Uphi soMfula Yenisei. Yenisei River: umthombo nomlomo

I Kara Sea (e-Arctic Ocean Emaphethelweni) ithwala amanzi awo Yenisei anamandla. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we esemthethweni (The State Register of imizimba amanzi) okutholakele: umthombo River Yenissei - Small Yenissei confluence nge Big. Kodwa akubona bonke zokuma kwendawo uyavumelana nale iphuzu. Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, "lapho ungumthombo emfuleni Yenisei?", Bakhomba nakwezinye izindawo amabalazwe, kuholele kwezinye izinguqulo sokulinganisa obuphelele Phakathi kwesitaladi sawo nomfula, ngenxa yezinye izici kwamanzi.

Ezinye izici Yenisei

Amapharamitha Hydrogeological Yenisei amanzi kokucetshiswa in abaholayo phakathi kwemifula 5 ngobukhulu Russian.

ezinye izinguqulo

Abanye ososayensi ungavumelani idatha esemthethweni nokuthatha kuka-umthombo komfula Yenisei nezinye amaphuzu ngokwebalazwe, bethi umthombo komfula iqala endaweni lapho ngokusobala wathola nohide. Lokhu kungaba intwasahlobo, ugeleza aphume ixhaphozi, ichibi noma ngaphansi yeqhwa.

Ithebula ubonisa ubude emifuleni is yalugunyaza. Ukuze Yenisei, uLena, lase-Amur kanye ob ukuba confluence zabo ekuqaleni kuthathwe nemingenela enkulu sifinyelela engenhla. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye umthombo Obi zokuma kwendawo bakholwe eMfuleni Irtysh. Khona-ke sikwazi ukukhuluma ubude River ob e 5410 km. Ukuthatha umthombo Obi ekuqaleni Katun, sithola 4338 km. Njengoba singabona, imiphumela noma inguqulo iyokwehluka kakhulu kusukela olusemthethweni, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo iphuzu kuthathwe ngokuthi zero lapho kulinganiswa ubude emfuleni. Ngokwesibonelo fanekiso ngu yokulinganisa ubude Amur. In the state irejista aqueous ecacisiwe obuphelele - 2824 km - ebizwa ngokuthi confluence nge Shilki Argun, futhi uma amaphuzu amakhilomitha emthonjeni phambili Argun, kuvela Amur 4440 km ubude. Umthombo Yelena kwangempela kuqala endaweni engamamitha 1680 amamitha nge uphawu, futhi imibhalo esemthethweni lento nge mpo uphawu 1480 m, yingakho ubude Yelena phansi kancane ezingaphezu kuka 3448 km.

Imibono

Sibala lesi simiso, ubude wamanzi, ukuthatha indawo umthombo komfula Yenisei ibanga 605 km, usebenzisa idatha inkomba ubude emfuleni Bolshoi Yenisei. Yena lungaphezu ezincane (563 km). Sekukonke, ngeke 4092 km - futhi ubude Yenisei ku "Russian" version.

Kodwa kukhona umbono "-Mongolian", lapho ubude Yenisei Small ucabangela agijimela ke ku inflow engenhla - 615 km. Khona-ke ubude River Yenisei kuyinto 5002 km.

Ezinye zokuma kwendawo ukunikela indlela yesithathu ngokubala ubude ethi umthombo River Yenisei - emfuleni Selenga, sivela endaweni Mongolia bese ugelezela iChibi iBaikal. ubude bayo - 1024 km, futhi iyona enkulu kunazo zonke phakathi ukusakaza 336 nemifula ingenisa khona ichibi. Le nguqulo uyakucabangela nezinye izingxenye: ubude eMfuleni Angara e 1779 km, kanye nebanga phakathi emlonyeni Selenga futhi Angara ensimini ka iChibi iBaikal. Ngenxa yalokho, kwengezwa obuphelele ecacisiwe ibanga ukusuka soMfula Yenisei kuya confluence eMfuleni Angara, uthole ubude wamanzi 5075 m kodwa kuphakama umbuzo :. Ukuthi kucatshangelwe lapho Yenisei umfula oyinhloko, noma kuyoba owumthelela Angara, ngaphezu kwalokho, endaweni yokuhlangana kwabo kwase-Angarsk ithrekhi 2-3 izikhathi sibanti kwendlula Yenisei. Umbuzo wesibili ingabe isimo iChibi iBaikal, noma ingabe - ingxenye Yenisei (Angara)?

Kusukela ubude wamanzi kuyinto ngokulingana ngqo abakule ndawo okuthathwe kuyo ezizungeze, okuyinto emabhulohweni emfuleni Yenisei. Umthombo nomlomo setha kulezi izinguqulo, ukwandisa nemingcele kwamanzi (abakule ndawo okuthathwe kuyo, umfula ukugeleza futhi ukugeleza yonyaka).

lokuma esemthethweni

Ngakho indawo cabanga soMfula Yenisei? Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuba banamathele idatha ye-State Water Register. Kuleyo ncwadi confluence ukusakaza ezimbili entabeni (Big futhi Small Yenisei) itholakala at ibanga 3.487 km kusuka confluence emfuleni kuze kufike oLwandle Kara, futhi wawuthi kungakho River Yenisei iqala. "Wikipedia" umthombo kuboniswa iphuzu elifanayo. Uhlela ukubhekisela kwalo: latitude esenyakatho 51 degrees. 43 imiz. 47 sec., 94 degrees longitude empumalanga. 27 imiz. 18 sec. umthombo Ukuphakama Yenissei River abazimisele 619,5 m ngaphezu kolwandle.

Ukuwa kanye emthambekeni emfuleni

Altai-Sayan ezinkangala, intermountain lemiganu yokufafaza, Minusinsk Basin - lezi ezinkulu izinhlobo zosizo sawela umfula Yenisei. Umthombo emlonyeni enjalo awalethe hypsometric zomhlaba ebusweni kusukela m 0 m 619.5 (kolwandle). I jikelele ukwehla - 619,5 m, kanye emthambekeni kuba khona isilinganiso sabangu - 0.18 m / km. Okungukuthi, zonke km isiteshi ukugeleza is ekunciphiseni sifinyelela yayo ephansi 18 cm, njengoba kuqhathaniswa sifinyelela engenhla.

Ngakho emthambekeni emfuleni ayeyoba maningi amathuba eyehlelayo umfaniswano komhlaba kusukela eningizimu kuya enyakatho. Kodwa ubunjalo iplanethi akanikezanga izibalo zama-engela ekahle. Ngakho-ke umfula Yenissei (umthombo kanye umlomo lapha ngemuva kwalokhu ayiswe ulwazi olusemthethweni) kuncike nesimo sendawo ebesingesihle emthambekeni kunemibandela ihlukaniswe 3 izigaba - engenhla, maphakathi kanye aphansi.

engenhla Yenisei

Lesi sigaba siqala lapho soMfula Yenisei. I isabelo Upper Yenisei (igama lendawo ngoba umfula - Ulug-Khem) zaba 600 km. It luphele confluence Abakan emfuleni ephethe ukuphakama uphawu 243,6 ukuphakama emfuleni umthombo Yenissei -. 619,5 m ngesakhiwo 188 km isiteshi eside ububanzi 100 kuya 650 m ukujula ifinyelela okungenani 4 bese kufika ku-12 m, kuze. 1 m ngesikhathi Shoals. Izinga flow Rapids Metachem ifinyelela 8 m / s, the velocity isilinganiso ehlobo - 2-2.5 m / s. Khona-ke iqala kwesigubhu 290 km ubude, isiteshi ezakhiwe damming edamini amandla plant ukuphakama 236 m amakhilomitha ambalwa kude -. Mainskaya HPP incane, ubude 21.5 km.

Ukuwa kwe-Upper Yenisei -. 375,9 m emthambekeni kuba khona isilinganiso sabangu - 0,63 m ngoba wonke isiteshi ikhilomitha. Amanani zokuhluka enjalo ayisibonelo emifuleni entabeni uhlobo oluhambisana isimo nendawo (Sayansky Canyon, Northern ibhodi Tuvinskaya elisemcengezini, Rapids isiteshi, okusezingeni eliphezulu ukugeleza rate).

Ephakathi Yenisei

Ukuqala engxenyeni phakathi River Yenisei kubhekwa indawo confluence. Abakan -. Njengamanje 2887 km kusuka umlomo nge uphawu 243,6 amamitha emfuleni kancane kancane ilahlekelwa izimpawu zayo yemvelo sezintaba. Valley iba ububanzi (kufika ku-5 km), ukugeleza izinga kuyehla kube 1.2 m / s emgqeni ububanzi 500 m.

Ephakathi Yenissei iqala Krasnoyarsk kwesigubhu, ubude 388 km kuyinto ububanzi isilinganiso 15 km. Umkhawulo engezansi kwesigubhu yokufakelwa ngenhla emzini Krasnoyarsk.

Ephakathi Yenissei luphele confluence emadlangaleni emfuleni ukuze 2137 km kusuka umlomo nge ukuphakama uphawu 79 m. Phakathi Krasnoyarsk nomcibisholo (indawo eduze emadlangaleni umlomo) nobubanzi Yenissei ukuba 1300 m, ukugeleza siyehla ukuba 0.8 m / s.

Ubude Yenisei Ephakathi - 750 km. Emthambekeni sayithi ukuwa ingqikithi 164,9 m 0,22 m - ne zonke ikhilomitha eminye enyakatho kuya ithrekhi Kara Sea "uwela" 22 cm.

Yenisei aphansi

Lena ingxenye olude ubude 2137 km - kusukela confluence eMfuleni Angara kuya soMfula Yenisei ku ukuqondanisa Sopochnaya Hag. Ngemva confluence Lower Tunguska embhedeni iba ezibanzi, ekufinyeleleni 5 km. Ukugeleza kubambezela ukuba 0.2 m / s. Lapho umgwaqo wellhead lomfula ihlukaniswe 4 imbobo main, ngalinye elikwazi iqanjwe le Yenisei, kodwa is kulekelelwa yencazelo: Spotted, Stone, Big Amancane. Inani Ububanzi imibhede - 50 km. Phakathi iziteshi olubanzi Brekhovskie isiqhingi, skirting lapho zihlangene futhi kusiteshi esisodwa, ukwakha Yenisei Bay emaphethelweni oLwandle Kara. River ukugqoka izici flat: emthambekeni esingaphansi 0.04 (4 cm ikhilomitha ngalinye), isivinini ukugeleza kuyinto yokwanda kwama cishe unnoticeable ngokuvamile zenzeka - ukugeleza kwamanzi ukusuka olwandle ku ethekwini.

emfuleni Hydrology

Amandla Yenisei elixutshwe, isigamu sakhiwa iqhwa. Ingxenye imvula - 35%, enhlabathini phezulu ukunikeza Ingxenye yabo-15%, sifinyelela engezansi labahlanganyela ngayo amandla emfuleni kuyehla.

Misa-up, okuyizinto kokumethemba Frazil ice futhi ukukhukhuleka ice kuwa iqala sifinyelela engezansi ekuqaleni kuka-October, phakathi ifinyelela kuyinto phakathi kukaNovemba, phezulu - ekupheleni November - December. Winter emifula is ngqo ziyancipha.

Spring tide elula, kusukela ngaleso Yenisei maphakathi kusukela ekupheleni kuka-April. Esikhathini sifinyelela engenhla iqala ngemva kwesikhashana. Esikhathini sifinyelela ephansi - kusukela maphakathi May kuze eyishumi yokuqala ka-June. Uma izicucu zezinsimbi zanda ekhiqizwa ukuminyana. Amazinga aphakeme afika kwangu-7 m isandiso-16 m ukuvaleka komgudu. Esikhathini ezingeni leliphasi ephakeme - kuze kufinyelele 28 m (Kureyka), kodwa kwi-wellhead ukuqondanisa kuyehla kube 12 m.

Adume kuyisezala Yenisei

Ubukhulu esisheshayo: emfuleni iye zibalwa phezulu 5 imifula emikhulu kakhulu eRussia.

Ugijimela unqamula enkabeni Eshiya - inhlokodolobha ezikude zaseTuva, Kyzyl.

Delineates embhedeni yayo Western eSiberia kuya empumalanga futhi cishe ingxenye uhlukanisa expanses Russian.

"Uphi soMfula Yenisei?" - Lo mbuzo Kuphakeme kakhulu kunokwethu kangangokuthi yisibalo esikhulu sabasebenzi esingakaze ukungavumelani phakathi zokuma kwendawo.

Ungathola kukhona, kubuye kusuke eMongolia, baze bafika eLwandle Kara, Rafting phezu Selenga River, iChibi iBaikal, le Angara futhi Yenisei.