Yini esongela Russia amanani kawoyela iwe? Isizathu ukuwa kwamanani kawoyela

Njalo umhlali Russia uyakuqaphela isimo ezazikhona olufanayo ezweni lakhe. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, Ruble wawa kakhulu, futhi kwaphumela ukwanda kokutheleleka kudlange kakhulu amanani. Ukuthengwa izimali zakwamanye amazwe isibe cishe akunakwenzeka, kanye namabhange uhlangabezana nobunzima e cashing inhlokodolobha enkulu amaklayenti abo. Plus, intengo kawoyela wawa, ukuthi labhuntsha emnothweni isimo buboke.

Kungani bawe intengo kawoyela noma ukwenza itulo yezombusazwe

Uma ucabangela isimo eRussia kuphela kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono, ochwepheshe abaningi wazi ukuthi kukhona ingxenye lezombusazwe izenzakalo emakethe uwoyela. Abaningi banombono wokuthi ukuwa abukhali kwamanani kawoyela - Kutama "uyochoboza" Russia wezenzo zawo maqondana Ukraine. Labetibambile kuhambisana ezenzeka ngo-1979. Ngemva inhlokomo e-Afghanistan, US eyayenziwe ngamabomu nokuncipha izindleko "igolide black", ngicabanga ukuthi lokhu nakanjani kuyoholela wokugoqa wase-USSR. Lokho ngabe isimo manje futhi yini esongela Russia ukuwa kwamanani kawoyela, akunakwenzeka ukuba ngokuqiniseka. It uhlala kuphela ukuhlola umnotho isimo enkulu.

Sinjani isimo e indumo uwoyela namuhla?

Uma eminyakeni embalwa edlule kwakukhona inkulumo mayelana nenhlekelele amandla, namuhla bamkhohliwe emhlabeni. Ezimakethe uwoyela, supply kuyinto izinyathelo ezimbalwa ngaphambi funa. Lokhu kungenxa umkhiqizo uphethiloli e-United States. Kuyinto Melika namuhla ingenye yezindawo ehola imikhiqizo uwoyela ukuthekelisa. Ukwanda abukhali ekukhiqizeni lokuhlelwe kanye e-Canada. Russia nase Saudi Arabia ukuphakela fuel ukuze ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele umthamo ofanayo. Ukuwa kwamanani kawoyela emhlabeni ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi abathengi elikhulu uphethiloli (US nase-Canada) namuhla kuphela wayeka ukuthenga uphethiloli, kodwa futhi ziye zaqala ukuthi ukukhiphe. Libya wabuyela emakethe emva yangaphakathi zinqobe futhi Iraq, US ukwesekwa.

Yini Kunzima ukuqagela intengo yamafutha na?

abahlaziyi abaningi abakwazi ukubikezela lapho ukuncishiswa ekupheleni kwamanani kawoyela. Lokhu kungenxa imininingwane yalolu ukuhweba nophethiloli. Ngo ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele izimpahla yangempela% 5 kuphela imali ingqikithi. Ungqimba lonke impahla - iyona ikusasa, okuyizinto izinkontileka nokulethwa uphethiloli esikhathini eside. Ngezinye izikhathi intengo "black igolide" umthelela impi futhi zemvelo, ukuwa kwezomnotho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, futhi kwenzeka ukuthi intengo umkhiqizo uhlala esimweni static, ngisho nezinguquko eqinile ekukhuleni komnotho wezwe. Kuyini kucace nje yokuthi supply idlula ngokufunwa, futhi isimo esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ngeke kushintshe.

umnotho waseRussia namandla

Yini esongela Russia iwe kwamanani kawoyela, akekho ongasho, kodwa isixhumanisi ocacile isimo emakethe amandla kanye nezomnotho isimo ukulandelela namanje ayiphethe. Kusukela ngo-1999, lo somabhizinisi ngenkuthalo ezikhulayo (kufika ku 2001) kwaba. Lokhu kwakuhambisana a ukwehla kwamandla kazwelonke futhi umsebenzi elungiselelwe umenzi yasekhaya. Esikhathini kusuka 2003 kuze kube namuhla kwaba nokuchuma Russian is ngqo exhumene ukukhula oqinile yemandla emhlabeni. I isimo esikahle sokuxoxa avunyelwe kuleli zwe ukuba abuyisele izikweletu bangaphandle ukwandisa izinqolobane Central Bank sika angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu 425 zamaRandi.

Ngokuthi iqiniso lokuthi ubudlelwane kwezomnotho ne-Europe, izwe ikude kakhulu. EU amazwe lihamba kude izimpahla Russian zikaphethiloli elusa ukubambisana Saudi Arabia. Konke uya bephakamisa unswinyo olubhekiswe Iran, kanye nokubuyiselwa supply uwoyela Iranian ukuba eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke.

Qedela ukuncika emakethe Russian uwoyela

Yini esongela Russia ukuwa kwamanani kawoyela, kulula kakhulu ukuba ukuqagela, ngoba izwe kuncike ngokuphelele uphethiloli nokuthengiswa, ikakhulukazi namuhla, lapho nezinye izimboni baqala ukuletha imali okungenani nesabelomali. Ngakho, iChamber uye ngo-2014 imemezela ukwanda isabelomali ngenxa uwoyela ukuhweba ruble 1 trillion kanye ukunciphisa yemali engenayo ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-300 kuzo zonke ezinye izinto. Akukhona nje uwoyela kodwa futhi igesi, okuyinto waziphatha nokukhishwa Russia, kwenza isimo sibe sibi kakhulu. Ukwehla kwentengo kawoyela kwaholela nokwehla igesi amanani, njengoba intengo amandla undiza. Kukhona ukwanda kusilela by 0.5-0.7% njalo ngonyaka.

Shintsha isimo can izinguquko kuphela ezihlelekile umnotho kanye infusions ngokugcwele ekuthuthukisweni kweminye imikhakha yomsebenzi. Akunqandi ukusungula omusha isiqondiso isimo se-oda, ingcindezi kwezimali ebhizinisini nenkohlakalo. Phakathi imikhakha enobudlova womsebenzi, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo kungase zizinze Russia, kufaka ekhatsi tekulima nelesimbi.

ukuthuthukiswa ngokweqile we uwoyela negesi umkhakha kwaba isizathu ukuthi abaqashi akuzona uzimisele ukuthuthukisa, abanakho sikhuthazo. Ngenxa yalokho, sibone ukwehla ukuthandwa imikhiqizo basekhaya emakethe emhlabeni. izimboni Iningi kuthambekele umthengi yasekhaya, ke ufana esimangalisayo oda abusa phakathi nenkathi yamaSoviet.

Ngandlela-thile ukulondoloza izwe eyinkimbinkimbi samasosha zezimboni kanye umkhakha zenuzi. Imikhiqizo umkhakha uyawuthanda ukuthandwa okukhulu emhlabeni. Ngeshwa, uma kuqhathaniswa ngamafutha-gas wemboni imikhiqizo inzuzo ingashiwo mancane.

isabelomali waseRussia futhi ukuwa kwamanani kawoyela

isabelomali waseRussia eminyakeni emithathu ezayo ibalwa ngesisekelo yokuthi intengo kawoyela awehleli ngezansi amadola 96 umphongolo. Lo mkhawulo ayebhekwa isihluthulelo inhlalakahle wezwe. Eqinisweni, Brent (ukulethwa, sangomhla Disemba) namuhla ithengiswe ngentengo 78 zamaRandi. Lokhu kungaphansi 30% kunanoma enikezwa emakethe ngo-June. Naphezu kwesimo okungekuhle, ukwehlisa ukukhiqizwa amazwe uphethiloli timbiwa abaqondile. Ngemva amanani kawoyela ukuwa, ezimakethe zangaphandle ezivela yokuthengisa kwakhe kwehle kathathu.

Parallel ukwehlisa ibhajethi Russia kwehle inani le-ruble. Ukushoda we lwemali US ubumbe nesimo esibucayi e-izinkampane ezinkulu commercial, njengoba isidingo ukuba abuyisele credit izibopho ngeke iphele lwemali. Sibhebhetheka ukuziphatha isimo sabantu. Abantu, ngomzamo ukugcina imali yabo, baqala bakamalalahlengezela ukuthenga izimali zakwamanye amazwe. Demand kudlulwe ukuthengisela, kanye inkambo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa lenyukele ku highs mlando. Lapho kuye kwaba khona ukwehla kwamanani kawoyela ngo-1986, isimo mitigated khona umcamelo zezimali, okuyinto eye wavumela ezweni ukuze usinde ezikhathini ezinzima ngaphandle umonakalo omkhulu. Namuhla, izimali isitokwe emabhange umuntu ilinganiselwe kakhulu, okwenza izakhamizi Russian banovalo. Plus, uhulumeni kulo nyaka uye wachitha engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-90 ezabelwe lwemali ngomzamo ngandlela-thile ugcine ruble. Ukuze ekulinganiseni isimo akwenzekanga.

Yini esongela Russia amanani kawoyela iwe?

Namuhla e-Russia, wawa ezikhathini ezinzima. It kuyafaneleka ukucabangela iqiniso lokuthi imbangela yokuwa kwamanani kawoyela akayedwa. Uphalafini emlilweni wathela futhi Government of the State uqobo. Ngokusho abahlaziyi kanye zezomnotho ngamazwe, isimo uwoyela emakethe Kungenzeka izwe kuyisandulela wokugoqa kohlelo lwezezimali, 50% okuyinto imali amandla yokuthengisa. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi ukwehla uzoqhubeka nje intengo emgqonyeni uwoyela ngeke kutsetselelwe izindleko zayo zokukhiqiza. Okwamanje, i-index intengo uye Ngafaka 38%. Futhi ngeke ayeke. Ekupheleni 2014 futhi ekuqaleni 2015 isimo ezifanayo kulowo zagxila nokwehla kwamanani kawoyela ka 2008.

Isimo ngamafutha kwathinta amazwe emhlabeni wonke?

Abakhiqizi lamafutha oluthambile e-US kuzovimba izindleko zabo besizwe uphethiloli, uma izindleko ngeke ifane kusuka $ 40. Ngokwe-Energy Agency, izindleko emgqonyeni ku- $ 42 ngaphezulu izindleko ukuthuthukiswa "igolide abamnyama" ku Bakken Ukwakhiwa, okuyinto ngenkuthalo azixoshe OPEC oyilungu. Kwamanye amazwe, ngokuvumelana Monetary Fund, isimo simi ngale ndlela:

• Kuwait, UAE kanye Qatar ulindele izindleko $ 70 umphongolo.
• Iran - 136 zamaRandi.
• Venezuela naseNigeria - zamadola 120.
• Russia - $ 101.

Lapho ukunciphisa amazinga idatha ngenhla isimo yenu kuyovumelana kancane kancane liyombozwa esimeni esibucayi. Bese ngeke kube nankinga, asikho isizathu ukuwa kwentengo kawoyela.

Umthelela lamafutha dollar ukuphila-abathengisi baseRussia

Ukwehlisa intengo yemali wamafutha eminyakeni 2014-2015. ephelezelwa waba ukwanda okukhulu kwezincwadi dollar, okuyinto uhlala lezimpahla uketshezi kakhulu uhulumeni waseRussia. exchange angaphandle kusilela buye baphoqa uhulumeni ukusithatha social hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinye izibopho eziningi zakulelo lizwe. Muva nje, ingxenye ukuqhutshwa e currency angaphandle ezithengisiwe ukuthengwa kwezincwadi ku-imizana ruble nabantu. Namuhla lokufeza izibopho kungenziwa igcwaliseke kuphela udaba (ukuphrinta imali). dollar kusilela - ngenxa yokuwa kwamanani kawoyela - hhayi nje izinkinga ukuthengwa kwezimpahla amazwe, futhi kwezinye izimo wakwenza ngokuphelele engenakwenzeka. By the way, ngemithi amazwe nezisetshenziswa zokwelapha, imishini ihhovisi kanye namaselula, izindwangu, imishini kanye nezinye izinto olungaphezu kuka-80% wemakethe.

imiphumela obala falling amanani kawoyela kanye kufihlwe yokungenisa izimpahla. Sales amavolumu abawayo kakhulu, amanani andayo, labantu saphela kuphela. Igalelo wokuqala waba ngaphansi izinkampani ukungenisa, njengoba izinsizakalo zazo yilezi alisasebenzi. Ukulandela 'umgodi onganamkhawulo' landizela subcontracting amabhizinisi, ikakhulukazi, izinkampani zokuthutha, emafektri kanye nabanye. Ngenxa yalokho, gxuma elibukhali kwemisebenzi nobubha ezingeni zokwenyuka kwenani labantu.

Kanjani iconsi amagcobo phezu kwesihloko izakhamuzi ezivamile

Ukuwa kwamanani kawoyela kuye kwaholela izinguquko global hhayi kuphela emkhakheni commercial yezwe. Ngenxa yokuntuleka izinto ezibonakalayo futhi ngomzamo ukusindisa isimo sinqanyuliwe ngesikhathi sokukhokhaela izinhlelo eziningi. Kusho phezani ukwenza embonini yezokwakha. Ancishisiwe nezinzuzo zezenhlalo. Ngo kwamabhange khudlwana inani imali ezingenamsebenzi, okuholela ucabanga weemali. Kukhula intengo umthengi uthinta imikhiqizo angaphandle hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi yasekhaya. izindleko lenyuka production okuholela ekutheni akhokhe amaholo aphezulu. Kulokhu, zonke isakhamuzi isilinganiso yezwe akakwazi ukuzizuzela ubuncane ezidingekile izimo zokuphila.

Yini izibikezelo ukunikeza abahlaziyi

Naphezu yinkimbinkimbi isimo, izenzo ehlelekile futhi ezakhayo uhulumeni waseRussia kungaba bushelelezi out isimo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ngezinye izindleko emgqonyeni uwoyela at $ 60-70 umnotho ke ongema. Isibikezelo sezulu sezinsuku Nethemba Lokuhle ivumela izikweletu ezincane sangaphandle isimo futhi kancane kusilela in inani ruble 700 billion.

Experience 2008-2009, wakwenza kwacaca ukuthi ukunciphisa izindleko emgqonyeni lamafutha $ 40 hhayi kuphela ngadonsa ingubo kusukela yizinyawo Russia, kodwa azizange zivikele Olympics kuleli zwe. Naphezu abampofu isimo izimali, amasheya okufanele kudonse unyaka nesigamu. Yiqiniso, zonke izibikezelo nje futhi zimo kungenzeka, okuyizinto izibikezelo kuphela. Kanjani isimo kuyoba sezigcwalisekile, akekho ngokuqiniseka yini.