Yini ukubona e Kaliningrad? Iminyuziyamu, amatshe ezikhumbuzo, umlando, izithombe

Uma bathi Kaliningrad - a umphakathi isikhungo Russian zokuphatha kanye inhloko-dolobha yesifunda kakhulu entshonalanga yezwe lethu - kunjani ukuba ngeke ngikwazi ukubashumayeza. Lo muzi ubizwa ngokuthi iwindi Europe, kodwa akugcini lapho. Onegunya magazini "Kommersant", esibalelwa i simo yaminyaka yonke imizi best of Russia, Kaliningrad wakhipha kwasekuqaleni kule minyaka emithathu eyedlule. Ngokwencwadi ethi Forbes, izimo ezinhle kakhulu kuleli zwe ukwenza ibhizinisi. RBC futhi okuthiwa iyidolobha elihle kunawo wonke elisentshonalanga Russia. Kuyini zikhanga kangaka izivakashi? Angazi iphutha uma ngithi ukuthi ikhubalo ekhethekile yedolobha kunikeza ingxube amasiko - Western Europe kanye Slavic. Lesi sihloko ukubuka konke lokho ukubona e Kaliningrad nesifunda izinsuku ezimbalwa.

Ukuthola lapho

Abaningi abafuna ukubona Amber onqenqemeni yokwesaba ukuthi esifundeni kuyinto umphakathi. Okungukuthi, alinaso umngcele izwe Russia. Kusukela enyakatho nasempumalanga ke elisemngceleni nge Lithuania naseningizimu - ne Poland. Ngakho-ke, kukhona umbuzo mayelana nokuba khona passport izivakashi, ngisho ne-visa. Kodwa lokhu kwenzeka kuphela kubantu Kulezo zimo lapho ehamba ngesitimela, ngebhasi noma imoto yakho siqu. Ngokwemvelo, air travel ipasipoti ayidingekile: ngoba ezihambayo esezweni lakubo. Futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi entshonalanga Kaliningrad, izithombe zazo mhlawumbe uke wazibona ezingqwembeni, emngceleni woLwandle iBaltic. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuze uthole emaphethelweni Amber phezu kwamanzi. Ungakwazi ukuthatha uhambo oluthakazelisayo emkhunjini "Georg OTS" kusukela Petersburg noma ukubhukuda elula umgibeli isikebhe. Esikhathini Kaliningrad esifundeni, amaRashiya amaningi ungahambi ukubona izinto ukuthenga izimoto. esitolo okunjalo izinkambo kwavula ithrekhi in Lithuanian Embassy. Thatha i-visa yokuba sendleleni ukuya umphakathi Russian ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Lapho kwakuphambana

Lo muzi ayenamagama eziningi: Tuvangste, eKönigsberg, Krulevets, Kunnengsgarbs, Knigsberg, Karaliautsius futhi ekugcineni, Kaliningrad. Umlando edolobheni sihlehlela emuva eNkathini Ephakathi. Uma kule ethafeni, phezu lomfula Pregel, zaziyizindawo ezintathu Prussian. Izakhamuzi zalapho ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela ukudoba nenhlanzi ngosawoti. Ngo 1255 the zamaJalimane Knights eyakhelwe eduze emzaneni - Tuvangste - inqaba enamandla. Citadel wabizwa ngokuthi Koenigsberg yokudumisa iNkosi yaseBohemia Ottokar II Premysl. Kamuva igama lasakazekela zonke ehlanganisiwe okudotshwa. Yazi-German abantu kumangale phela eKönigsberg ihumusha ngokoqobo ngokuthi "intaba bobukhosi 'futhi ubizwa njengofakazi ogwini ongaphakeme Pregel alinge. Kodwa kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi igama inqaba wanika Prussians imvelaphi Gothic. I etymology igama indawo, abacwaningi eziningi ezihlobene igama "Royal Beach". Njengoba umuzi zamaJalimane Knights wafika ukuchuma kwezomnotho, wayaziwa hhayi kuphela omakhelwane eliseduze. Babehumusha igama eKönigsberg ezilimini zabo. On ubudala amabalazwe Russian ngesikhathi uPeter Omkhulu, naye lubalwa Korolevets. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, eKönigsberg labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele amabutho aseSoviet. Bakhululi ukuze isizinda kangcono nganeno, kanye negama lomuzi wakhuphuka nomunye. Ngo-July 4, 1946, eKönigsberg iqanjwe kabusha Kaliningrad. Lokhu kwakwenzelwa ukuba basikhumbule lesi sezombusazwe Soviet. Okungukuthi, Mikhail Kalinin. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lo muzi uhlala ngaphansi igama elisha.

Yini ukubona e Kaliningrad amahora ambalwa

Koenigsberg sidilizwa kungaba ahlole bangaphezi. Abantu bendawo bathi bona ngokwabo baye okwamanje wafundiswe yonke imithetho ezikhangayo yedolobha. Kodwa uma ungeza usuku, futhi esandleni sakho nje kwamahora ambalwa ngezinye - akunankinga. City tour kuzokuvumela ubone izinto eziyinhloko futhi zifunde amaqiniso ethakazelisayo emlandweni inqaba eKönigsberg futhi Amber Coast. Nakho-ke wena uyakwazi ukuhamba izindawo eziyizintandokazi zakho ukuze enze isibhamu umbukwane, ozihambela ngokusebenzisa Altstadt - Old Town. Kuyo uzothola ezinkantini eziningi amathilomu, izitolo kanye izitolo ezidayisa izinto eziyizikhumbuzo. Ukuzizwa umoya opholile yeYurophu, musa ukuphika ngokwakho injabulo inkomishi yekhofi nge namakhekhe wendawo okumnandi e confectionery ubudala. A dinner ngokuqinisekile eKönigsberg klopsami - ngaphandle-ke, ungeyena imifino. Khona-ke kufanele aye le Kant esiqhingini phezu ibhuloho abathandi, ngokuphelele hung nge snaps. A ukuthatha nabo njengoba isikhumbuzo ibhokisi abadinga marzipan. Le mikhiqizo alimondi sweet - zokungcebeleka eziyingqayizivele edolobheni elisentshonalanga.

Imyuziyemu Night, noma uma bengena

Lo muzi has iminyuziyamu eminingi, futhi ezinye zazo, njenge-Amber Museum, izilwandle zomhlaba futhi ngwenya B-413, ahlukile ngempela. Iphrojekthi ye-Kaliningrad Imyuziyemu Night wethulwa 2006. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njalo ngonyaka ngezimpelasonto ezithile zonke emathempelini isiko edolobheni ngokufudumele ivula iminyango yayo izivakashi kanye nomsebenzi ubusuku nemini. Lo mcimbi kuhambisana amakhonsathi emgwaqweni, nemibukiso, ukusebenza ezigcawugcawu futhi ukusebenza zomlando kabusha enactors. Ngo-2014, lesi Imyuziyemu Night sasingo-May 16-17. Ngakho ke ukuhlelela ikusasa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-kwatheleka izivakashi, kubalulekile ukuba ukubhuka ehhotela kusengaphambili noma ukuqasha ifulethi ukuze iqashwe. Nokho, ngaphandle Kaliningrad Imyuziyemu Night, umuzi best ukuvakashela e kwentwasahlobo nehlobo. Isimo sezulu ejabulisa inhlawulo usuku, kuhlwa ngasekupheleni. Ngo Kaliningrad ezinye, imicimbi engengaphansi ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, i-International Jazz Festival. Summer - isikhathi ephelele ukuhlola izinto Kaliningrad nesifunda. Believe me, ubunjalo esenyakatho Curonian Amathe kuyinto ebukekayo, kanye nokuchichima kokuthula izinqaba esifundeni umane dazzled.

Umlando ka enqabeni

Yini ukubona e Kaliningrad kwasekuqaleni? Nangempela, inqaba. Lokhu lenqaba akunakwenzeka ukuba miss, ngisho kusukela kwesobunxele endaweni yakhe eyodwa - central sikwele. Lona focus, kungashiwo, inhliziyo edolobheni. Uma kungenjalo yakhe, mhlawumbe kungaba khona naseKaliningrad, futhi kukhona zaziyoqhubeka amadolobhana amathathu lokudoba. Kwathatha Knights kwezindela kule olusenyakatho? Iqiniso liwukuthi esikhathini esithile ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu XIII, namanje uhlalwe namaqaba. Upapa wamemezela ukuthi impi ezweni, ukuguqula enkolweni yobuKatolika we Prussians. YobuKristu abantu bendawo Aboriginal ukwenza Knights Templar izindela Order, nemali wezempi exhasiwe Inkosi yaseBohemia Ottokar II Premysl. Ukuze kuhlonishwe enqabeni yaso, elakhiwa ngo-1255 futhi ngokuthi Koenigsberg. Ekuqaleni, kwathiwa ezenziwe ngokhuni. Kodwa yena njalo kabusha ukulondoloza ikhono ukuvikela. Phela, bayanda phelelisa izikhali. Ngenxa emifanekisweni eminingi ebonakala lenqaba enamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, eduze kwedolobha izinqaba ezakhiwa ukuvimba kungenzeka isitha kusengaphambili ukuba Koenigsberg. Lapha wawugcinwa iqoqo imidwebo ngabaculi European, amaqoqo zobumba futhi silverware, Museum bemivubukulo eziqhutshwa. Lapha kwaba okokugcina ukuthi abantu ungabona abadumile Amber Room, okuyinto baphela emehlweni phakathi nempi. Ukukhululwa enqabeni muzi kakhulu ubuhlungu, futhi ngo-1969 emanxiweni abangu yasha futhi adiliza. Manje kukhona ziqhutshwa abavubukuli, futhi observation emphemeni ekhethekile ifakwe kwezivakashi.

Castle futhi idolobha

Ukuze unqume ukuthi ubone Kaliningrad futhi lapho ukuya phambili, kudingeka siqaphele indima eyadlalwa edolobheni enqabeni. Ngaphansi komthunzi Templar Order, womathathu emzaneni waqala ukuthi aghubekele phambili. Bakhandwa kancane kancane amalungelo idolobha (eminyakeni 1286, 1300 kanye 1327.) Lwathi luphela kwekhulu XIV Altstadt, Neustadt futhi Kneiphof ukuhlanganiswa, eKönigsberg wajoyina le Hanseatic League (i Analogue of wamanje Free Trade Area). Ekhulwini xv, ukuchuma kwezomnotho kuye kwafinyelela izinga lokuba ukuthi idlulisela sokuhlala kwakhe lapha Master Omkhulu zamaJalimane Order. Ekhulwini XVI, u-Albrecht Hohenzollern kwenza ongokwasezulwini ibe Duchy wokuziphilisa. Kuze 1675, kuba ngaphansi kwesizwe kwezintathu yePoland. Nge kwesigaba layo ngekhulu XVIII lapho, bakha umbuso ahlukene Prussian. lokhu gothic entshonalanga saya kanjani esimweni sethu? Kuze 1945 Koenigsberg endaweni ezungezile kwaba ingxenye yeJalimane njengoba esifundazweni yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Ngemva kwempi, nangokwesinqumo sokwahlulela omhlangano Potsdam, wonke nje le ndawo yayibizwa yanika kokuphindela eSoviet Union, futhi ngemva konyaka, lonke idolobha lase uqambe kabusha Kaliningrad.

lombhishobhi

Njengoba ubona, leli dolobha namanye castle babe izibopho nolimi kwezamasiko nakwezomnotho. A uphawu ngokunqoba enkolweni yamaRoma Katolika kwaba Cathedral, okuyinto manje kuhlobisa Kaliningrad. Izithombe kwalesi sakhiwo ngokubabazekayo ubona lapha. Wabeka isisekelo lombhishobhi, Bishop Johannes Clara e 1333. Ithempeli, anikezelwe uMariya St Adalbert, lakhiwa esiqhingini Kneiphof (manje Kant), mayelana kwamashumi amahlanu. Umklamo yezakhiwo kwesakhiwo obusa enyakatho Gothic, nakuba ekuqaleni ke wayezelwe njengengxenye izinqaba. Lokhu kufakazelwa wokwakha enamandla odongeni empumalanga amamitha amathathu obukhulu. Ukuze lombhishobhi phambi kwakungekaNkulunkulu Episcopal Palace futhi kulelo khaya lezintandane. Isakhiwo lakhiwa kabusha amakhosi a uLuther von Braunschweig kanye Vinrihe Kniprode ngemuva, kanye izikhathi Duchy, lapho isakhiwo aluthola izici Northern Renaissance. Lapho University Albertina (1544) yasungulwa ngo eKönigsberg, bonke osolwazi waqala Unelungelo ukuba angcwatshwe izindonga Cathedral. sefilosofi esidumile U-Immanuel Kant owokugcina, ogama umlotha aphumule 1804 ku sarcophagus black egwadle, sizungezwe nambili amakholomu. Futhi lapha ithuna iNkosana u-Albrecht nomkhaya wakhe. Ukuvuselela zonakale impi ithempeli kuphela waqala ngo-1990 futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube manje. Manje isakhiwo sesonto yokubamba le nkonzo Orthodox namaProthestani.

Ukudoba emzaneni

Yini ukubona e Kaliningrad ezithakazelisayo okwamanje? Njengoba nje wena Kant isiqhingi, ukungcebeleka eduze ukuvakasha, ekuthandeni isakhiwo endala University, futhi isiphambano adjustable ibhuloho lezinyawo ngaphesheya komfula. Wena iyothathwa endaweni okudotshwa elakhiwa ngo 2006 kusayithi komnikazi ubudala German. izindlu Isigamu-izingodo nophahla tiled ukunikeza leli fomu eziyinkimbinkimbi "Little Europe". izitolo Lapha zitholakala, inhlanzi zindlu, turret sibhekile "Mayak" ngisho ehhotela "Skipper". Village ezitaladini ahlotshiswe benezihlanti romantic, amabhentshi ukhululekile, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ezithakazelisayo. Ayikho lomshado emzini kuqedile ngaphandle sicu photo kule ekhoneni ethokomele. Ehlobo kusukela marina River Station katerki ukuhamba ku Pregel. Ukushiya Ukudoba Village, misa ukuhlola ezinye izikhumbuzo. Kaliningrad - idolobha lanamuhla, kodwa kungaba ozibongayo ukuthi walondoloza amasango lasendulo. Eqinisweni, lezi zokungena onezivikelo eziqinile kuze kube eKönigsberg ubudala has eziningana. Kodwa uhlobo liyabonakala kakhulu litshwayo komuzi eSangweni Brandenburg. ulimi lwawo luhluke itholakala lokuthi ukuthi bazoqhubeka ukwenza umsebenzi walo. Isango ehlotshiswe ekumeni sculpted we basunguli izibalo lempi. Basuke okuthiwa ngakho ngoba ngaphambili wema eya enqabeni igama elifanayo.

iminyuziyamu

Yini enye engingabuye ku eKönigsberg (manje Kaliningrad) ezikhangayo ubudala? Amber Museum ezindebeni wonke umuntu. Itholakala ogwini Lake Superior, enkabeni yedolobha. Ukuvakashela embukisweni yakhe, ungafunda hhayi kuphela mayelana idiphozi amber esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, kodwa futhi bheka eningi gizmos elimangalisayo 'ilanga itshe ". Izingcweti amakhulu eminyaka kahle art ukwelapha resin lukhuni zezihlahla komlando, futhi lokhu kungabonwa ngokubheka ngasiphi jewelry esitolo noma isipho esitolo. Umhlaba Ocean Museum e Kaliningrad, futhi, uhlukile. Kuyinto embukisweni kuphela eRussia, marinistike ozinikele ngokuphelele. Museum kwavulwa ngo-1990, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, iqoqo lakhe nezilwane zasolwandle nezimila is agcwaliswa njalo.

Kaliningrad kwebuciko eqoqwe emahholo kwabo imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-kwabayizinkulungwane eziyishumi ebaziwe, imidwebo kanye zokuhlobisa art izinto. EKönigsberg Zoo kubhekwa omdala eRussia. It lavulwa ngo-1896 yi-UMuphi German Hermann Klaas. Ngaleso sikhathi, iqoqo lalinabashumayeli 900 izilwane futhi zezinyoni ezingu-260. Ukuze engaphezu kweyikhulu likhona ukuchayeka zoo iye kwanda. Museum "Submarine" e Kaliningrad has ulwazi nokuthuthukiswa asolwandle ezweni lethu. I ngwenya B-413 ngo-1997 waba elingasekho empini ngokusemthethweni futhi iguqulwe ibe Museum. EKönigsberg njalo ngokuthi idolobha inqaba. manje izinqaba zayo eziqinile nangenkathi ezahlukene seziye zaphenduka emnyuziyamu. Ungakwazi ukuhamba emhlabeni nedlelo Kaliningrad nibone izinqaba ukuthi uma abavimba esitheni emzini. Yabo nesikhombisa, kodwa ukuze uthole umbono, okungenani ngokwanele ukuvakashela elinye. EKönigsberg wagcwala yabambana ngezihluthu phakathi Second neMpi Yezwe. Mayelana izenzakalo etha Museum nemibukiso "ngezingodo", "Inombolo okuthunyelwe Command 43," Izindaba Bbb, "Fort inombolo 5".

I Curonian Amathe

Uma usuvele isinqumo umbuzo yini ukubheka ezithakazelisayo Kaliningrad, kusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokuba uhambe ngalé kwemingcele umuzi. Esifundeni eningi izinqaba ephakathi, basishiyela ifa Teutons abangophakimpi. Ayikwazi ukuziba uhlobo emangalisayo Curonian Amathe ngokudansa ihlathi layo eliyingqayizivele. Maduze nje, imithi baqale goba. Isizathu zokuziphatha okunjalo yehlathi kuze kube manje ayikho ososayensi akakwazanga ukuxazulula. Lokhu nhlonhlo sandy zesihlabathi ngisho kufakwe UNESCO uhlu. National Park angavulwa ensimini ezilulazayo namathe.