Izidingo nezisusa: nencazelo futhi izisekelo ze-Psychology

Izidingo nezisusa - kuyizinto eziyinhloko ukushayela amabutho ukuthi ashukumisele umuntu ukuba athathe isinyathelo. Ucwaningo lolu daba uye yakulalelisisa njalo kwengqondo kanye kwabantu.

Yiziphi izidingo?

Izidingo nezisusa ukwenza abantu isenzo. Isigaba sokuqala owaqalwa umsebenzi. Udinga - lesi sidingo, okumele zeneliswe ngoba ukuphila okuvamile. Kulokhu, kungaba kokubili abazi futhi equlekile. Uzinake izimfanelo eyinhloko izidingo zomuntu:

• amandla - kuyinto izinga lokuzinikela kuze kwaneliseke izidingo, okulinganiselwa yi-degree of ukuqaphela;
• PERIODICITY - iyona nobuningi umuntu unesidingo oyedwa noma omunye;
• indlela umhlangano;
• okuqukethwe kuncike - izinto, ngenxa okuyinto isidingo singaneliswa;
• ukuzinza - ekulondolozeni umphumela ukufunwa labo noma ezinye zokukhulekela womuntu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinhlobo Lomov izidingo

Izidingo nezisusa - kuba isigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi. Bahlanganisa ezihlukahlukene amazinga kanye izingxenye. Ngakho, Lomov B. F., ekhuluma mayelana nezidingo, wabahlukanisa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• isizinda - konke lwezimiso ukuze baphile, kanye nazo zonke ezinye nokuxhumana nabanye;
• Izisetshenziswa ezilethwayo - kuba nesidingo sobuhle bayo nemfundo;
• band izidingo ephakeme - kungcono lokusungula futhi self-actualization.

isigaba sabaphathi Maslow sika izidingo

Izidingo nezisusa akheke egqinsiwe. Kuphela uma zaneliswa ngokugcwele izidingo oda aphansi, avele sublime ngaphezulu. Kususelwa kule Maslow ezihlongozwayo yokwehlayo izidingo okufanele uzicabangele:

1. izidingo bokuphila. Kuyinto ukudla, amanzi, umoya-mpilo, izingubo nendawo yokukhosela. Uma lezi zidingo ziyafakwa hhayi wahlangana, noma yimuphi omunye hhayi aphume umbuzo.
2. Security. Lokhu kubhekisela esikhundleni esitebeleni, lapho kusinika ithemba ekusindeni eside. Ngokuvamile kuziwa kwezezimali inhlalakahle.
3. Isidingo sokusebenzisana. Indoda kufanele ibe umuntu abopha. Lokhu nokuzwelana, zobungane nothando izindaba.
4. Isidingo nenhlonipho. Unesisekelo esiqinile ngendlela amazinga amathathu eyedlule, umuntu uqala zidinga imvume yomphakathi. Ufuna ihlonishwe futhi kudingeka.
5. Self-actualization - yizinga eliphezulu izimfuneko. Libhekisela okuqhubekayo ukukhula siqu futhi umsebenzi.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi simiso phezulu kubhekwa olwamukelwa, abacwaningi abaningi (isib, Leontev A. N.) ungavumelani nakho. Kukhona umbono, owawuthi ukulandelana izidingo nesenzakalo eba ngesisekelo kwenkululeko umsebenzi kwaleso sifundvo lubuye izici zakhe siqu.

imphawu letibalulekile izidingo

Isidingo, isisusa, isinyathelo ... likukhumbuza into efana algorithm. Nokho, ukuze uqonde ukuthi lokhu indlela imisebenzi, ke kubalulekile ukuqonda eyisisekelo izici izidingo. Kuwufanele ukuba banake izikhathi ezinjalo:

• kuphakame uma kukhona ukuntuleka noma yiziphi izigaba ewusizo noma overabundance eziyingozi;
• ephelezelwa isimo ukucindezeleka yangaphakathi ehambisana ne-search into, ngayo nefunda ngayo kudingeka, basuthe;
• baba nezidingo ezithile is zofuzo kunqunywa, kanti bonke abanye ngokuqinisekile ziphakame phakathi nenkambo yokuphila;
• ngemva isidingo seseneliswe, kuza i osenyameni ngokomzwelo, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana isidingo ezingase ziphakame futhi;
• isidingo ngasinye has into yayo elinganiselwe, okuyinto lihlotshaniswa ukwaneliseka yayo;
• Ukudlala izimfuneko akhona namasha luyimfuneko ekuthuthukiseni okuqhubekayo futhi evumelanayo ubuntu;
• kuye ngokuthi iyiphi indlela ikhethwa ukuhlangabezana nezidingo, kungaba ibe okuqukethwe okuhlukile;
• Kuye ngezinga osebenzisa ngalo indlela izinga nemibandela wokuphila kwabantu, uhlu lwezimfanelo salo sanda;
• izidingo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu emandleni, ukuthi inquma oda lapho abantu abahlangana nabo.

Siyini isisusa?

Udinga, isisusa, injongo - lezi zigaba angabhekwa yisandla okukhuthaza abantu ukuba abe abakhuthele. Ekhuluma yesibili imiqondo la, singasho ukuthi lesi sifiso sokuthatha isinyathelo ukuthi ahlelelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezibalulekile. Motif libhekene isakhiwo:

• izidingo (izidingo ezithile ukuthi kumelwe eneliseke);
• yokuthathwa yimizwa (ishayela internal odlulela umuntu ukwenza izenzo ezithile);
• into (isigaba, ngenxa lapho nokwaneliseka ngezidingo);
• izindlela ukufeza imigomo.

Imisebenzi esemqoka izisusa

Isidingo, isisusa, injongo - konke lokhu kuthinta indlela yokuphila nendlela izinto ezenziwa abantu. Isigaba sesibili nemisebenzi elandelako main:

• Isisusa - ubuchopho bomuntu uthola ezinye umfutho, okwamshukumisela ukuba izenzo ezithile;
• isiqondiso - ngesisusa inquma indlela futhi Ububanzi bemisebenzi womuntu;
• smysloobrazovanie - isisusa endows womuntu umsebenzi ukubaluleka, ulunika umqondo othile.

Njengoba kwakhiwa ngesisusa is?

Izidingo nezisusa akhiwa ngokuhambisana ethile nendlela yokubuyisela. It liqukethe izingxenye ezintathu, okuyilezi:

• kwakhiwa izidingo iyunithi is ezingeni ukwazi. Esikhathini esithile umuntu eseqala ukuzwa ukungakhululeki elihlobene ne ngokuntula kwakhe kwanoma iziphi izinzuzo ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki. Ukufisa ukuzenzela lo ukuntula kubangela kunesidingo.
• iyunithi Indoor - uhlobo isihlungi zokuziphatha, okubandakanya ukuhlolwa isimo samandla zawo nalokho akuthandayo. Uma sicabanga ngakho konke lezi zici, lapho kudingeka ukulungiswa.
• Indima esasizibekele yona block esekelwe into, elikwaziyo ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nesidingo. Ngakho, umuntu has a umqondo ocacile ukuthi angakwazi ukufeza oyifunayo.

motifs ezivamile

izidingo zomuntu kanye nezisusa kukhona ngokwanele eziningi. Bona akhiwa Kuye indlela yokuphila, izinkolelo, nezinye izinto. Ngakho, izizathu ezivamile zimi kanje:

• inkolelo - uhlelo imibono kanye nokuhlalisana kwabantu, ekhuthaza abantu ukuba benze kanjalo, hhayi ngenye;
• impumelelo - isifiso ukuthola othile yalokho, ukuze isenzo othile ezingeni, ukuzuzwa ofiselekayo isikhundla kule mkhakha, umndeni noma umphakathi;
• impumelelo - izisusa, hhayi kuphela ukufeza eziphakeme, kodwa futhi ukuvimbela ukwehluleka (abantu ziqondiswa emisebenzini yabo kwalesi sigaba ukhetha ukuxazulula Ephakathi nezinselelo);
• amandla - ikhono bona intando yalo futhi isifiso naphezu nanokuphikiswa abanye (abantu abanjalo bafuna linqobe abanye, sisebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene);
• ukubandakanya - kusho isifiso sokukhuluma futhi uhlanganyele nabanye abantu abaye wathembela zabo futhi ujabulele idumela elihle ibhizinisi kanye nomphakathi imibuthano;
• zokukhwabanisa - ukulawula abanye abantu ukuba banelise izithakazelo zabo;
• usizo - iSilekeleli Sokwazisa Ukukhathazeka ongenabugovu abanye, ikhono umhlatshelo ngenxa nemizwa umthwalo;
• Uzwela - ngesisusa uzwela ngenxa nozwela.

imphawu letibalulekile Motifs

Izidingo nezisusa umuntu libhekene eziningi ngezici ezithile. Ekhuluma isigaba sesibili, kufanele itjheje amaphuzu alandelayo ukhiye:

• enqubeni yokuphila komuntu izisusa ingahluka kakhulu;
• ngenkathi sigcina motif efanayo isikhathi eside kungase kudingeke ukushintsha imisebenzi inqubo;
• izisusa kungaba kokubili abazi futhi equlekile;
• isisusa, ohlukile target, has ngaphansi ngokwayo eminye imiphumela nkomoni;
• okungenani ezinye Motifs ngamanye ngokuchaza, ekubumbeni isiqondiso jikelele nokuziphatha imisebenzi;
• izisusa ezahlukene kungaholela ekwakhekeni izidingo ezifanayo (kanye noHezekeli);
• motif ukhonza ukungadluliseli ohlangothini Vector umsebenzi ngokomqondo, nokwagcina kubangelwa izidingo ukuvela;
• isisusa yenza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi hambisa sifinyelele umgomo othile noma uzame uyeke ke;
• ngesisekelo ngesisusa angase alale imizwa okuhle nokubi.

Isisusa main umqondo

Izidingo, izisusa kanye nogqozi - izixhumanisi elilodwa chain, okuyinto zinquma imisebenzi womuntu. Ngakho-ke athuthukile imiqondo eziningi kuye kwahlanganiswa ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko. Ngakho, imfundiso yokuziphendukela ugqozi kungenzeka kanje:

• ugqozi eziphilayo. Uma umzimba likhona iyiphi ukungalingani noma ukuntula okuthile, usabheka ngokushesha obhekwe okusuka begazi. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uthola inhliziyo esenzweni.
• kusebenze kahle. NgoLwesine kutholakale isidumbu sendoda yimuphi umuntu ulwela silondoloze ezingeni evamile yomsebenzi. Lokhu kuvumela umsebenzi okuqhubekayo futhi ithele kuze kwaneliseke izidingo eziyisisekelo.
• umqondo yezengqondo. Esikhathini kohlaka imibono enjalo nogqozi ubonakala kukhethwa izinhlobo zokuziphatha. Kule nqubo, bahileleke ukucabanga kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita.

Ukungasebenzi kahle okubangelwa izidingo zingafezeki

Uma isidingo, izisusa izithakazelo awazange wanelisa, kungaholela ukwephula isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ngezinye izikhathi, ndoda ngezithukuthuku ukuzithiba izindlela. Nokho, uma imithombo yangaphakathi azanele, kungase kube zinkinga Neuro-zengqondo:

• ukungqubuzana Neurotic - ukushayisana phakathi nokulindelekile okuphezulu kanye nezidingo nezisetshenziswa enganele ukuqaliswa yabo. Lezi zinkinga abantu beyizidlova abangakwazi ngokwanele ukwanelisa isifiso sabo futhi nokufuna kugunyazwe ugqozi. Kubo, libhekene ukucasuka yanda, lability ngokomzwelo, isimo sokucindezeleka.
• Hysteria, njengoba umthetho, exhumene nokuhlolwa ukungadli wena nabanye. Ngokuvamile, umuntu enomuzwa bangcono kunabanye. Futhi, ngesizathu babekwazi ukunikeza ukungqubuzana okukhona phakathi kwezimfuneko (isib nezimiso zokuziphatha okuhle nezenzo ophoqelelwe). Ukuze usinga libhekene ubuhlungu ukuzwela, inkulumo iziyaluyalu kanye nokunyakaza iziyaluyalu.
• Esilawulayo-kuphoqeleke disorder kwenzeka kulabo bantu kabani izidingo kanye izisusa umsebenzi kungukuthi ecacile neqondile. Engazi ukuthi afuna, umuntu uba nenhliziyo encane, futhi ukhathele ngokushesha. Kungase ukuhlupha iziyaluyalu ubuthongo, obsessions futhi zokwesaba.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinjongo futhi udinga Motifs

Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imbangela yalokhu inquma isidingo. Nokho, ukwenza yinoma yisiphi isitatimende akunakungatshazwa kwakuyoba into engalungile, ngoba nokuxhumana eqondile phakathi le mikhakha yomibili ingakamiswa cacisa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isidingo engenza umuntu oyedwa noma ngaphezulu nezisusa. Nokho, kukhona esinye uhlangothi kuya uhlamvu lwemali. Kodwa izisusa angakhuthaza zonke izimfuneko ezintsha.

Umnikelo ezinkulu kakhulu ubudlelwano phakathi izigaba eziyinhloko owethulwa Leontev A. N. It kungokwalabo amasu ngoba ukuguquguquka motif target. Kungenzeka futhi backlash. Ngakho, nomgomo indoda izama isikhathi eside, kuba isiqiniseko ukuthi ube isisusa. Futhi okuphambene nalokho. Uma ukuphila kwabantu njalo ukwethula ingoma, kungaba iphenduke umgomo enkulu.