Uyini isici esiyinhloko, akha ungqimba lomhlaba?

Kulabo abantu walalelisisa wokufundisa esikoleni, ngeke ukwazi ukuthi isici esiyinhloko, akha ungqimba lomhlaba - mpilo.

ungqimba lomhlaba, izici zayo

Izinhlobo ezimbili eyinhloko ungqimba lomhlaba kuyinto yezwekazi futhi wasolwandle. Leli gama lisikisela, bahlukene kungasiphi isisekelo. Ziyashiyana Ukwakheka, isakhiwo kanye nezinye izici.

Izinhla uqweqwe woMhlaba izifunda wasolwandle kanje:

• inzika, ohlanganisa phansi olwandle (ukushuba ungqimba - kusuka amamitha ambalwa amakhilomitha amabili);
• basalt, ngenxa crystallization magma kwakhiwa okuyinto akube kusakhulunywa ngaye emakamelweni magma (ukujiya - kusuka amakhilomitha 4 kuya ku-10);
• gabbro-oyinyoka esasihlukanisa uqweqwe ngaphansi kongqimba (5-6 km).

Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngaphambili ahlukaniswe uqweqwe wasolwandle kuphela lokuqala izingqimba ezimbili, kodwa siqhuba izifundo Geological, ososayensi baye bathola ungqimba sesithathu.

Izinhla uqweqwe woMhlaba izifunda yezwekazi:

• Inzika (ukujiya - kufika ku-15 amakhilomitha);
• egwadle (15 kuya ku-50 amakhilomitha);
• Basalt (15-20 amakhilomitha).

I uqweqwe yezwekazi sinesikhundla okukhulu (t. E. wugqinsi) kuka olwandle, ngoba liyophuma ngaphezu kogu lolwandle, futhi ezindaweni sezintaba jikelele kuzidlula uqweqwe wasolwandle kwamandla.

I amakhemikhali ukwakheka uqweqwe eMhlabeni

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, element main, akha ungqimba lomhlaba - mpilo. Ngokwemvelo, akusiyo ekhona ifomu okumsulwa, futhi uba compounds nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali ufaka ukwakheka, futhi ngenxa yalokho Ingxenye salo amaphesenti angaphezu kuka-49.

Ukwakheka uqweqwe ubiza aluminosilicate, aluminium compounds (isici 13 ethebuleni zesikhathi izakhi zamakhemikhali) ne-silicon (Silicium - ethebuleni zesikhathi izakhi isethi yemiphumela 14) nomoya-mpilo. Iphesenti wasolwandle uqweqwe Sio ₂ - 61,9, lapho yezwekazi - 49,4, bese okuqukethwe enkompolo aluminium Al ₂ O ₃ Cishe efanayo - 15.6% no-16% ngokulandelana. izakhi Okunye ezifana ne-calcium, magnesium, Ferrum, titanium, i-sodium, i-potassium, manganese, nakho oxidizes element main akha emhlabeni uqweqwe, kungene Ingxenye amaphesenti kusuka 0.1 kuya 5.7.

Iluphi ulwazi ekuhloleni ungqimba lomhlaba unika isikole isayensi geography

uqweqwe woMhlaba inqubo yemfundo kubhekwa esimeningcondvo okuyinto iplanethi enguMhlaba, ukuthi umbuzo endishini emaphakathi kwangaphakathi - umnyombo kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa futhi, eqinisweni, uqweqwe eMhlabeni, ehlanganisa amapuleti lithospheric, ezihambayo ngejubane ongaphakeme (kufika ku-10 amasentimitha ngonyaka) phezu nesiphuku. Uma geophysicist Canadian walethwa ukuqhathanisa ezithakazelisayo. Wathi Umhlaba iyafana iqanda, abilisiwe "Kukhonani kulesi sikhwama sakho", ukuthi hhayi ebilisiwe.

isakhiwo Crustal (Ibanga 7, ngasendleleni, kabanzi, futhi ngokuphelele uhlola isihloko kuka uhlelo lesithupha) sifundwa ngesisekelo izincwadi, okuyinto asiwazi njalo isikhathi izinto ezintsha kanye nezinguquko kule nokwakheka izinto Zomhlaba. Kodwa nemiqondo eyisisekelo yethulwe ngempela kufinyeleleke futhi ngendlela efanele.

Izimangaliso kusukela Earth

Ungacabangi ukuthi uma ukuhamba zamatshe koqweqwe kuyinto abangelutho - ngamasentimitha 10 kuphela ngonyaka, azikho izingozi ukuphila komuntu khona. Ngokuphambene nalokho, imisebenzi, kufihlwe ngaphansi kuqweqwe, a esebenzayo kakhulu futhi esinamandla. Sikhuluma ukuzamazama komhlaba nokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo.

Eminye imithombo ibonisa ukuthi ngonyaka emhlabeni wonke kukhona mayelana amahlanu ezinkulungwane nokuzamazama komhlaba okungamashumi ukujiya obuhlukahlukene. Umsebenzi eliphakeme ubonakala emhlabeni ipuleti Pacific.

Yini ukwenzani ngalolu inhlekelele?

Vimbela ukuzamazama komhlaba akunakwenzeka. Amandla ukuthi wayithukuthelisa inhlekelele, kwamandla yomuntu, ngokuba umthombo yabo ijule ngokungaphezulu kuka ungase ngesinyenyela esintwini. Sisanda "izintamo azungeze" ungqimba phezulu (okwamanje ngaphakathi 13 amakhilomitha) ngesikhathi lapho eqoshiwe indawo kwangempela Ukuzamazama kwaba 750 amakhilomitha.

Kodwa konke kwakwenziwa sikulindele izinhlekelele ezingase zivele, amandla aso nesihlalo indawo. Ngenxa yale njongo, seismographs.

ucwaningo njalo inikeza ithuba lokwenza isithombe umsebenzi seismological, futhi ukuthatha leli ku-akhawunti ngesikhathi kwakhiwa. Onjiniyela yena, sisebenza imiklamo emisha uyakwazi withstanding ezenzweni ezinjalo. Yenziwa umsebenzi okuqhubekayo ku yokwazisa umphakathi mayelana ukuthi baziphathe kanjani uma ukuzamazama komhlaba.

mkhuba nezesabekayo kungenzeka ngenxa isishayo - tsunami. Ngakho, ngo-2011 i-amagagasi amakhulu amanzi olwandle wachitha izwe lamadodana ka-North-East of Japan, ngenxa ngokushona kwabantu abangu-angaba yizinkulungwane 16, futhi abangaphezu kwesigidi izakhiwo eyabhujiswa ngokuphelele noma ingxenye. Kubandakanya sikhungo ezintathu ngesikhathi esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi "Fukushima-1". Kuba nabantu abangaphezu kuka enamandla eyizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amathathu ayesele ngaphandle nophahla phezu kwekhanda lakho. Lo mcimbi efanayo abathintekayo Ukujikeleza eMhlabeni, kodwa kunzima lubonakale kuze abantu, njengoba usuku baba emifushane ngu microseconds 1.8 kuphela. Kunjalo, ngokuthinta phezu uyini isivikelo esiyinhloko, akha ungqimba lomhlaba, saya izinkinga ezingase ziphakame ngenxa izinqubo efihlwe ke.