Uyini imashi? Musical uhlobo, izibonelo zezimangaliso

Marsh ngokuyinhloko elihlobene ne ukunyakaza ihlelwe amabutho. Eziningi zalezi izinqubo mazenzeke umculo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvumelanisa ukuhamba amasosha. Ngakho-ke, le mashi obizwa nangokuthi, kanye ne uhlobo zomculo.

Umsuka uhlobo

Impendulo yombuzo lokho mashi butholakala emlandweni ngalezo zikhathi lapho uhlobo kwamiswa nje. Ekuqaleni lokuqala lolu hlobo lomculo zingatholakala eminyakeni eminingi edlule. EGrisi lasendulo Nombuso WaseRoma lixuku ukunyakaza ngempela ephelezelwa umculo. Lokhu kusiza ukuba silondoloze isimo salo amasosha. Yingakho amamashi ku zokubetha ngokuvamile bejabule futhi eyingqabavu, ngoba usethe erenki futhi ifayela nezinduna. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kule formula aliguquki.

Uyini imashi? Libuye libe ngokuvumelana zomculo, okuvumela amasosha ukuhambisa ekuvumelaniseni nomunye. Kunjengoba amamashi enjalo abavuka ngasekupheleni neNkathi Ephakathi eYurophu. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, umsebenzi efanayo eyenziwa omasha ingoma. Ezikhathini zanamuhla, amathuluzi main zomculo ngawo kwenziwa nokumasha, izigubhu steel kanye imitshingo. Ngosizo lwabo, kwaba yindlela elula ukuthola isigqi kunesidingo. Uyini mashi yempi? Lokhu akuvunyelwe isicelo uhlobo kudingeka inhlangano kangcono nomkhankaso wempi. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaba ukuphila ethandwa futhi kwansuku zonke.

Ukubukeka mashi eRussia

abaqambi Academic kwekhulu XVIII seziqale ukufaka uhlobo umculo bawenza ngentshiseko lo msebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi, ezifana amakhonsathi, Suites kanye umculo wezinsimbi. Kunokuba sikhungatheke noma sidumazeke ukuvula le mashi kubabukeli abaningi. Lezi bomculo, izinto babe Ludwig van Beethoven, Gustav Mahler noFrederick Chopin.

Ngenxa ukuthandwa eYurophu mashi ukungena Russia. Kwathi ngenkathi uPetru I. Inkosi wazama nesimanje ibutho yasekhaya ngokuphelele imodeli Western. Ngakho-ke, kwavunyelwana hhayi kuphela ifomu nokuhleleka, kodwa futhi zihambisane nezinsimbi zomculo. Petersburg elite regiments babe ngokushesha ngemuva imashi yabo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leli siko basakazekela kwezinye amayunithi ibutho. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, akekho owayazi eRussia mayelana inzuzo okuletha ngomculo lempi. I mashi baba yesambulo.

"Farewell ka Slav"

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu XX kwakukhona omunye amamashi edume kunazo Russian - ". Farewell ka Slav" Ngo-1912, lo msebenzi lalotshwa trumpeter Vasiliem Agapkinym. Ugqozi ngoba laliyisikhungo Okokuqala Balkan neMpi.

"Mashi Slav" uye waqaphela umculo elula, sibonga ngalo cishe sekube uphawu kazwelonke yeRussia. Waziwa nangokuthi phesheya. Umkhiqizo ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa movie Western njengenhlangano imfanelo ibutho laseSoviet noma isiRashiya.

"Mashi Slav" lethiwa njengophawu isiphetho esindayo esilindele bonke amakhosikazi nomama ayethwala amadoda abo ngaphambili. Ngokuthakazelisayo, inguqulo yasekuqaleni umsebenzi zomculo akubandakanyi umbhalo. Zonke izinkondlo avele kamuva kuphela, lapho Ihubo kwaduma kakhulu ibutho Russian.

Ngo-1915, amarekhodi kuqala nge irekhodi wokudedelana engunyaza. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi kwaba kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Amabutho, emoyeni kwakudingekile "duhopodemnaya" umculo leso bekungekhe kube ngesaba ukuya phambili. Ngakho waba mashi.

Melody awuzange ukhohlwe ngisho kwamaSoviet, nakuba abaningi it is hhayi ukwenza izinto ezingenangqondo beqonda njengoba iwuphawu kwenkathi wasebukhosini. Kuze kube manje kukhona mpikiswano eshubile mayelana ngabe "Farewell ka Slav" ku umbukiso kwesibhamu ka-November 7, 1941 wabulawa, lapho amabutho bathunyelwa ukuvikela izindlela yenhloko-dolobha amabutho amaNazi.

ERussia lanamuhla ngaphansi mashi endleleni ethunyelwe aqine izitimela ukubuthela ezishiya amakhaya azo ziye ukuya empini.

marsh Mendelssohn

Ngo-1842 i- umqambi German Felix Mendelssohn wabhala mashi yakhe edume kunazo zonke, eyagcina uphawu ngamazwe zemishado nomshado. Ekuqaleni, ngokuvumelana umbhali omsebenzi wakhe wawuyingxenye ekhonsathini ibika "Midsummer Ebusuku Dream", elaba isisekelo ahlekisayo ngu omlobi wemidlalo oyiNgisi, uWilliam Shakespeare. Inkosi Prussian Friedrich Wilhelm waba yogqozu mzamo encane, wayala suite umqambi egcwele.

Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, mashi Mendelssohn sika aqala ukuzinyeza okwanele bephila impilo. Lena isibonelo esivelele uhlobo is yayisukile izimpande yawo yezempi. Kusukela ezazingaphambi kwayo isebenza nge Mendelssohn wathola isakhiwo liyabonakala futhi isigqi, kodwa lutho kwezempi kule umculo wayesehambile.

"Radetzky Mashi"

Classic amamashi ezempi owaziwa emhlabeni wonke. Ngokwesibonelo, imisebenzi Johann Strauss Sr, ayebhalwe 1848 elindelwe uthola isiphetho esinjena. Yakhe "Mashi Radtsekogo" Kwakuwukuzinikezela kuya marshal ensimini eyasindisa kwamakhosi Austrian kusukela Hungarian revolution kazwelonke. Kwakungekhona kuphela umculo, kodwa futhi inkulumo ecacile qotho kungani umbuso waseRoma wawunamandla. Ngalesi sikhathi, wezingoma odumile uphathwe ngendlela ukungqubuzana ngemibono okukhululekile nendodana yakhe (futhi umqambi), ukusekela Abashokobezi futhi wahlabelela: "Marseillaise" eneminyaka ngothango.

"Radetzky Mashi" elinde yimpumelelo engakaze ibonwe. ngokushesha Waba imfanelo esiyisibopho ibutho Austria. Ivame ukwenziwa le izimpi ka kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ukuthi siphakamise amabutho ugqozi. Kuyinto umculo lisebenza futhi okunzima. Marsh futhi namuhla ungezwakala e Vienna, okuyinto namanje kubhekwa inhlokodolobha izwe izinhlobo classical zezemfundo.

izici esiyinhlanganisela

Ngaphezu izici isicelo yayo, noma iyiphi nimashe izici ovelele liyabonakala compositional. Lokhu kulinganisela alinganiswe futhi isakhiwo ecacile. Abaqambi ababhala nokumasha, zama ukugwema kwenkululeko ngokweqile futhi Improvisation, ngoba kulesi simo amabutho kunzima ukulandela isigqi. Ngokuvamile isakhiwo wonke umsebenzi kusekelwe nezigubhu zakhona, nokuthi amathuluzi eshaywayo kukhona lokuma abalaleli.

Akwazi ukuchaza kahle ukuthi yini le mashi Kuyadingeka uma sibala ezimbalwa zezinto eziphilayo yayo. Lokhu isebenza ebhaliwe ngqo yamathanga, isinyathelo kwesosha nokwakhiwa ikholomu. Bonke babe ubungako bawo futhi lilotshwe amaphethini athile. Enye uDavide ezivamile Marsha - umngcwabo. It wenziwa emngcwabeni nemingcwabo ngokwesiko. It libhekene Ihubo ngengoma.