhlanganisela nge indawo ngekwendzawo esiqhingini uchaza isilinganiso nomswakama ezingeni (80%). Ukuthini lokushisa ngenyanga ngezinga isiqhingi ivela + 26 ° ... + 28 ° C. Usuku idlula iphuzu ngesikhathi + 30 ° C.

Flora

Naphezu sezulu esishisayo, izimila nezilwane lezi zindawo kungekho ezihlukahlukene ezahlukene. Nature ukhumbuza isiqhingi isici we Maldives.

On endaweni wendawo ikhula omningi kakhukhunathi izintende, ngaphambili kutshalwa ngezinga zezimboni, futhi manje zasendle, futhi umoba. Le miphumela okwasiza elise esiqhingini elisekela ezempi.

nezilwane

Lokho lapho Chagos Archipelago, uyachaza ukuthi kungani emanzini asogwini azungezwe coral. Emanzini uhlalwe kwezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlanzi zasezindaweni ezishisayo ezifana lionfish futhi zebrasoma. Phakathi nabanye abameleli lapha ungathola chordates ngokwanele ezinkulu: Barracuda, nezinhlobo eziningana imisebe futhi oshaka ezincane (ihlosi, ikati, njll), Kweseva e izixhobo ziyofuna ukudla. Njengenjwayelo kulezi zindawo molluscs eziningi eyisinambuzane. Amanzi eziqhingi abacebile nezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene Izimfudu zasolwandle.

Ngokukhethekile kufanele kukhokhelwe izinyoni isidleke esiqhingini. Ososayensi kunamacala angu-20 zezinyoni ezihlala abantu kulesi siqhingi. Singasho ukuthi izinyoni tropical - lena nezilwane okucebile kunokuthula kulesi siqhingi.

Atoll ka-Diego Garcia iyikhaya okwakuvela ohlotsheni olukhethekile lwenkanyezi ctenellachagius coral-umkhuba. Lena ngenye yama-izinhlobo coral-mozgovika. Futhi njengoba ososayensi bathole lapha chagosskogo Anemone.