Eucalyptus (umuthi) okuyinto lukhula? Ukuphakama zikagamthilini. Isiqu zikagamthilini

Ugamthilini - egameni lesiLatini Ugamthilini - mude zilwane elikhula nezihlahla. Ikhaya ukuze imidondoshiya of flora oluhlaza nezwekazi kencanikhulu - Australia futhi lesi siqhingi eliseduze ezwekazini. Evergreen zikagamthilini kwesihlahla (isihlahla) baseYurophu alethwe France phakathi kwekhulu XIX sikhule emasimini, kanye namafomu yemifino - in zokugcina. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, lezi namabhilidi oluhlaza, amaphampu zemvelo nasesiphephweni amagciwane zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe.

Plant, "ukushintsha kwesikhumba"

Emhlabeni, hhayi kakhulu izitshalo, okuyizinto ekhululiwe amagxolo ngokwakho ezaziwayo. umbhali Russian V Solouhin umxhwele iqiniso ukuthi, lapho iholidi baye eCaucasus. Waqaphela ukuthi zikagamthilini - ". Phakade ekuvuseleleni" emthini, iBhayibheli Chynara (Nemisikhamori) unamandla ngokuzimela kabusha cortex. Ukuze uthole isici okufana esihlahleni ibizwa ngokuthi abantu "ngokunethezeka kokungabi namahloni."

It is kabanzi iziqu ezinamandla futhi iqine amafutha abalulekile ekwelapheni, amahlamvu, okungadingi kabusha zikagamthilini (isihlahla). Incazelo yaleli sitshalo esimangalisayo kuhlanganisa imininingwane eminingana ezithakazelisayo. Ngokwesibonelo, olwelwesini amagxolo yithela ngoMashi, lapho kuwa kwenzeka Nenkabazwe oseningizimu. Khona-ke iziqu kanye namagatsha zikagamthilini kukhona grey, umbala ogqamile, ophuzi, ngezinye izikhathi bluish.

incazelo zikagamthilini

I amaqabunga esihlahla - futhi okuphambene elandelayo, bese ubheka ubungako bawo incike yobudala. Izici eziyinhloko idivayisi ishidi - ifomu eyodwa isiqeshana plate, khona cell-cell nezindlala ngamafutha ebalulekile. Adult ishiya - lanceolate nge tip esicacile. Ubude 12 cm, ububanzi -. 2,5 Ngo esemncane, banalo evelele esiliva tint isiyingi noma ifomu amise okwenhliziyo.

Ugamthilini - isihlahla, hhayi enikeza izithunzi, ngoba izindwani leaf ujike onqenqemeni-ku ukuze ilanga. izimbali White - ngithanda abesilisa nabesifazane, eqoqwe inflorescences umbellate noma paniculate, kukhona eyodwa. Sepals tho nge esibelethweni, futhi iphimbo lignified, umphumela uba izithelo - ibhokisi ngesivalo. Ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu amancane, okuyinto lisana ukunwetshwa valve.

"Ugamthilini" Rod

Izimbali siluhlaza nezihlahla siwuhlobo ka umbomvana. E-Australia, ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze 90% zezitsha bemvelo babengebona abafowabo amahlathi zikagamthilini. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-700 zama-Eucalyptus esihlanganisa uhlobo lwe, iningi labo zimila Australia, 15 kuphela osikweleta imvelaphi yabo eziqhingini Oceania.

Eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-100 zikagamthilini (isihlahla) is kutshalwa Ezindaweni ezishisayo esipholile ku amazwekazi ezintaba zase-Eurasia, e-Afrika kanye Melika. Kube kwakwandile kwezinhlobo eziningana thermophilic, ezimila eMedithera, e-United States, i-Brazil, eMpumalanga Ephakathi, eChina. Lezi zihlanganisa i-Eucalyptus:

• prutovidny;
• alimondi;
• ibhola;
• ashy.

Eucalyptus izimbali ungenalo flavour oqinile, kodwa ekhanga izinyosi. Lezi abaqoqi umpe nempova e-Australia uthanda zikagamthilini. amafutha ebalulekile kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zikagamthilini kusetshenziswa imithi ehlukile futhi esemthethweni isetshenziswa kwamakha, izimonyo. ayelapha futhi ibe namaqabunga lezi zitshalo Australian emangalisayo.

Ugamthilini - kwesihlahla ezinde kakhulu emhlabeni

Izihlahla kuhluke okusheshayo, ukukhula ngesivinini. Ungathola zezinhlobo mikhulu Usufike kuphela ihlanganisa iminyaka eyishumi ubudala. Nangu amaqiniso amangalisayo:

• zikagamthilini alimondi iminyaka embalwa yokuqala yokuphila ekhula ukuze 3 m emgqonyeni obukhulu ukuze 6 cm;
• Izihlahla vivo kungenzeka eminyakeni 5, ukuphakama 12 m, ukujiya - 20 cm, zaziwa izimo ubudala ephakeme kunaleyo m 150 (30 m selilonke ifinyelela enjalo isihlahla engavamile) ;
• ukuphakama (zikagamthilini) umgqomo 20 ngokuvamile eneminyaka engu-30-40 m;
• izakhi izihlahla eminyakeni 5-6 ukufinyelela 27-30 m ukuphakama.

Adume umbhali Russian kanye semvelo K.Paustovsky kuqhathaniswa zikagamthilini kanye AmaConifers. It kuvela ukuthi kweyisihlanu isitshalo emangalisayo ukhiqiza ugodo ezingaphezu kuka sonwele noma fir eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-120.

Ukusetshenziswa "amafu oluhlaza"

zikagamthilini isihlahla ukuphakama eminyakeni 20 - isakhiwo 15-storey. ovuthiwe ngokugcwele futhi isilungele ukuthengisa ukugawula kokwehla eneminyaka engu-eminyakeni 25-30. Iminyaka engu-40 izihlahla zinde futhi mkhulu oki Bicentennial. Eucalyptus paper, amakhadibhodi. Umhlaba udumo ngiyitholile izinkuni hard uqine emadanisekako ngekhwalithi abantu abamnyama ziyadliwa. Kucishe akusho ubole, eshona amanzi, okucasulayo izinambuzane, umbazi.

Iziqu ka zikagamthilini esetshenziswa lapho ukuqina ezidingekayo material. Yinqwaba imigqa eqondile futhi isihlahla bushelelezi ume emanzini asolwandle amashumi amabili eminyaka kungekho izimpawu zokuwohloka. Lolu khuni zinhlobo ezahlukene anemibala ehlukile, ungachazwa ukuthungwa. Egajwe amathoni ophuzi, umnqumo, elimhlophe ngokubomvu, okuyinto ikakhulukazi okufunwa umkhakha ifenisha kanye umhlobiso zezakhiwo.

izihlahla transgenic

Phemba izinkuni zikagamthilini kanzima, kodwa baphuma ke amalahle isezingeni eliphakeme. I-biotechnology neminyango izinkampani ezimbonini baye edalwe izakhi zezinhlobo ezikhulayo 40% ngokushesha, ngisho ipulazi obukhulu, ukukhiqiza izinkuni eziningi kanye namalahle. Plantation zezitshalo transgenic - zikagamthilini, uphayini, Poplar, sasigaya upopo kanye nezinye izithelo, oilseed ukudlwengula, sayinela ukungena, imifino - zithatha indawo enkulu emhlabeni. kulinywe yabo zokuhlola Kwenziwa 1980 emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngalezi ukudla isitshalo, nezindaba lezimpahla, wahlangana global ziyanda izidingo energy zingalungiswa.

Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 ukutadisha kungenzeka Israeli ukutshalwa biotech kwezentengiselwano GMO izihlahla, zikagamthilini kanye Poplar. isingeniso Mass lihlala commercial ezifana okwakheka kuphela imithetho yokuphepha begazi. Bona lokulawula sphere of kwegazi imikhiqizo transgenic, kodwa ngeke bashiywe ngaphandle abangaphumelelanga kuwo wonke amazwe.

Imiphumela isingeniso GMO bengayiqondi kahle, kodwa kuyacaca ukuthi transgenic zikagamthilini kukhona livikela kakhulu izinambuzane, ungaba nomthelela washonaphi eyawela enhlabathini nangemisebenzi yezinto eziphilayo. Imiphumela ezihlobene webs ukudla zemvelo. Eucalyptus futhi Poplar impova chitha bazihambisa ezindaweni eziningi kakhulu, uphile iminyaka ngeminyaka, ngakho emiphumeleni elimazayo iqhubeka isikhathi eside.

Yini kungaba yingozi zikagamthilini ukushintshwa (isihlahla)? Lapho ekhula Ngokwesibonelo transgenic, sizungezwe amafomu zemvelo, kungase kube impova zabo bobabili. It is ayedume emkhakheni ochwepheshe bio-ukuphepha, igcwele nemiphumela ongalawuleki. Ngokushintsha imisebenzi kungaba yimpumelelo yesehlakalo nightmarish okuvela kwi-movie yesayensi, lapho amahlumela ezikhulayo ngesivinini ezithandekayo ngezibhakela odongeni.

Eucalyptus landscape design

Evergreen wumoya anezakhi kakhulu njengoba inhlabathi eluhlaza seyomile. Eucalyptus izimpande bayakwazi ukuncela isamba esikhulu ngokungavamile yamanzi, ngakho isihlahla ubizwa ngokuthi "futha oluhlaza." Landscape umklami Uyobiza kukhona nezinye izici eziningi ezibalulekile, okuyinto has zikagamthilini.

Umuthi Simila ekhaya kaningi, kuba undemanding, kudinga yesondlo sakugcina. Isikhathi esiningi kanye nokunakekela adingekayo kumiswa bonsai usebenzisa amagatsha izihlahla kanye stem main. Ngo landscape design zikagamthilini efanelekayo inhlabathi kuqiniswa emithambekeni, amagquma kanye namabhange kwamadamu okugcina amanzi, ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi. Lesi sitshalo ukhetha ezimanzi kodwa kahle akhanywa loam umhlabathi (pH - ongachemile wavuma esidi).

Amandla okwelapha zikagamthilini

Ngo izibhedlela zase-Australia sekuyisikhathi eside hung amagatsha zikagamthilini umoya magciwane. isitshalo labelwe oluyingozi ifa umphumela isinqandakuvunda futhi sine. Ukumnika amaqabunga asetshenziswa abantu imithi njengenhlangano expectorant, magciwane kanye ejenti eqeda ukuvuvukala. izilonda elinegciwane agezwa nge 15% zikagamthilini eshiya umhluzi (ngaphambili inzalo).

uwoyela zikagamthilini

Iningi efanelekayo ngoba impatho kubhekwe amafutha abalulekile eyatholakala kusukela Eucalyptus zinhlobo ibhola (ibhola). Njengoba izinto zokusetshenziswa kwezokwelapha namaqabunga ezinhle kuphela ubudala zalesi sihlahla. Ukuqoqa nabo ihlobo noma ekwindla, lapho iphesenti uwoyela luyanda. Njengoba ayefa isizinda for oluyingozi izinto elimnandi kungaba kokubili amahlamvu fresh futhi omisiwe. Amafutha kagamthilini - kungekho nto enemibala emihle, uketshezi ophuzi noma umbala ogqamile nge iphunga elimnandi. Lokhu kushiya umkhiqizo ukucutshungulwa kahle aqabule emoyeni, lokugcwala kwalo kube luqhatshi ewusizo futhi kujabulise. Eucalyptol, ingxenye uwoyela, expectorant isinqandakuvunda futhi iyasiza yezifo ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo nomphimbo. It is lisetshenziswe izifutho kanye candies ngoba umphimbo obuhlungu, umkhuhlane.

Ukuze ukutshala zikagamthilini egumbini Kungcono ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zezitshalo ezisengadini kuqhathaniswa ekhula ongaphakeme, izithombo nezithombo ukubeka endishini encane. Kudinga transshipment yonyaka noma ukudlulisa, elangeni okukhulu kanye ukuphuza amanzi amaningi.

amahlamvu olunephunga elimnandi zohlobo ngalunye oluphilayo zakwazi ka zikagamthilini babe ukunambitheka zabo, elihlanganisa amanothi lemon, wavuka, violet, Lilac. uwoyela Iningi ukuhogela okusikhumbuza umfire, turpentine, camphor. Ezindaweni lapho bekhula zikagamthilini sicela ubheke amahlamvu nenhle futhi ewusizo, ukuhlanza emoyeni ukukhiqizwa oluyingozi.