Yini igama software iphakethe elawula ukusebenza kwe-computer futhi inikeza esibonakalayo emkhatsini webantfu amakhompyutha?

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla kunzima ukucabanga umuntu owayeyoba esikoleni hhayi ihlangabezane into okuthiwa "software iphakethe, elinikeza ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu amakhompyutha." Zama ukuthola ukuthi iyini, futhi lapho izakhi abayingxenye yayo.

Yini igama software iphakethe elawula umsebenzi khompyutha?

Ngakho, lo mqondo iphakheji enjalo sekukhona ekuqaleni imishini computer kanye nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene nalo.

Namuhla, kucatshangwa ukuthi ngomqondo ebanzi kwegama elithi software iphakethe elawula ukusebenza kwe-computer futhi ezisebenza computer uqobo, kanye ekwenzeni imisebenzi ezichazwe umsebenzisi akulutho, njengoba uhlelo lokusebenza, nazo zonke izakhi zawo. Abanye abantu ngephutha bakholelwa ukuthi kuphela yesistimu yokusebenza ezithile nge izinhlelo uhlelo zezinga. Nokho, labo okuthiwa 'okuhlanzekile' uhlelo cishe kungenzeki namuhla.

Yini ehlanganisiwe umqondo yesistimu yokusebenza?

Ngokuphathelene ukuqonda olusebenzisayo, noma njengoba ibizwa kanjalo ngezinye izikhathi, "operatsionok" iyingxenye kohlelo hhayi kuphela.

Lesi sakamuva kuyinto luyingxenye software iphakethe, ukuphathwa wokusebenza computer futhi ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza wayo elungile. Yilokho. Ngokusekelwe ukuqonda 'emsulwa "uhlelo, it is hhayi yakhelwe ukwenza ezinye izici le nkinga, lona ngalutho nge" OSes ". Ukuthuthukiswa izinhlelo enjengale ayifaneleki ngokuphelele, ngoba ukusetshenziswa them for nye ngenhloso letsite (ezinsukwini zakuqala computer - ukubala ezivamile usebenzisa zezibalo, aljebra imisebenzi Trigonometric) kungaba akunakwenzeka. Namuhla, Ngakho-ke, kukhona izinhlelo ukuthi banethuba omkhulu, uma hhayi zonke izikhathi, kodwa okungenani iningi lazo.

Futhi bona nhlelo namuhla ungathola impela eningi: ..-Windows, i-Mac OS X, Mahhala BSD, i-Linux, Unix, njll Kulezi, ngaphezu uhlelo ingxenye, ine eziningi ezihlaba umxhwele izicelo ezahlukene ngokuphelele, ezifana ihluzo processing, ukulalela umculo , ukubuka amavidiyo, nokunye .. Njengoba ungacabanga, lokhu kuphela ezinye izakhi, kunokuba isethi ephelele.

Lokho software efana ngomqondo ovamile?

Kepha lokho okubizwa ngokuthi i-software, kuba, empeleni iqoqo ngokuphelele zonke izinhlelo efakwe ngokwakhona noma ngumsebenzisi uhlelo oluthile computer.

Ngamanye amazwi, kuba iphakethe isofthiwe elawula ukusebenza kwe-computer ngomqondo ebanzi: umsebenzi uhlelo lokusebenza, ukusebenza efanele 'nensimbi' amadivayisi (motherboards, ihluzo amakhadi, amakhadi umsindo, amadivayisi kunethiwekhi, oshayelayo disk,-USB izimbobo kanye namadivayisi, amamojuli ezahlukene ukuxhumana okungenantambo, Abaqaphi, nokunye. d.), ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana phakathi computer futhi umsebenzisi (GUI), kanye nekhono ukuhlanganisa imishini amaningi noma isengezo senethiwekhi zendawo, ukufinyelela Umhlaba n duck, nokunye okuningi.

Isofthiwe yohlelo iphakethe, ukuphathwa wokusebenza computer kanye nokuxhumana ukuhlinzeka elihlobene ne elinikeziwe umsebenzi umsebenzisi futhi impendulo ekukhishweni ohlelweni lokusebenza kungenzeka njalo ukusebenza, ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene nezinhlelo ncamashi ngokwezifiso ephathekayo ayihlobene ne ohlelweni.

Uma sikhuluma isicelo uvumela ukuthi umsebenzisi ukusebenzisa wonke amakhono nezisobala futhi esithekileyo uhlelo, lapha endaweni yokuqala a isikhombimsebenzisi sokuqhafaza. Ngalo umuntu uthola ukufinyelela zonke izici namathuba. Kodwa kwakungenjalo ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngokokuqala ngqá lolu hlobo esibonakalayo lakhiwe besebenzisa amasu izinhlelo into-ngamakhasimende, lapho yena wamavukelambuso ngesikhathi OS-Windows 3.1.

Ngaphambi yasetshenziselwa lesi simiso kuphela sigxile ekukhishweni imiyalo. Lawa kwakungamadodana okuthiwa DOS-uhlelo, ukuthi lungatholakala ngokusebenzisa umugqa wemiyalo noma sebenzisa umsebenzi inhlanganisela yokhiye. Nakuba abantu abaningi bekhumbula yokuthi okokuqala kudedelwa Norton uMlawuli, akuyona nje imenenja yefayela (njengoba abaningi becabanga kanjalo), kodwa ngempela ithuluzi elinamandla Imininingwane ukuhlela umbhalo ngisho ukubuka ezinye ifomethi ingcaca.

Nokho, namuhla, uhlelo isofthiwe iphakethe elawula ukusebenza kwe-computer, kuhlanganisa eziningi izakhi. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphezu izicelo ukusebenza kwe-"OSes" kakhulu, lo mqondo kuhlanganisa kudivayisi abashayeli, okuyizinto izinhlelo ezikhethekile noma imitapo ashukumisayo, okunikeza nokuxhumana eside phakathi hardware yabo uhlelo olusebenzisayo. Ngaphandle umshayeli, akukho 'nensimbi' ingxenye ngeke isebenze - ke nje ayiboni ohlelweni.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lolu hlu kungafakwa namathuba ekhethekile ushintsho ukucushwa kwesistimu ikhompyutha, nokulawula ukufinyelela kumisebenzi athile, ukubeka ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa ezithile akhawunti yomsebenzisi wendawo noma inethiwekhi lapho ungena ku-abasebenzisi abaningi kubhaliswe ku esigungwini olulodwa noma ezikhumulweni amaningi kule ndawo lendawo noma zenethiwekhi, nokunye. d.

I jikelele umqondo isicelo

Ngaphezu uhlelo okuyingxenye kungenziwa sikude futhi ezikhethekile software iphakethe elawula ukusebenza kwe-computer futhi inikeza yimuphi umsebenzisi ukwenza umsebenzi othize. izinhlelo ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-applications.

Yiqiniso, namuhla uhla imisebenzi bayakwazi ukwenza computer ethuthukisiwe, uye wanda kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokusebenzisa amaphakheji ekhethekile zezibalo kalula ukuxazulula izinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuze tensor zibalo.

nezici ezintsha

izicelo Modern ezihlobene physics noma yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali ungakwazi belingisa ngisho ezinye zezimo phambi incarnation awekho okwamanje empilweni yangempela. Software amaphakheji ezifana AutoCAD ukunikeza amathuba kakhulu nabaqambi izinhlelo ezihlukahlukene ezindaweni ezahlukene kakhulu ubuchwepheshe isayensi.

Futhi yini okufanele bayisho mayelana umsindo nevidiyo? Ngaphambili, konke wehla nje ukubukela futhi ukulalela, futhi manje uthole kalula ezinye software iphakethe lochwepheshe, ilawula ukusebenza kwe-computer futhi inikeza hhayi kuphela ukuqopha umculo noma vocals studio, kodwa futhi ikuvumela ukuba adale umculo ngaphandle amathuluzi nhlobo. Ngesikhathi imisindo efanayo izicelo ezinjalo akahlukile amathuluzi "wangempela".

Kungokufanayo uya isiqophi ukucubungula. Bheka, ngoba impi efanayo Neo Morpheus kusukela kwakhululwa ingxenye yokuqala ye trilogy "The Matrix" u abalingisa kuyo uhlelo kunokuba wathwebula bukhoma. Nokho, uhlu ukuqhubeka cishe unomphela.

Uhlelo Standard-Windows

Nakanjani ukuthi zonke yesistimu yokusebenza eyaziwa namuhla has a standard software iphakethe elawula ukusebenza kwe-computer futhi inikeza umsebenzisi konke okudingekayo ukuze enze neminye imisebenzi evamile. Ngenxa yokuthi singabalandeli ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ze-Windows OS ukuguqulwa, cabangela lokhu isethi ethile.

Lapha ungathola umphathi ejwayelekile ifayela ngokuthi "Explorer", indlela ukubuka nokuhlela izithombe ingcaca, umdlali umculo nevidyo, umbhalo abahleli, indlela yokuphathwa uhlelo kanye ukucushwa ngesimo "Control Panel", esakhelwe isiphequluli ukufinyelela i-Inthanethi, Amathuluzi ukulungisa amanethiwekhi wendawo noma ebonakalayo, kwezimali ezikhethekile kubantu abakhubazekile (isibonelo, ukwenziwa lezo ezingaboni kahle, uhlelo uhlongoza ukusebenzisa isikhulisi sandise Nia isithombe) nokunye okuningi.

Companion Izinhlelo kanye Izici

Phakathi ezinye izingxenye ezengeziwe Kufanele kugcizelelwe software iphakethe elawula ukusebenza kwe-computer futhi aqinisekise ukuphepha kwezingane ezihlukunyeziwe ohlelweni. Ngo-Windows, lezi zinhlelo zokusebenza abizwa ngokuthi zokuvikela noma i-firewall.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe zonke, abasebenzisi manje kabanzi anti-virus software elakhelwe ukuvikela amakhompyutha virus ukuhlaselwa noma ikhodi enonya, izicelo spyware noma izinhlelo ezingafuneki esingagcini nje kakhulu ukuphazamisa lonke uhlelo, kodwa futhi iholela 'upende wako ".

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Njengoba ubona, iphakheji software elawula ukusebenza kwe-computer - akusiyo kuphela "Isistimu", ukuhlinzeka ukuxhumana nomuntu PC, kodwa futhi eziningi izakhi ezengeziwe ezivumela ukugxila ukusebenza umsebenzi othize. Ngakho sathi kuphela "Isistimu", abanawo. Lapha ukuqonda eside ubanzi kakhulu. Futhi uma acabangele ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, owazi, mhlawumbe esikhathini esizayo esiseduze, izinhlelo ezinjalo ngokuvamile eqele ngalé nokuqonda kwethu kwamanje futhi ngeke ukubhekisa ngekwetinhloso letehlukene ngokuphelele, kodwa ngisho unanticipated.