Usizo lokuqala equlekile: algorithm yezenzo. Kuyini ikhoma e abantu

Bayanda nokufa emhlabeni zenzeka ngenxa yokuthi akubona bonke uyazi indlela ukunikeza usizo lokuqala ukuba isisulu. Ukuba beshaqekile, indoda wabona, wawa futhi akazange ukuhambisa owesilisa noma owesifazane eceleni kwakhe, simile futhi ngifuna. Futhi uma ngokushesha wadonsa yena ndawonye enikeziwe ngosizo oludingekayo, umphumela ungaba ezisindisile ukuphila kothile. Kubalulekile futhi ukuba nezihlobo zeziguli nezibi ukwazi lapho izimpawu acute, yini okufanele uyenze endabeni ethile, ukuze bakwazi ukunikeza usizo ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi. Lamuhla sitawubuka ngesihloko kubaluleke kakhulu: iyini ikhoma kubantu. Cishe wonke umuntu kufanele unombono ngendlela yokusiza, yini okufanele uyenze ukuze asindise ukuphila kwayo le ndoda.

Kuyini ikhoma kubantu?

Coma - kuwumbandela sina ukuthi libhekene ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko ukucindezeleka ne nokuquleka ezijulile futhi ukuwaphendula ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle. Kulesi simo isiguli saphazamisa izinhlelo eziningana umzimba: zokuphefumula, senhliziyo, kanye nabanye.

Enye yezimbangela eziyinhloko of ikhoma kukhona umonakalo omkhulu izicubu ingqondo. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa izicubu ukulimala, isib, ukuhlukumezeka noma ukopha, kanye ngenxa yokuba khona endaweni ngesineke pathologies ezithathelwanayo sina, ngobuthi nezinye izinqubo. Usizo lokuqala waquleka futhi emtholampilo ukufa kubaluleke kakhulu, eqinisweni kungasindisa ukuphila lesiguli, kodwa into yokuqala okumele uyenze - kutfola uhlobo isimo comatose, futhi ukukhomba lokho kwabangela ke.

izigaba ikhoma

Coma, kanye nezinye pathologies eziningi abantu, Kwenzeka ngezigaba eziningana:

• Precoma. Lesi simo kuyinto eyandulela ikhoma kweqiniso ingahlala kusuka kwamaminithi ambalwa kufika emahoreni amabili. Ngalesi sikhathi, kanti nengqondo yomuntu is udidekile ethukile, izinguquko yakhe isimo kakhulu, kuba buthuntu futhi, uyavuka yomsebenzi, ukucasuka. Uma ingqondo ukulondolozwa, kungaba eziphukile ngefanelo nangokuvumelana.

• Coma mina degree. Kuleso simo, zonke ukuphendula lesiguli ezizihluphayo zangaphandle ngqo engasenamahloni, contact neziguli kunzima. Ukwandiswa imisipha ithoni, isiguli uyakwazi ukugwinya ukudla kuphela ketshezi. Okuphawulekayo anda ikhaliphe umsipha. pupillary asabela ngayo ukukhanya lilondolozwe, ezimweni ezingajwayelekile kungaba ngokuphawulekayo strabismus.
• Coma 2 degrees. Leli fomu libhekene stupor, babengakwazi ukuxhumana nesineke akukho. Abafundi ungathathi ngamawala, baphendukele ekukhanyeni, basuke ayisesemikhulu, futhi elisheshayo ezintweni bengekho. Futhi ezingavamile ezinyakazayo kunezinxushunxushu kungabonwa, welula nemilenze, noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekhululekile, kanye nabanye. Ukuphefumula kungenzeka kahle ngohlobo sokugembula, uma ikhoma-2 degrees. Ukuthulula okungalindelekile wamathumbu noma esinyeni kungenzeka ezimweni ezingajwayelekile.
• Coma 3 degrees. Kulesi sigaba, umuntu aquleke, akukho impendulo ezintweni ezenzeka ngaphandle. Ayikho ukusabela abafundi ukukhanyisa. Kwehliswe imisipha ithoni, ukuquleka kungenzeka. lokushisa umzimba, umfutho wegazi is ongaphakeme, emishinini yokuphefumula kahle. Usizo lokuqala equlekile kubaluleke kakhulu kulesi sifundazwe, ngenye indlela, uma ungenawo usimamise, bese lesi sinyathelo izoya ikhoma wordly.
• ikhoma ezimba (4 degree). Kuleli zinga, ngokucijile encishisiwe ingcindezi kanye lokushisa, ulahlekile ngokuphelele yonke ingqondo. isimo wesiguli is enakekelwa mpilo kanye nokudla parenteral.

Usizo lokuqala equlekile kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa kuyoba usizo kakhulu uma ilungelo lokunquma ukuthi uhlobo ikhoma is ebonwe isiguli, ngoba zazo zikhona eziningana.

ikhoma Kussmaul sika

Kuvamile kakhulu iziguli sikashukela. Lokhu ikhoma kungenzeka in iziguli okusezingeni eliphezulu likashukela egazini (Hyperglycemia) noma ongaphakeme (kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela). Leyo isimo amazinga high blood glucose. Ngo ikhoma sikashukela livela acetone iphunga kusukela ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. Uma ukuxilonga kahle lolu hlobo ikhoma ke ngokushesha okukhulu ungaletha abantu kulesi sifundazwe.

Kulokhu, kunesidingo esiphuthumayo ukukala amazinga kashukela egazini, uma overestimated ke ukujova-insulin, futhi uma ongaphakeme ke ake isiguli ukuthatha carbohydrate. Futhi kungcono ufune usizo lukadokotela, ngubani uyogcina isiguli futhi bakwazi ukumsiza ngaphandle umonakalo empilweni aphume kulesi sifundazwe.

ikhoma Kwenhlekelele

Ngokuvamile kwenzeka ezigulini wathola ukulimala ekhanda, ukuze ubuchopho buye lilimele. Kusukela nezinye izinhlobo ikhoma, enendawo ukuhlanza oqinile precoma. Usizo lokuqala lalolu hlobo ikhoma kusho ukwamukelwa of izinyathelo esiphuthumayo ukusiza ukuthuthukisa kwegazi ebuchosheni futhi ubuyisele umsebenzi walo.

ikhoma meningeal

Lolu hlobo eba lapho kukhona lokudakwa nezicubu ubuchopho, kungashiwo senziwa khona ukutheleleka meningococcal. Cacisa uphethwe kungenzeka kuphela emva wokubhoboza lumbar. Kuleli zinga, isiguli ikhanda ezimbi, akakwazi ukukhulisa umlenze enwetshiwe, futhi uma ikhanda lakho Nyakazisa phambili zibukele, khona-ke kuyinto flexion okungalindelekile we ngamadolo.

Libuye libe isici lolu hlobo ikhoma kuyinto ukuqubuka nge izindawo necrosis esikhumbeni futhi nolwelwesi lwamafinyila. Kulokhu, isiguli uzokwazi ukusiza kuphela odokotela abaqeqeshiwe, kanjalo ngosizo lokuqala ngaye - ke oshayayo ambulense hlelo kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela e ezithathelwanayo isifo umtholampilo.

ikhoma cerebral

Kuyinto ejwayelekile yalezo ziguli abe isifo ubuchopho ehambisana nokuba khona izimila. Man e ikhoma azizwa:

• ubuhlungu bekhanda sihambusana nokuhlanza.
• Iziguli nzima ukugwinya ukudla, bavame kuliminyanise neze ngisho baphuze amanzi.

Uma ngalesi sikhathi futhi yangenza ukuba ngingalilahli usizo lokuqala, sibangelwa equlekile. Njengoba lezi izimpawu zingase zibonise isimo comatose, imbangela owawungumnyaka ithumba ingqondo. Umehluko wukuthi kule Uma singenayo, kungenzeka ukuthi umataniswe pathologies ukuvuvukala, ezifana namathansela, abezindaba otitis futhi sinusitis. Ukusiza kuleli cala kungaba udokotela, okuyinto iyavela ngokushesha ukunquma ukuthi yini eyayingalungile, futhi ukusiza isiguli.

ikhoma elambile

Lolu hlobo kwenzeka uma sokuwohloka 3 degrees, okuyinto ebangele ngokuzila ukudla isikhathi eside. Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo kwenzeka kubantu abasha abakwazi ukudla. Emzimbeni, amaprotheni ukuntula esiyitholayo, ke wenza imisebenzi eminingi emzimbeni, ngakho lapho sishoda ke cishe zonke izitho ayisebenzi kahle, engasenamahloni ukusebenza kobuchopho.

Uma lesi simo, lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo kungenziwa waphawula:

• Case yokufikelwa njalo.
• Kukhona ubuthakathaka jikelele.
• Ophilisayo kwenhliziyo.
• Man e ikhoma iphatheka kabi: izinga lokushisa komzimba nokugeleza ingcindezi ongaphakeme, ukuquleka kwenzeka, ngisho ukuchama nokuguqulwa.

Kulokhu, udinga ukubona udokotela, futhi noma kunjalo akufanele ukunikeza ukudla nesineke, ngoba emzimbeni has ukuze siphinde sithole kancane.

ikhoma sokuwa

Ngokuvamile eba ngenxa kokuquleka eqinile convulsive. Iziguli waphawula abafundi isici osuke usuvulekile, isikhumba ugodo, zonke ikhaliphe kukhona engasenamahloni. Olimini ngokuvamile ukubonisa izimpawu bite cishe njalo waphawula bethulula okuzenzakalelayo esinyeni futhi wamathumbu.

Ingcindezi futhi lokushisa ziyancipha, ishayela ngokushesha. Uma isimo sibe sibi, i-pulse iba thready, ukuphefumula kuba ezijulile ebusweni. Uma usizo lokuqala singanikezwanga nge ikhoma, ikhaliphe nesineke zinyamalale, ingcindezi uyaqhubeka bawe, futhi ukufa ekugcineni kwenzeka.

ikhoma oludakayo

Ubuthi ngotshwala ngokuvamile kuholela ikhoma oludakayo, kungaholela sebefile. Ukweqisa ophuzweni oludakayo kungaholela ukwephula izitho. utshwala Ethyl kuyinto buhlungu sina ukuba ubuchopho, ingaholela ngisho nasekukholelweni ukuthi umsebenzi inhliziyo umgudu wokuphefumula.

Kunezigaba eziningana oludakayo comatose isimo, oluphuthumayo usizo kunoma yisiphi isigaba equlekile kubaluleke kakhulu, kodwa ikakhulukazi lwesithathu. Usizo lokuqala kulokhu ukwenza yomoya ka isikhwehlela nihlanze. Isiguli lufakwa uhlangothi kanti ucingo esiphuthumayo i-ambulensi.

ikhoma hepatic

Efanele kwesibindi kungaholela ukuthi isiguli eba ikhoma, kuleso simo ibizwa ngokuthi isibindi. Isizathu kungaba isifo esihlasela umzimba yanoma yimuphi umsuka. Mshini bokuphila ukuthuthukiswa lolu hlobo ikhoma ilula: kwesibindi - kuyinto lemifanekiso eyinhloko yomzimba womuntu. Kulezo zimo lapho umzimba umsebenzi wephule ke egazini ukungena imikhiqizo umzimba ukuthi kwakumelwe inactivated esibindini. Bona kakhulu ezithinta amaseli zobuchopho, okungaholela equlekile. Lolu hlobo uvame ukuhambisana thuthuva we inhliziyo, ubuchopho ukuvuvukala futhi ukudakwa jikelele. Ukusiza equlekile yalolu hlobo - ukunxusa ngokushesha onguchwepheshe uma ungangiboni, ezimweni eziningi kwayo kamuva kuyizindlela zokufa isiguli.

Usizo lokuqala e ikhoma

Usizo lokuqala for isimo comatose kubaluleke kakhulu, noma ikuphi ukuzindela kungaholela ekufeni. Uma phambi kwakho wayeyindoda equlekile, into yokuqala okufanele niyenze ukuyivakashela kancane ke. Uma konke kusenjalo uma imitha noma insulini, kuthiwa ukuthi sikashukela, futhi mhlawumbe wakhe equlekile sikashukela, nakuba lokhu ingane nje ukuba nomunye futhi akufanele kube. ukusiza algorithm abadala comatose nezingane kuyafana.

Ngakho, i-izincomo ezimbalwa azosiza ukusiza isiguli equlekile:

• Ngokuphuthuma ukubuyisela kanye nokugcina ukuphefumula ezanele: ukuze kabusha umgudu wokuphefumula, ukuxhuma imishini mpilo noma wenze konikotomiyu, kodwa ezimweni ezingajwayelekile, futhi kuphela kwemvume uchwepheshe.

• Catheterization emithanjeni neuropathy.
• Ukubuyisela nokugcina ezanele kwegazi: uma ngizwa ingcindezi uphansi, le ukuvuza glucose ne-sodium chloride isixazululo emthanjeni, futhi uma ngizwa ingcindezi ephakeme kunalokhu okujwayelekile, lokho eqondiswa magnesium-sulfate. Kujwayeleke inhliziyo isigqi ngu defibrillation. Kungokufanayo libhekisela ngosizo lokuqala equlekile of omsakazo engaziwa.
• Kufakiwe ipayipi ku isinye, ukuze ungakwazi ukulawula ezingeni diuresis.
• Ukufaka uphenyo kulandela tracheal intubation.

ukunakekelwa eziphuthumayo equlekile - lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, ngakho noma kunjalo, musa uthole akahlanye futhi ngokushesha shayela i-ambulense futhi benza konke abangakwenza ukuze lula isimo lesiguli. Izikhathi ezibekiwe aid kungasindisa ukuphila.