Repo-ukuthengiselana - Iyini? Repo ukuthengiselana: Ngabe isebenza kanjani?

abolekise okuqondile, kuzo zonke izinhlobo zawo, akuyona siyazuzisa ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwezinye izimo, kuba ukuthi kusebenze ngempumelelo ukusebenzisa ezinye izindlela ukuze ngithuthukise isimo sakhe sezimali, omunye okuyinto repo-ukuthengiselana. Kuyinto ekhethekile nokudayisa uhlelo okuzofakwa kuyo wadalula imfuneko: umdayisi ukuthenga izimpahla emuva ngaphambili ithengiswe, noma bangase babe. Ngokungafani eseduze, ngale ndlela isikhathi esifushane, wonke amalungelo ukusetshenziswa ukuya ngqo umthengi (ngaphandle ezingavamile). Kuphela uma yenziwa ukusebenza reverse, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ngokugcwele isikhungo repo bayobuyela umnikazi wangempela. Ngo ukuthengiselana okunjalo ngokwanele nomlando omude, futhi, banikezwe izici le ndlela, umthetho osanda kuphela saveza isikhundla ucishe ecacile futhi ezanele ngalolu daba.

indaba

Ngokokuqala ngqá into efana repo ukuthengiselana okwafika njengezwi ngo-1917 e-United States. Isizathu kwaba izintela eliphezulu kakhulu le mpikiswano yaphakanyiswa ngokuqondene nezenzo lempi. It Sekunzima kakhulu futhi ezingenanzuzo kakhulu ukusebenzisa obolekisayo izinhlelo pre-ekhona. Kwakunesidingo baziqambela into entsha, engcono. REPO - segama lawa magama isiZulu ukuthenga sivumelwano, okuyinto cishe ihumusha ngokuthi "ukuthengiswa nokuthenga sivumelwano." Uhlelo lokuqala kwaba ukusetshenziswa Federal reserve Isikhwama okungukuthi okunemibandela isimo inhlangano. Ekuqaleni lokhu kwenziwe ukuze kahle futhi ngempumelelo ukuqinisekisa abolekise ohlelweni yasebhange. Kancane kancane izinzuzo le ndlela baye baba sobala lonke izinkampani. Futhi kuze seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili futhi Yokuwohloka Okukhulu, ukuthengiselana okunjalo baye baba ethandwa kakhudlwana. Khona-ke isimo somnotho ishintshile kanye nesidingo zomculo ezifana nje wanyamalala engu-30 waphinda olufanele repos yayimane nje ngo-1950 futhi kusukela kwasakazeka emhlabeni waphinda kuyanda. Ikakhulukazi, igama ikhompyutha, ukuxhumana kanye noma yini ehlangene nakho, lalingesinye Umfutho ukuqhubeka insimbi wezimali.

imigomo

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi yaba repo-ukuthengiselana - kuyinto okufana ethengiwe noma ukuthengiswa kwempahla. Eqinisweni, umgomo oyinhloko yale msebenzi loans short-term esenana kokuba cishe ukubaluleka efanayo amafa (kokubili ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezimweni eziningi intengo into kuthengiselana ekuqaleni kuthengiselana, kancane esingaphansi ekugcineni. Lokho Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona isitokwe okubiza ruble 10 000. Le nkampani uthengisa ukuphepha ithola ayizinkulungwane 10. Kusukela lokuyihlenga sihlinzekela wokuhlengwa saziso kwalokho, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kuyodingeka ukumhlinza reverse. Kodwa ngesikhathi kokusebenza kwalo kungase kube njalo ukuthi lesi senzo manje nibaluleke ukudlula ayizinkulungwane 15. Ngenxa yalokho, izinkampani uyobuyela hhayi 10, kodwa 15 ayizinkulungwane. Ruble. Inzalo ka zombili isobala. Ngakho, lo muntu obolekayo ngokushesha okukhulu uthola lemali oyifunayo, futhi ayemkweleta esikhathini esifushane yesikhathi ithola inzuzo enkulu. Ngokwemvelo, njengoba kunoma iyiphi enye isimo nge izimali, njalo izingozi ezingase zibe khona okuyinto kuleli cala kungaba kunaleyo ukuthengiselana ezinzile cacisa amakhredithi. Kodwa iholo okuholela kuyazuzisa yini ngempela.

REPO into

REPO ukuthengiselana nge ukwabelana ithandwa kakhulu, inzuzo, lula futhi ethandwa. Ekuqaleni, kwake kwaqondwa ukuthi imisebenzi efanayo oyokwenziwa kuphela izibambiso. Noma kunjalo, njengoba ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo waqonda ukuthi by Isifaniso Singabambisana yimuphi omunye izimpahla noma imikhiqizo. Okwakushiwo imisebenzi enjalo nakanjani okufanayo, kodwa Isici esiyinhloko kuba wamaphepha eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze ubhalise ubunikazi ilungelo ngaphansi lokuyihlenga sebanga izibambiso, kuyodingeka ichithe ama esincane isikhathi. Kodwa ukuze bafeze imisebenzi efanayo nge izimpahla, imishini noma ingcebo bebelokhu ngokukhethekile ukubhekana nale nkinga, okungase kudinge umzamo abalulekile futhi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi.

Izici and Izinzuzo

Kafushane, ukuthi lo muntu obolekayo futhi umbolekisi, kwachazwa ngenhla. Kodwa uma ucabangela iqiniso lokuthi kuba nokubambisana letihlomulisa isisekelo isiphelo sesimiso iyiphi repo kuthengiselana (kanye nanoma yimaphi amanye amalungiselelo zezimali) kufanele kabanzi ngaloludaba. Ngakho, umbolekisi (ie, kuya ngomuntu ozuza into), le ndlela kunenzuzo ngoba iba umnikazi egcwele impahla. Ngo okuhlukile yakudala abolekise ubunikazi yayisalokhu ukuze uthole lo muntu obolekayo, nakho ezimweni eziningi lokhu akunakunisiza kakhulu (ikakhulukazi uma izinzuzo uyakuba mkhulu, ezincane itemu ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla). Ngokwesibonelo, uma umbolekisi ngasizathu simbe wenqaba ukuhlenga impahla yakhe yangaphambili, enye inhlangano ngokushesha futhi kalula njengoba umnikazi egcwele, ukuthengisa izimpahla bese usebenzela inzuzo yazo. Ngeke kudingeke ukuba ulinde ukubamba komlandu iphendukele ukugcwalisa for ezikweletini, nokunye. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi i-ukugcwaliseka Iqiniso Inani elimaphakathi yesivumelwano kuyinto into ebalulekile nje kuphela, hhayi kunoma yimuphi umbandela wezimali okwamanje umboleki. Okungukuthi, kungenzeka yini ukuba abe nesithakazelo umuntu onikeze imali uma inikeza into liquid ingaqinisekisa ilungelo layo efeni. Ngenxa yalokho, inqubo lula kakhulu futhi asheshisa. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi usizo umboleki yesibili. Kungakhathaliseki kubi kanjani izimali akavumelani kwakunjalo, uma kukhona izibambiso izothandwa (noma eminye imikhiqizo efanayo), angabenza imali, futhi akudingeki ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi noma amandla.

Wabelana namavoti

Kukhona esinye isici ukuthi sizalwa nawo kuphela eyohlinzwa ezinjalo, njengoba kuthengiselana repo. Isibonelo sazo yilesi: Le nkampani uthengisa amasheya ephethwe ezenziwa ngayo. Umnikazi ezuzisayo izibambiso kuyinto ayemkweleta, kodwa izinzuzo engakutholi - basuke kubhekwe impahla yomnikazi odlule kuze kube ngomzuzu eyohamba senqabe ukuthenga repos into. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izwi ezinikeza amasheya kakade okungewakho yona ayemkweleta, okungaba inkinga kwezinye izimo. izinkampani abaningi bakhetha ukubhekana ngesikhathi esifanayo bahlelekela inkontileka ukuba amandla ommeli, ukuze singalahlekelwa ilungelo lokuvota. Yiqiniso, konke kuncike uhlobano phakathi zombili, izimfanelo umsebenzi wabo, kanye nezinye izinto eziningi.

izintela

Kukhona esinye isici esibalulekile futhi ethakazelisa kakhulu ukuthi ehlukanisa REPO-kuthengiselana. Lokhu ukukhokhwa kwezintela. Ikakhulukazi, eziningi ongakhetha nokudayisa imisebenzi enjalo, ezihlobene ke ekhishwe izibambiso, kakhulu inzuzo kakhulu kunamanye. Ngokwesibonelo, ngesikhathi kuthengiselana evamile kungadingeka akhokhe intela ngoba iqiniso nje kuthengiselana. Kodwa endabeni ye lokuyihlenga kubhekwa okuhlukile lapho inkokhelo yenziwa kuphela umehluko phakathi kokuqala intengo isitokwe (noma ezinye nokulondeka okufanayo) kanye nezindleko zayo oyinhloko. Kuyinto ishibhile kuka kwezinye izinhlelo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kumayelana hhayi kuphela nokuvikeleka, kodwa futhi izinhlobo ukuthengiselana eyaphothulwa ngempumelelo. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana ukwabelana nathengwa emuva, futhi akahlalanga umbolekisi impahla. Futhi khumbula ukuthi isikhathi esiphezulu ngeke sidlule izinyanga 6.

Kuhlukaniswa for intela

Enye yezinkinga eziyisisekelo ukuthi kuphakama ukusebenzisa nje isimiso esinjalo intela, uma kunesidingo, kuyinto isidingo zokuhlukanisa ngokucacile kuthengiselana into yayo. Okungukuthi, udinga ukuba awaqonde ngokucacile ukuthi noma ukusebenza oluthile ukuthenga elula noma ukuthengiswa izibambiso, noma kungaba uhlelo nguye ofanelwe udumo ngenxa repo hlobo. Empeleni, izidingo nemibandela eyohlinzwa enjalo ibilokhu echazwe ngenhla. Inkathi - akukho kuka izinyanga 6, into - okufanayo, ebhekisela izibambiso esikhishwe. Ababambe iqhaza kuthengiselana ezimbili kuphela, futhi musa ukushintsha, nokunye. Kuphela uma inqubo elihlangabezana nazo zonke izidingo, sizonikeza oyithandayo uhlelo intela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi umthetho kuvunyelwe extension encane, kodwa ayisekho kuka kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi lwamanje. Ngokwesibonelo, uma igama elithi kuthengiselana uphela Disemba 10, kungenzeka ukunweba ke kuze kube sekupheleni kwenyanga, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu.

Repo ukuthengiselana ne Central Bank

yasebhange Russian okwamanje isebenzisa lezi izinhlobo imisebenzi kuphela ukuze ahlinzeke zezimali. Nguye kuphela uba umthengi, ukuthenga izibambiso ku credit izikhungo. Ayikho enye amaqembu awacatshangwa njengoba abahlanganyeli emakethe. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuze ujabulele izindawo okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, izikhungo isikweletu kufanele ngempela baphile ngokuvumelana nezimfuneko washo Central Bank. Kungenjalo, nabo futhi akekho ngeke zisebenze. Elingafaki repo ukuthengiselana nge amabhange kuhilela ezintathu izinhlobo izaphulelo - ephansi, ukungena noma ezingeni phezulu. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi 100% DISKONT kokuqala senzo ngeke amukelwe njengoba izibambiso.

Mshini kanye nemingcele

REPO ukuthengiselana ne Bank of Russia eyenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili. Eyokuqala ihilela endalini, kwesibili - izindleko fixed. Labetibambile indali yamasonto onke naleli ukudluliswa kweemali 1 iviki. Eceleni ungentiwa indali ngaphezulu, wagxila nemalimboleko-6 izinsuku. Inkathi, ukuhlolwa nokwanela kwezicelo, inani ukuthengiselana kanye nezinye izinto zinqunywa kuphela Bank of Russia.

Repo Ukuthengiselana: Accounting

Ngokungafani uhlelo intela, okuyinto kuyizici ezibalulekile izakhiwo ezahlukene ngoba lokhu kungaba kakhulu ukushintsha lemali okumele ikhokhwe, konke silula kakhulu ezimali. Ngakho, yonke le misebenzi ziboniswa nje ethengiwe noma ukuthengiswa iliphi ifa. Ayikho izici ezikhethekile noma esinye isenzo okungezona ezijwayelekile Akekho lapha, ngoba elandela uhlelo ejwayelekile kumane kubonisa ukuhamba lokuqala kuncike ukuthenga sivumelwano kwelinye direction, bese, njengoba ephindela - kwenye.

Imiphumela

Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi repo-ukuthengiselana - ke ulula futhi indlela ecacile amakhredithi. It kunezinzuzo eziningi phezu ezivamile, izinhlelo zakudala ngaphezulu, kodwa kukhona inezici ezithile ezingathandeki. Omunye wabo angagula kubhekwe njengento engeyona ingozi ephakeme, kodwa isidingo amahloni kakhulu ukudlulisela ubunikazi egcwele yanoma yimuphi amafa. On the like ungakwazi kuphela ukukhokhela ukuya izinkampani ezinkulu ngempela.