Emakethe emhlabeni

Eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke kuwumphumela ukuhwebelana phakathi kwamazwe. Kuyinto sphere olukhethekile ubudlelwane lezimpahla-imali, okwenzeka phakathi lamazwe ngamanye, esekelwe division yezici zokukhiqiza kanye nabasebenzi.

Eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke ingenye imikhakha eyinhloko umnotho wezwe, kuhlanganise nemingcele yayo eziyisisekelo futhi enezela ngayo nezinye izici ezibalulekile zihlobene ngokuqondile ukuhamba izici zokukhiqiza ngezinga lomhlaba wonke.

Umqondo ezimakethe zomhlaba ngokuvamile kuchazwa ngezindlela ezintathu: ngokombono ngohlaka macroeconomic komnotho wamazwe omhlaba; ngokombono iqhaza ku exchange international kwezimpahla namasevisi yezihloko; ngokombono wezomnotho kwezombangazwe.

Njengoba nohlaka macroeconomic yomnotho womhlaba wemakethe jikelele iqoqo ezimakethe ezweni lonke kanye nezimakethe ngabanye ukuhlanganiswa kwezomnotho namaqembu ezweni. Ukubandakanywa kwemikhandlu ahlukene izimakethe kazwelonke ngokuvamile kunqunywa sihileleke ngezinga elingakanani yezwe ngokwaso kwamaZwe futhi waveza ukwabelana ezivamile ngokwezinga layo ngokugcwele.

Ngokombono yezihloko umnotho wezwe, ezibamba iqhaza kuhlelo yohwebo emhlabeni, ezimakethe zomhlaba wuhlelo umnotho wamazwe omhlaba, kuhlanganise abathengi, abakhiqizi, izinhlangano kanye abaxhumanisi ukuqinisekisa ukugeleza lobudlelwane ukuthi yakha supply aggregate funa.

Ngokombono wezomnotho kwezombangazwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke luyinhlanganisela yokuthengisa nokuthenga izimpahla ezehlukene (amasevisi) phakathi izinhlangano ngabanye emhlabeni-class umnotho.

Ukwakheka eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke ngenxa ukubunjwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinhlangano zokukhiqiza lezimpahla kanye ngamazwe emakethe yezabasebenzi. A nomthelela omkhulu ukuvela yayo iye yaba ukuthuthukiswa emikhulu umshini umkhakha.

Kukhona izimo eziningana ukuchaza. Okokuqala, ukuphishekela inzuzo idale izimo best for ukuthengiswa kwemikhiqizo hhayi kuphela ngaphakathi emazweni abo siqu, kodwa futhi nangale. Ngakho wathatha isimo isimo lapho ukuhwebelana kwamazwe omhlaba kanye eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke baqala cishe siyachazwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, igama umkhakha umshini ekwenzele ukukhululwa kwe omningi izimpahla ukudayiswa, okuyinto wandisa imingcele solvency amakhasimende eziye zavela ezimakethe angaphandle.

Likhono eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke zaqala ukukhula ngokushesha. I amaningi asethuthukile izimboni zathuthelekela ezikhiqizwa njalo emazweni angaphandle. Umkhiqizo omningi uye kwaholela funa kwandisa izinto zokusetshenziswa, okuyinto futhi kwaholela sokuhoxisa okwengeziwe ezimakethe zomhlaba hhayi kuphela abathengi kodwa futhi nabathengisi. Kancane kancane bakha emakethe hhayi izimpahla kuphela, kodwa futhi jikelele capital emakethe, umsebenzi oyinhloko okuyinto ekuqongeleleni kanye ukuhanjiswa kwezinsiza ngendlela dolobha phakathi kwamazwe.

kwamiswa eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke njengoba ethathwe kazwelonke, isimo njengoba yaqala ukukhululwa kwe yimuphi umkhiqizo ngokwabo, futhi kuphela ke izimpahla ngokweqile waya kude. Lokho eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke, futhi kwabonakala emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba.

I izici eyinhloko eziphethe imakethe yomhlaba wonke zimi kanje.

Umthamo - supply Imininingwane kuyatholakala emakethe ngesikhathi esithile. Ngokwezinombolo ke ilingana yenqwaba Imininingwane izwe emazweni angaphandle.

MR imvelo - lena supply yangempela uphoqe, okungaba okusezingeni eliphezulu, ongaphakeme noma zilingana. Imvelo kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi, kodwa nethonya main ke enalo isimo jikelele emnothweni wamazwe omhlaba (yokutakula - sokuntenga komnotho ezweni sihlalise - sokuntenga komnotho ezweni sihlalise - ukucindezeleka) kanye isimo somnotho izinhlelo ngabanye amazwe amaningi; abadlali ezimakethe zomhlaba jikelele (kulapho kubo kwakukhona yakhiwa izakhiwo ezinkulu monopolistic, kulapho Cishe kungenzeka monopolization wemakethe esikhathini esizayo).