Uyazi ukuthi i-truffle iyini?

Abantu abaningi baye bazwa ngalokhu kumakhowe omangalisayo. Siyazi ukuthi le makhowe ikhula endaweni ethile ngaphansi komhlaba, futhi ngaphandle kokusizwa abasizi abanezintambo ezine (izingulube noma izinja) akunakwenzeka ukuyithola. Mhlawumbe, kulokhu ulwazi lwethu luphela. Kodwa nokho kuyini i-truffle? Yiziphi izinhlobo zezinhlobo? Kungani enhle kangaka?

Olunye ulwazi mayelana nama-truffles

Ama-truffles ayingxenye yesibungulu se- marsupial, enezidumbu ezitholakala ngaphansi komhlaba. Izihlobo eziseduze ze-truffles ziyi-morels.

Ama-truffles avame ukutholakala emahlathini ahlukumezayo. Amafomu e-Mycelium trussel (mycelium) anezimpande zesitshalo lapho sikhula khona, inhlangano eqinile futhi ezuzisayo ebizwa ngokuthi i-mycorrhiza. Kuphelele, kunezinhlobo eziyisishiyagalolunye zama-truffles ezikhula ezingxenyeni ezihlukene zomhlaba, zonke izinhlobo zezilwane zikhetha izinhlobo zazo zemithi. Ngezinye izikhathi ama-truffles abizwa ngokuthi amakhowe, anezidumbu ezinjalo zezithelo, ezingadliwa futhi, kodwa ziyigugu kakhulu kunezingokoqobo. Kukhona futhi okungenakutholakala kubantu abafana ne-truffle - inyamazane, edliwa yizinyosi kanye namanye amagundane.

Ngendlela, umuntu akakwazi ukuthola indawo lapho kutholakala khona i-truffle. I-mushroom (lapho le nhlanzi yehlathi ekhula khona, izilwane kuphela ezinganquma) inephunga elithile. Ngokuvamile izinja eziqeqeshiwe kanye nezingulube eziqeqeshiwe zikhangwa ngale njongo.

Iyini ukunambitheka kwe-truffle efana na? Ihluke kanjani ku-fungi evamile? Le truffle ine-flavour yayo eyingqayizivele nokunambitha. Ikhumbuza kokubili imbewu enobuthi yelanga yelanga, ama-walnuts, amajikijolo ehlathi, ama- moss, amaqabunga awile-yilokho okushiwo yi-truffle. Amanzi lapho i-truffle idinga ukubekwa khona isikhashana iba njenge-soy sauce.

Ngokusho kwazazi-mlando, kwaziwa abantu baseSomeriya basendulo ngalokho okuyi-truffle, indlela yokukhipha nokuyidla. EGrisi lasendulo naseRoma lasendulo le fungus yayibizwa ngokuthi i-medicinal properties, futhi izazi zama-alchemist zasendulo zasebenzisa yona ngezinjongo zobuthakathi. Kodwa ukuthandwa kakhulu abawutholile ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaLouis XIV. Kithi eRussia truffles yathola emva kweParriotic War of 1812

Izinhlobo ze-truffles ezikhula eYurophu

EYurophu, izinhlobo ezilandelayo ze-truffles zihlangene:

• Ihlobo (elibizwa nangokuthi i-black Russian) i-truffle. Unomzimba ogcwele isifo sofuba noma ohlangene we-fruiting wombala omnyama obomvu noma obomvu. Ngokuvamile ikhula ngaphansi kwezimpande ze-birch, i-oki, i-hornbeam, i-beech. Isatshalaliswe cishe kulo lonke elaseYurophu kuze kube seScandinavia (kuhlanganise naseRussia). Akuyona into ebalulekile njengezinye izinhlobo ze-truffles, kodwa futhi kubhekwa njengokudla.
• I-truffle ebusika. Igobolondo laso (i-peridium) limbozwe ngeziqu ze-polygonal noma ze -roid. I-fungus ibomvu-violet noma emnyama. Kwenzeka ngokuyinhloko e-Italy, eFrance naseSwitzerland. Kuzwakala njenge-musk.
• I-truffle yase-Italy. Naphezu kwegama layo kutholakala naseFrance namanye amazwe aseYurophu. Izithelo zidwetshwe ocher okhanyayo noma umbala ogqamile. Unephunga elimnandi elimnandi, futhi linambitha njenge-garlic ushizi. Isetshenzisiwe, njengombuso, kwifomu eluhlaza.
• Okumnyama (okubizwa nangokuthi iPerigord esifundeni somlando saseFrance) kuyisimangaliso. I-mushroom, intengo yayo efinyelela ku-1000 € kilogram ngayinye, inombala osuselwa obala obomvu kuya kumnyama omnyama. Ingasetshenziswa kokubili efomini eliphekiwe neluhlaza njenge-seasoning.

Ngendlela, ama-truffles angakhula, nakuba kungenjalo ngendlela efanayo, isibonelo, ama-mushroom. Ngisho nasekhulwini le-XIX kwaqaphela ukuthi uma utshala ama-acorn esivela esihlahleni sama-oak, ngaphansi kwamathrasi, ngaphansi kwalokho izidakamizwa ze-mushroom ziyokhula ngaphansi kwezimpande zomuthi omusha. EFrance, lapho beyazi khona ukuthi i-truffle iyini, ngaleso sikhathi, 750 km ² zatshalwe yi-grove ezinjalo, lapho zikwazi khona ukuvuna amathani ayizi-1,000 zalezi zinhlobonhlobo. Ngeshwa, le nqubo isinde kakhulu. Ukuthola isitshalo esigcwele kuthatha iminyaka engaba ngu-30, emva kwalokho inani lamatrufle liqoqa amaconsi ngokuqinile.