Hanseatic League. Uhwebo kuqala futhi inyunyana kwezomnotho e ebandla emlandweni waseYurophu

EJalimane lanamuhla, kukhona uphawu olukhethekile umehluko zomlando, ubufakazi bokuthi emadolobheni eziyisikhombisa isimo babagcini amasiko ezingavamile emlandweni yesikhathi eside, nekhululekile sokusebenzisana okuzuzisayo yokuzithandela. Lesi sibonakaliso - Latin incwadi H. Kusho ukuthi idolobha, oqala ngokuthi amapuleti ilayisensi incwadi, beniyingxenye Hanseatic League. HB izinhlamvu inambapleti kufanele ufundvwe njengencenye Hansestadt Bremen - «Hanseatic eMzini Bremen», HL -. «Edolobheni Hanseatic of Lübeck" I-H incwadi ukhona egumbini imoto emadolobheni khulula of Hamburg, Greifswald, Stralsund, Rostock futhi Wismar, edlala medieval Hanse indima ebalulekile.

Hansa - lo mphakathi, lapho e XIII - XVII eminyaka united khulula amadolobha German ukuvikela abathengisi futhi ukuhweba emandleni izinduna, kanye joint ngxabano pirates. Ukuhlanganisa kuhlanganisiwe emzini lapho kwakuhlala khona wahlala, lezi zakhamuzi zazenza - izakhamuzi khulula, bona, ngokungafani izifundo yamakhosi izinduna, kuncike imithetho "amalungelo wabantu basemadolobheni" (Lübeck, laseMagdeburg). I Hanseatic League kule ezikhathi ezinobude obungalingani ukhona lalinabashumayeli emadolobheni 200, kuhlanganise Berlin futhi Dorpat (Tartu), eDanzig (Gdansk) kanye Cologne, eKönigsberg (Kaliningrad) kanye Riga. Ukuthuthukisa amandla bonke abathengisi of imithetho eLübeck, isibe isikhungo esiyinhloko-trade zasolwandle e somfula North kanye Baltic iziLwandle, njalo uya inyunyana iCongress abahlanganyeli. Kwezinye imizi yaseYurophu, akuzona amalungu Hanseatic League, "kwakunemikhaya amahhovisi" - amagatsha amahhovisi kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu Hanseatic League, ivikelwe amalungelo ngokumelene nokungena izikhulu zendawo komasipala. I "ihhovisi" ngobukhulu itholakala e-London, Bruges, wathuthela eBergen okwesikhashana futhi Novgorod. Njengoba ojwayelekile, "izinkantolo German" kwadingeka echwebeni abo nasezindaweni ezigcina impahla, kanye babengalikhokhi iningi izimali nezintela.

Ngokwezinye izazi-mlando zanamuhla, izenzakalo, eqalwe ukusungulwa inyunyana kufanele kuthathwe ngokuthi kuyisisekelo eLübeck e 1159 lo Hanseatic League wayeyisibonelo ezingavamile wenhlangano, lapho bonke amaqembu ukusebenza emgomweni ofanayo - ukuthuthukiswa ubudlelwane ukuhweba. Ngenxa abathengisi German we eningizimu nasentshonalanga ye nezwekazi wathola izimpahla ezivela eMpumalanga naseNyakatho Yurophu: imithi, uboya, uju, emakhilayoni, rye. CPSB (sailboats), zithwesiwe usawoti, indwangu kanye newayini kwakufanele kolunye uhlangothi. Ekhulwini xv le Hanseatic League baqala ukuzwa ukunqotshwa ukuhlulwa yi-isimo sezwe emva, kabusha abasafufusa indawo yayo izithakazelo kwezomnotho: England, eNetherlands, isimo Muscovite, Denmark nePoland. Ababusi bezizwe yokuthola amandla engafuni ukulahlekelwa imali engenayo evela nokuthengiswa, ngakho-ke, iqedwe izinkantolo ukuhweba Hanseatic. Noma kunjalo, Hansa yayikhona kuze ngekhulu XVII. amalungu ukumelana Iningi sokusebenzisana abantu empeleni yahlakazeka eLübeck - iwuphawu lwamandla abathengisi isiJalimane, Bremen futhi Hamburg. Le mizi ngo-1630 wangena emithathu endleleni umbimbi. Hanseatic ukuhweba umbimbi zigoqiwe emva 1669. Yingaleso sikhathi eLübeck kwaba ingqungquthela wokugcina, okuyinto eyaba isenzakalo sokugcina emlandweni we Hanseatic League.

Ukuhlaziya Okwenzeka kuqala ebandla emlandweni waseYurophu inhlangano kwezomnotho kanye ukuhweba, impumelelo yayo futhi yezinqumo ezithakazelisayo-mlando futhi kosomabhizinisi yesimanje nabezombusazwe abangqondo balibele European nezindaba ukuhlanganiswa.