White Movement: izizathu ukunqotshwa e kulwiwa

Mhlawumbe indaba kulwiwa eRussia kuyafundisa kakhulu ikhasi amatafula memory kazwelonke. Lezi zenzakalo zisikhumbuza ukuthi akufanele bavunyelwe Kunoma yikuphi, kulesi sigaba sama-impi - the ongenangqondo kakhulu, ngesihluku futhi igazi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kodwa lezi zenzakalo Ngishoné e obishini lokuphelelwa umlando. Kodwa washiya nani elihlaba umxhwele ezindabeni. Omunye yezinto ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ezibalulekile: "Kungani elahlekile White ukunyakaza" izizathu ukunqotshwa, "Abamhlophe" izokwazi ukuchaza amagama ambalwa, njengoba lokhu umphumela kuholele iqoqo izici okuyizinto okungekuhle kubo.

esikhundleni entry

Isimanga siwukuthi kodwa linqoba division zomlando phakathi "red", "amhlophe" futhi "green" phakathi nempi cishe lingekho. Siyini isizathu? Ngesikhathi lapho kukhona ukuphazamiseka ezimbi, umuntu kunzima olongahle ujoyine yiliphi iqembu. khona engamakhulu "okhulelwe" umuntu "ehlukile" umlandeli yokubusa kwamakhosi noma inguquko. Futhi lokho kulungile, ngoba isimo esinjalo owawukhona ngaso sonke izikhathi nangaphansi kwanoma iziphi uhulumeni.

Kulula ukushintsha isiqondiso ingxabano, eyodwa nje kuphela, kodwa ngisho lonke ibutho lezempi! Futhi abaningi ubuyele emuva naphambili izikhathi eziningana phakathi naleyo mpi.

Inganekwane "Terror Red"

Ngo imithombo eminingi yesimanje esinye sezizathu esinamandla kakhulu kokunqotshwa "Abamhlophe" kuyinto "uqeda ukwesaba elibomvu", okuyinto kusolakala "ajikijela ngawo izinyawo zabo ezweni bethukile." Maye, ukwesaba kwaba. Lokho abakwenza umkhuba nje wakhe wonke amaqembu ukuba ingxabano, futhi akudingekile ukufuna phakathi kwabo "kwesokudla" futhi "okungalungile". Ngesikhathi lapho izinhlaka zemiphakathi kuhlulekile, uma kukhona ezingeni esibucayi ukungezwani, abantu ngalutho, ngakho kalula ukuya izinyathelo ezinzima kakhulu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye akufanele sicabange ukuthi yonke le nsimu yayibona ezwe elaliyi-Russian Empire ngokuzumayo waphenduka phakathi kwesithando somlilo ovuthayo ayenawo, ekuqaleni obomvu nomhlophe babe iziqhingi amancane azungezwe kwezilwandle njengoba yayinjalo mass ngokuphelele inert salezi abantukazana. Kuyaxaka ukuthi, kodwa obomvu nomhlophe (ingasaphathwa "oluhlaza ezinodaka") wayekwenza ukunxenxa mass abasekeli phesheya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, elikhazimulayo "izikhulu tsarist" ngezinye izikhathi ungafuni ukulwa. Kube khona izindaba lapho kuboshwa izikhulu baba oweta zokudlela Kiev, futhi wasebenza zonke imivuzo. Ngakho akukho ngaphezulu ukudla.

Kungani sonke ukhuluma ngani? Kulula. Ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi yini ukudideka esabekayo, waba ngukumkani ezinyangeni zokuqala noma ngisho neminyaka yempi. Kwakukhona "bokuphakama obuqand 'e White Manpower, akhulume ngalokhu kanti Reds. Iningi labantu nje bafuna ukuphila ngokuthula, ngokushesha ngokushintsha "umbala" ngokuhambisana ezingokoqobo zezombusazwe. Ngakho niphihlizwe ukunyakaza esimhlophe "? Izizathu kokunqotshwa amanga akhe imininingwane eminingana.

Yini okudingeka ibutho?

Yimiphi amaqembu, ukukhuluma cishe, kwakudingeka izinto ezimbili: Ibutho ophilayo (okungukuthi, ukubuthela) nesinkwa. Yonke enye into izolandela.

Bobabili imithombo zingafundwa kuphela endaweni, kuphela abantukazana eside ukuhlupheka, engesiyo Uzimisele ukunikela lutho kunoma ubani. Yingakho - umkhuba zobuphekula, okuyinto aye ayisebenzisa kaningi zombili njengoba okuyinto ithuluzi efanayo wayekujabulela lokhu Yesikhashana Uhulumeni ka Kerensky. Umphumela has njalo ongumlimi nokuvukela, okuyinto ephinda ukuyiveza ngu nxazonke kulwiwa, futhi izindlela ezinesihluku kakhulu.

Futhi ngenxa yokuthi "ukwesaba obomvu ezimbi" okuthile okungavamile wayengekho. Noma kunjalo, lokho akusho ukugqama ukwesaba emhlophe. Ngakho ukuthi amaBolshevik iwine hhayi ngenxa "izenzo zobudlova." Ngakho, ukuhamba ezimhlophe kubangela izilonda kwakuyilawa:

• ubunye umyalo;
• inhlangano abampofu;
• Imibono yamaKhomanisi kunephutha.

Nazi 3 izizathu kokunqotshwa White ukunyakaza. Ake sihlolisise ezimbalwa iphuzu ngalinye kulawa, ngalinye elikwazi efihla eyinkimbinkimbi yezimfundiso eziyinkinga. Ngamunye wabo ungase ukhotha ukunyakaza White. Izizathu kokunqotshwa manga yokuthi beye benza ngesikhathi esifanayo.

Omunye nefukezi, le isikhuphashe futhi Pike ...

Ngokuvamile, isenzo ekuqaleni obomvu namanje kwaba lula kakhulu. Babesebenzisa ukudlala esimweni lapho umbuthano - ". Umyalo isikhungo"-ejenti amaphoyisa omshoshaphansi, lapho ngamunye kungaletha, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba athumele elilodwa Esikhathini Civil kubo kwadingeka enze nse, kodwa kulezi zimo amaBolshevik ngokwabo babekhokha edingekayo ukufaka game. Babefanele ukuwuqondisa, kodwa ukwenza kwaba lula kakhulu.

"Kuphatfwa ngemphumelelo"

Kodwa White wayegila ezimweni ezinjena afune izinto ngenkani kwabanye zimbi kakhulu, futhi amaphuzu umbono okwenzekayo, ababenakho kaningana. Ngesikhathi ukuphakama ekulweni ekamu obomvu ucishe iyunifomu empeleni alwa angaphezu kweshumi nambili ezimhlophe, futhi abaningi amabutho azo besiphikisa obala inqubomgomo. Ukwanela kwezinto okwenzekayo konke lokhu akuzange engeza manje.

Empeleni, wonke le lokudlela futhi "okwakhe" waba bancishwa ithuba lokuwina ukunyakaza White. Izizathu wamanga behluliwe ukungakwazi ukuxoxisana kanye nesikhathi ukuze aqede abantu ngokungagwegwesi yingozi. Ngokwesibonelo, isimo Entente. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaBolshevik babe ngokungagwegwesi ababuthakathaka, ababuthakathaka futhi wahlukana, njengoba ngomunyu futhi wabhala uVladimir Ulyanov. Kunengqondo, bayofuna kusukela kubangane bawo, izikhali neziqhumane, usebenzisa yokuthi lezi oda kakade ikhokhwe nguhulumeni tsarist, yebo futhi ukuxazulula le nkinga unomphela ...

Elahliwe futhi

Kodwa labo amagobolondo efanayo banquma ukucela amaJalimane. Lesi sakamuva, ngalahlekelwa kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, buthule wanyamalala, futhi "umbimbi" we Entente, ukuziphatha aphazamiseke abamhlophe wawungangesabi ezisheshayo babanikele isizo ngempumelelo. Ngo-1919, akhetha ukuyokhonza amabutho yokungenelela. Ngoba kwenzenjani? Futhi ezingase uwanike ukunyakaza White? Phangani ingcebo Russia, base kulula olulodwa-handedly, kodwa "umbala yezikhulu," wonke-ke, ekugcineni kwahlaluka ukuthi (okwamanje) akudingekile.

Lapho Reds ekugcineni kwavela futhi bakwazi ukuqhuba imisebenzi ngempumelelo okuhlaselayo, interventionists ngokuphuthuma zasobiralis ekhaya njengoba elwa nabo engafuni, nomhlophe ngesikhathi ekugcineni ahlukaniswe, morale yabo ivuliwe ongaphakeme kanye umgomo - esiyivelakancane njengoba utalagu ogwadule. Khumbula, by the way, lokho omunye izizathu kokunqotshwa White qembu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ongaziwa Nakuba kungase kungakholakali, lo untula yekuphila.

Kunezinkinga eziningi, kodwa akukho izixazululo ...

Ngo ezingemuva esimhlophe limitrofov eziyishumi sokweyisa, izinkinga okuyinto ingaxazululwa elibomvu kuphela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye umkhuzi ucishe enekhono ezingemuva ezimhlophe khulula ibamba abanye "Ataman", aphanga futhi abulala abantu abangu-, kodwa "izixwayiso futhi usola," ekulweni le "izephula-mthetho," engafiki. Hlobo luni ubunye umyalo zibe khona kungaxoxwa ngazo uma nezikhonzi elikhazimulayo wazibonakalisa akakwazi nhlobo yezenzo eziyisisekelo yenhlangano?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, emhlophe ngamabomu Wakhutshwa nomunye kusukela izithakazelo yesikhashana, ayengakwenza ibisangulukile okungenani cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo ekuqaleni okuhlaselayo, njalo wangena izivumelwano ahlukene nanoma iyiphi lendawo "woCzar."

Kulokhu, ohlangothini lempi kubo kumele bakhokhe intela: ezimweni eziningi, ababekade izikhulu tsarist babe nezimo ngaphezulu futhi aqeqeshiwe kangcono amaqhinga. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ungabikho phakathi eziningi smart rose izinduna obomvu, bashiyé wangaphambili ochwepheshe autocratic. Ibutho futhi "monarchists" zehlula sifana omunye igenge enkulu nge kahle predictably ongaphakeme empini yokulwa zezakhi komugqa. Iziphi ezinye izizathu kokunqotshwa White ukunyakaza kulwiwa?

chaos yenhlangano

Kepha inhlangano phambi ekhaya, konke ke Kwakunzima nakakhulu (Nokho, okuningi kakhulu sibi). Omunye kuphela Denikin ayesithole okufanayo kusukela oMfelandawonye ngo-1919, 74 ethangini, okungenani 148 ezindizeni, amakhulu izimoto, ogandaganda eziningana kweshumi, cishe angamakhulu amahlanu izingcezu wezikhali, kuhlanganise amasampula esindayo, izinkulungwane eziningana izibhamu izibhamu, izigidi nezinhlamvu kubo .... Yebo, ngisho ngcebo yebutho bobukhosi, qa imisele ka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, kuphela baphupha! Ngakho iziphi izizathu kokunqotshwa White ukunyakaza, lapho zanqwabelana isisindo ubuchwepheshe akukwazanga ukwephula phambi nganoma iyiphi indawo?

Zikuphi zonke kungasekho?

share sengonyama yazo zonke izibhamu ezinhle noma intshontshiwe futhi ithengiswe ... bonke isisindo okubomvu noma efile bazinza endaweni ethile endaweni yokugcina izimpahla elikude, lasendulo ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kutholakala ngisho maphakathi nawo-40s kakade ebuthweni lempi laseSoviet phakathi ukubalwa kwezimali. Ngakho izizathu kokunqotshwa ukunyakaza White - ukweba banal, ukunganaki, futhi wobugwala.

Howitzers abangafundile izibalo zakamuva bakwazile "ukubulala" nje kwamasonto ambalwa. Ngemva kwalokho, izinduna Soviet kukhunjulwe ukuthi elimhlophe kwenye isibhamu kosuku kazithathanga engaphezu kwengu-20 imizuliswano ngenxa okuphelele "yokuntuleka yesiyalo" leyo nto.

Kwabiwa ozenzekelayo kwezinsiza

Kodwa emva esiqinile white kwaba "ziwe isinkwa French": imali eningi ukuze ngalo ku noboya nezinto zokuhloba abathandi, kusihlwa amabhola kanye amadili. Futhi lokhu ngesikhathi lapho amabutho Bayehluleka yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba nge Reds?

Ngaphezu kwalokho, namuhla omunye kungaba ngokuvamile ukufunda ku amanoveli mayelana "abafunde kakhulu isikhulu elimhlophe" mayelana "obomvu Ragged". Mhlawumbe ngesikhathi esithile kwaba njalo ... Yilokho nje uColonel Katomin, eyeke kuya "Belyakov, 'ukuchichima kokuthula kamunyu zaphawula lamaphoyisa zokudakwa nemibuthano amasosha. "I red akunakwenzeka ... Noma yimuphi isikhulu upivshegosya wabe esemdubula, isimo salo izimbangi zakho kuphezulu kakhulu," - yilokho akaze abatshele ozakwabo ezintsha. Ukuze lokuthi wayeseholela cishe washaywa ngesikhathi ukusebenza. Nampa, izizathu kokunqotshwa White ukunyakaza. Ngamafuphi, lokhu kudideka ngezinguqulo futhi ndaba zalutho Imininingwane.

Futhi lokho ingasaphathwa izingxenye "ukubandakanya engaziwa," baba nomuzwa e rears monarchical ngokukhululekile kakhulu. Izinswelaboya futhi ababehlubukele, "bawa okholweni" kusukela ingxenye yabo abahlaseli band oluhlaza - ukubhekana nazo, kwakungekho muntu, futhi ukwenza ke akekho owayefuna. Ngenxa yalokho, ezingemuva ukubola, ngaphambili futhi waba ngukumkani lokudlela ephelele. Akekho futhi akukho unesibopho lutho, ukuze babe icashile izizathu kokunqotshwa White ukunyakaza empini yombango ...

Kufanele kuqashelwe ikakhulukazi izilungiselelo ukunakekelwa kwezempilo. izibalo Esinembile izinga ekulahlekelweni impilo azitholakali, kodwa ukuthi White enikeziwe medical aid ukuthi abalimele ... izinga okubi kakhulu ezaziwayo. Ngo Umlando wakhe futhi imibhalo ezigciniwe ngokuphindaphindiwe ihlangabezane izinkomba mass ubhubhane ze-typhus, ukungabi okuphelele yezokwelapha evamile emabuthweni ahlomile, ukungakwazi ukuhlela esibhedlela ucishe evamile ngisho ngaphambili langemuva.

Imibono yamaKhomanisi

Kukholakala ukuthi monarchists "izinyembezi" wamkhumbula "Russia okuye kusilahlekele" futhi wazikhandla ukuze ubuyisele kwamakhosi. Nazi nje akunjalo. Yebo, kwakukhona abamhlophe monarchist okuqina kodwa umlando uyakhumbula kancane ezinjalo. Ngezindlela eziningi, izizathu ekunqobeni Reds futhi ukunqotshwa White ukunyakaza lalala nesiyaluyalu yokushintshashintsha, ngisho ezingeni ngemibono. "Belyaki" abakwazanga ngisho nokuvumelana nomunye ngazo izinhlelo kabusha ngemva kwempi yezwe, ingasaphathwa "ukugoba" futhi uchaze into "labavoti" yakhe futhi engathandi umuntu. Futhi lokhu ngesikhathi lapho Reds wadala sebuholi commissars, ngempumelelo ephoqelela nemibono yayo.

"Mina Said - Done!"

Futhi ungacabangi Chatters elula obomvu: Hhayi-ke, uma umgomo ke wafuna wakhe. Benza lokhu ngokubonisa ukusebenza okungokoqobo kwezimiso nezinqubomgomo zayo. Monarchists futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe iphutha "balabolov" Kerensky noHulumeni yayo Yesikhashana: zithembiso engenangqondo, amafilosofi esilufifi, ukuntuleka iziqinisekiso for the "labavoti" - dwebela izizathu kokunqotshwa ukunyakaza White, okuyinto evumelana ukunambitheka yakho ngokwabo.

Nakuba Lenin yakhuluma genius kwakhe inkimbinkimbi isinqumo awuthembisa abasebenzi isinkwa zwe ukuba abalimi, ababekade izikhulu tsarist nezikhulu ligcwaliswe e kusitsho ukuxoxa iphrojekthi olandelayo oshayiwe esizayo. Yilokho izizathu kokunqotshwa White ukunyakaza.