Famous ebaziwe Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti. Incazelo yemisebenzi edume kakhulu

isiko isiNtaliyane, ulimi, imvelo Sekuyisikhathi eside izivakashi. Kodwa leli lizwe odumile kungasho neze kuphela kwenkundla yayo futhi Serenades sonorous. Namuhla sikhuluma enye yamadodana edume kakhulu e-Italy. Futhi kulesi sihloko Uzonikezwa inombolo izincazelo ukubaza Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti.

Funda ngokucophelela futhi bazohlangana izinto eziningi ezintsha nezithakazelisayo kusuka endaweni isiko Italy Yenguquko.

i-curriculum vitae

Kudabuka khona umculi omkhulu futhi umqophi emndenini i wohlanga olukhulu elimpofu 1475 emzini Caprese. Ngenxa yokushoda ngezimali uyise unika akhuliswa ngayo ngendlela Topolino umndeni, lapho lo mfana ihlangabezana udaka futhi iqala ukuba zifunde sculpt izibalo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wathunyelwa workshop for umculi zendawo, futhi kamuva umqophi Giovanni esikoleni. Kube ebona Lorentso Medichi.

Lokhu Umuntu waziqamba ithuba lokuba kuvele ukuthi Michelangelo. He biyela izifundo zakhe, bese kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe usiza ekukhiqizeni oda high-priced.

Phakathi nokuphila kwakhe, Buonarroti umsebenzele eRoma, uFlorence no Bologna.
Manje ake sixoxe ngomsebenzi wakhe kabanzi.

izici Jikelele lokusungula

Kulesi sihloko thina zizothinteka kuphela omunye izici ubuciko Michelangelo - ebaziwe. Incazelo edume kakhulu kubo ungafunda ngezansi.

Wayeyisazi indoda ngendlela engcono kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza ebaziwe. Ngisho in umdwebo wakhe, nguye ophatha plasticity ifomu isikhundla izibalo, eyinqaba kuphela izinto ngobuningi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi impumelelo eyinhloko Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti ezintsha. Kuyinto ngenxa yezenzo ngokuphambene canons, waba abadumile eminyaka. esifanekisweni yakhe "kaDavide" isibe lokuma High Renaissance, kanye "Pieta" - samuntu engcono emzimbeni womuntu efile ekuklanyweni sculptural.

Ake jwayelana eduze ne imisebenzi Renaissance buchopho.

"UMose"

Omunye imisebenzi edume kunazo - "uMose" ngenxa Michelangelo. Incazelo ebaziwe, sizokunika kancane kamuva. Manje ake sixoxe endaweni lapho bazakha.

Lokhu ebaziwe kuyingxenye ethuneni eziyinkimbinkimbi sculptural uPapa uJulius II, esemgwaqweni San Pietro e Vincoli, a sonto wamaRoma.

Umsebenzi kule ebaziwe waqhubeka iminyaka emibili, kusukela ngo-1513. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ohlangothini ngalunye kukhona eziqoshiwe abafundi kaMichelangelo.

Umqondo yasekuqaleni uPapa uJulius II kwaba olubandlululayo kakhulu futhi ezinkulu. Wayefuna ukwakha indlu wobuciko wakhe ethuneni e Basilica of St. Peter. iphrojekthi wakhe kuhlanganisiwe nezithombe nemifanekiso eminingi nezinye imihlobiso. Kodwa amacebo ezingazange zifinyelelwe ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezimali ezivela ezikanye naye.

Ngakho, sethule "isabelomali" version of the Iphrojekthi yokuqala.
Ngakho, "uMose" - esiveza ngu Michelangelo, eyaduma namakhulu eminyaka kumdlali. Namuhla-ke ubhekwa emifanekisweni edume kunazo zonke. Kuyini ephawulekayo?

Ukuphakama esifanekisweni - 235 ngamasentimitha, kodwa amandla elisemandleni zezinkulumo yayo, nawo njengomnyango mkhulu kakhulu ngempela. I umqophi kuchazwa umholi wabantu ezingamaJuda ngesikhathi ukubuya, ngemva uxoxa noNkulunkulu, Lapho uMose eyibona abakhulekeli ithole legolide.

Isibalo linamandla kakhulu futhi ngigcwele amandla yangaphakathi. Sibona ngemithambo ukuvuvukala isiphepho ngemvelo ebusweni umholi. Esandleni sayo sokunene asiphathele izibhebhe, nomlenze owethulwe ukunyakaza abukhali futhi iDemo phambili, njengokungathi wayezomvusa ngena futhi uthathe isinyathelo.

Ubuciko ishizolo ababephila ngesikhathi kaMichelangelo liqhathaniswe Sable ibhulashi umdwebi. Zikanokusho izinwele nentshebe bheka ithambe futhi abushelelezi, ngaphandle, e ebaziwe Awekho milimitha zemabula eluhlaza. Ukwakheka kuyinto ephelele futhi ngokugcwele eveza yonke imizwa genius womuntu.

"Wathi:" Michelangelo, ushiya akekho ngabandayo. Strong-willed ingcindezi ababukeli elithakazelisayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi kube yinto esabisayo. Njengoba Stendhal wathi, uma wena abawubonanga emifanekisweni, nakwazi mayelana amathuba ebaziwe.

"KaDavide"

Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukugqamisa izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu edume kakhulu by Michelangelo. Lesibili, elalilikhulu, belingana sangaphambilini, kuba "kaDavide". Lokhu esifanekisweni-imitha ezinhlanu sekuwuphawu we-Florentine Republic cishe ngokushesha ngemva kokudalwa.

Namuhla itholakala ku Academy of Arts e Florence futhi senzelwe round umbono. Esifanekisweni ubonisa osemusha ongumJuda iNkosi uDavide, eyathandaza ngayo elungiselela impi uGoliyati. Ubizwa ufunani futhi kuyoba kancane esishubile, ngoba isitha kusobala ungcono kuzo uma eqhathaniswa nezimfanelo zayo ngokomzimba. Ngasikhathi sinye, ekubukeni kaDavide esithengisa ukholo ngokuqinile ukunqoba.

Ngubani wobuciko wekhasimende? Emuva ngo-Maphakathi nekhulu le-lweshumi nanhlanu Florence wakhuluma umhlobiso Santa Maria del Fiore. Kuyinto esontweni lombhishobhi Florence. Iplani kwakungukuthi ukuba azungeze kuye statues nambili abalingiswa edume kunazo kweBhayibheli ngokuqondile eTestamenteni Elidala.

Sebenza ukuqaliswa kwe-project iqaliswe Donatello futhi engifundisa umsebenzi wakhe, kodwa wayekwazi kuphela ukudala eyodwa ebaziwe.

Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, umsebenzi okwesikhashana, futhi block of zemabula (edume wethiwa "Giant"), senzelwe esifanekisweni kaDavide, kancane kancane sikhuntile ngaphansi kwethonya ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

Ekuqaleni ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha kwathiwa ibizwe Commission, ezazihlanganisa uLeonardo da Vinci, abanquma usayine inkontileka ne umqophi ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha Michelangelo Buonarroti. Waqala umsebenzi ngo-September 1501.

Ukulwa amabhlogo zemabula wamthatha iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili. Kuyinto kule ebaziwe kungokwalabo ethi ukudala wobuciko, umane uyakunquma zonke engadingekile.
Nokho, ngo-1504, lapho umsebenzi usuphelile, lo Florentines ethintekile wanquma ukubeka uDavide Loggia dei Lanzi, lapho kwenzeke emhlanganweni we City Council.

Manje emzabalazweni wenkululeko lalimelela wobuciko Mikelandzhelo Buonarroti. Ukuqopha ngu Donatello futhi ihanjiswe endaweni ehlukile kusukela Council izilaleli.

Kukhona amaqiniso eziningana ezithakazelisayo nalo msebenzi. "KaDavide" - lo ikopishwe kakhulu ebaziwe Yenguquko. It okuphindiwe ku Moscow, London ezindaweni ezahlukene edolobheni lakubo.

Libuye Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ikhophi London ifakwe leaf komkhiwane, uma kwenzeka ukufika Queen. Futhi ekhulwini lamashumi amabili eJerusalema wenqaba ukusingatha ikhophi "nqunu Italy ngekhulu nanhlanu," esifanekisweni ngokuthi "kaDavide" by Michelangelo waphenduka abangasokile.

allegory usuku

Tomb of the Medici e Florence, uye walondoloza eziningi eziqoshiwe kaMichelangelo. Sikhuluma nabo ngezinto ezimbili izingoma ehlukene.

Eyokuqala yalezi okubonisa ukubandakanywa izakhi yasezulwini endala 'wayemkhulu kunabo umbusi Florentine. " Leli qembu sculptural siqukethe izibalo ezine zimi ngababili phezu sarcophagi ezimbili.

Iphuzu laliwukuthi wizadi ukukhombisa Amazing ngisho ukuba abe ngonkulunkulu benu kobukhulu khona ofayo. Basuke kusenzo izikhundla babe inkinga zamabhodlela we sarcophagi, emzamweni uslayida phasi ngokushesha.

Allegories isikhathi ezahlukahlukene zosuku ziboniswa ngendlela tinongo izinsizwa nezintombi. Ubuhle bemvelo olinganise lasendulo futhi ephelele ihluke ngendlela medieval Christian "umuzwa okubuhlungu usizi" ngenxa yemvelo ehlala khona.

Ukwakheka siqukethe Ebusuku, Usuku, ekuseni nakusihlwa. Eyokuqala ukubaza ezimbili ezibekwe phezu kwethuna Giuliano, kanti eyesibili - kwi sarcophagus ka Lorentso Medichi.

Le phrojekthi sidalwe oda uClement VII njengombusi, abanquma immortalize izihlobo zabo owafa abasha.

Umsebenzi ku esifanekisweni laqedwa 1534, kodwa hhayi wonke isifakiwe kusayithi okuhleliwe. Namuhla imodeli ubumba kwesithombe "Usuku", isibonelo, itholakala e-Houston, "Ekuseni" - eLondon. "Ntambama" imodeli ilahlekile, eyathengwa ngu abanye abaqoqi, futhi iminonjana kusukela kulesi sikhathi elahleka.

Ingxenye enhle kakhulu ukwakheka ubhekwa into ebaziwe, "uBusuku." Michelangelo, njengoba abantu besikhathi uthe wachaza "elele ingelosi itshe, okuyinto uzizwa umoya."

Ngakho, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ka Michelangelo, nakuba kwaba amaphutha, okuyinto sixoxa ngezansi, yobuciko bangempela ubuhlakani womuntu.

eziqoshiwe Medici

Le ngxenye yesibili of the ukwakheka Chapel adumile e Florence Crypt ababusi. Siqukethe ukubaza ezimbili, enye oluveza Giuliano, owasizalela isihloko UMbusi Nemours, kanye nezinye - II Lorenzo, uMbusi Urbino. Ziyakwazi odumile ukuba ngowokuqala emlandweni umndeni Medici wathola enjalo ngeziqu.

Kubalulekile ukubalula ethile eyinhloko Michelangelo Buonarroti. Imifanekiso ye lokhu okuyinhloko abanalo ngomfanekiso ukuze prototypes yabo. Wayeyizonda Kwesimo wathi ukuthi lungenzeka ushintsho olunjalo kuyadingeka ukuze akekho, ngoba akekho ubungeke e iminyaka eyinkulungwane.

Image, efana nomfanekiso Lorenzo eveza ebaziwe Rodin esithi "Umcabangi." Michelangelo wadala kwalesi sithombe ngomfanekiso ujenene ongumRoma ngo ukumisa yokucabanga ezijulile. Isigqoko sokuzivikela Zoomorphic efihla iningi ubuso ku ithunzi. It is kulokhu kusenziwa ziphikisana abacwaningi.

Abanye bathi lokhu okuyinhloko omkhulu waveza ukuthi Lorenzo ehlupheka ngaphambi kokufa ubuhlanya. Abanye baphikisa ngokuthi lokho kumane nje isithombe engokomfanekiso kobukhulu zembubhiso.

Ngandlela-thile, kodwa ubuso Giuliano saveza kangcono. Yena ufanekiselwa isiqalo ngempumelelo lasendulo. He is abasha, ngaphandle nangesigqoko, egcwele amandla, kodwa amehlo kwakhe qakala ngokuphelele. Ngakho, limelela nomqondo nomqondo wokuba khona uhulumeni ohlakaniphile.

Kanye isikhathi sosuku izibalo ngendlela engokomfanekiso, Lorenzo Giuliano yakha ukwakheka igcwaliswe. Kuthatha ababukeli ngesikhathi Renaissance, lapho kwakukhona ukuvela kwamazwe anamuhla. Inkathi nozungu, wezepolitiki kanye nenani oweqile wenduduzo.

izigqila

Ngokulandelayo, sicabanga esinye sezibonelo yimpumelelo kakhulu ebaziwe kaMichelangelo. Elinegama elithi "kaMose" nokunye "UDavide," siye sahlangana kakade. Lokho Ukwakheka, esiphila kuso manje ukukhuluma, wakhulelwa njengengxenye Mausoleum kaJulius II.

Siqukethe izingcezu ezimbili - nezigqila, ukufa kanye abavukeli. Njengoba inkosi kuyaqabukela enamathiselwe ukubaluleka portrait wafana nencazelo engokomfanekiso okudaliwe yabo ke singeke sisho lutho mayelana nencazelo esiqondile noma iyiphi ubuciko ngaphambi.
Uma umbuzo esidlule cishe ingaxazululwa wake, okuthile okushiwo atshalwe lezi zithombe ashukumisayo, ukuze namanje Ziphikisana.

Abanye bathi lesi sithombe yobuciko, eyayithandwa uPapa, abanye aveze ukuthi kuba allegory izifundazwe yanqoba phakathi nokubusa uJulius II.

Eziqoshwe yezigqila ukuboniswa amabili amadoda umusha futhi uyingqabavu izinsizwa ezingoFakazi ngamaketanga. Omunye wabo uzama umzamo okungaphezu kokomuntu ukuze aphule emaketangeni, Neyesibili kuthé olungenakuzisiza, ukuzinikela.

Lezi zibalo, kanye nezinye izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu abaningi abadumile nge Michelangelo, efana "abakhululiwe" kusukela block bebodwa.

Banesimiso isiphetho ezithakazelisayo. Lapho esifanekisweni kuphelile, okusalungiswa washintsha tombstones. Ngakho-ke Buonarroti ibanika ukuba umngane wakhe Stotstsi ngempatho yakho, kanti isixuku esikhulu inikeza kubo ukuba uFrancis I. Njengoba izibonelo ukubaza kaMichelangelo ezazisemizini Louvre.

Bacchus

"Drunken Bacchus" kubhekwa umsebenzi wokuqala ngempumelelo wizadi abasha. He qamba kuyo iminyaka engamashumi amabili nambili ethunywe Raphael Riario, ukhadinali Italy.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi Cardinal nalo ngifuna ukwandisa iqoqo lakhe ukubaza Antique. Kodwa lapho ebona version yokugcina esifanekisweni, Signor Riario wenqaba ukuthatha ke. Ukuqopha atholwe umnikazi Galli, ababehlala eduze esigodlweni Cancellara. Ngemva cishe eyikhulu ukuthenga yayo ye Medici e Florence kanye zithutha.

Namuhla ebaziwe kuyinto umbukiso Florence Bargello Museum.
Ezinye izazi Mikelandzhelo Buonarotti, isibonelo, uViktor Lazarev, cabanga lo mkhiqizo i-mbumbulu oqondile we ebaziwe lasendulo. Bathi kule kuqala dalo ezimele nhlobo ubuntu umlobi.

"Bacchus" limelela wokudumisa unkulunkulu wamaRoma iwayini, okuyinto kwakulingana kuya Dionysus ngesiGreki, ephelezelwa satyr abasha. Laba bobabili isebujameni ekhululekile, yanqoba kwethonya isiphuzo oludakayo.

Bacchus ubheka indebe yewayini, ubuso bakhe eveza nje hawu uthando indalo yakhe. Imisipha emathangeni nesisu ekhululekile. Abanye abacwaningi bathi lokhu kuwubufakazi ubuthakathaka bakhe engqondweni nasemzimbeni, ukuthambekela ekubeni imilutha. Okunye unkulunkulu lasendulo ukuze bathethelele yokuthi kuba nje ngezigaba esikhulu lokudakwa. Lokhu kufakazelwa indlela yekuma yakhe. Yena asondele, sengathi falling, kodwa imisipha emuva bulimele aqhubeke egxilile.

Lamentation

Umsebenti lokunguwona lapho kukhona umbhalo wesandla ka-umbhali, kuyinto ebaziwe ka "Pieta" kaMichelangelo. Igama layo livela egameni Italy elisho ukuthi "usizi, isihawu." Isihloko oyinhloko endaweni yesehlakalo olilayo indodana oshonile of the Virgin Mary, uJesu Kristu.

Michelangelo "Pieta" ibhekwa bemisebenzi yobuciko omunye wemisebenzi ambalwa lokusinda kwenkathi yenguquko ukusuka ekuqaleni Renaissance ka ngekhulu nanhlanu nesikhathi eliphezulu kule nkathi.

Ukuze uhlamvu Gothic yesithombe koMsindisi phezu isandla efile of the Virgin Mary, kodwa reinvents ngokuphelele Buonarroti emsebenzini wakhe. Lapha Virgin uchazwa ngokuthi ntombi uyalila abalahlekile othandekayo.

Uma ubheka ukwakheka, singabona ukuthi kukhona ukwahlukana abukhali phakathi kwabaphilayo nakwabafileyo. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa izimfanelo ezifana abesifazane, begqoke futhi oqotho, bomcondvophika zabo zimelela abafileyo "Phuza".

Ngokusho kochwepheshe, lokhu ebaziwe isibe lokuma zonke izinhlobo izithombe izigcawu waseBhayibhelini.

altare Piccolomini

Namuhla, siyazi we ukubaza eziningi Michelangelo nge amagama amagama osanta bamaKatolika. Iningi lazo zitholakala e-altare Piccolomini e Siena Cathedral. Lokhu kubuye "Pieta", esixoxe kabanzi ngazo ngaphambili.

Isivumelwano salokhu oda esayinwe eminyakeni yokuqala yekhulu nesithupha ngu Cardinal Piccolomini. Ngu ngokwalokho okwashiwo kuso, umculi kwadingeka ukudala izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu nanhlanu eminyakeni emithathu. Njengoba umvuzo wathola ducats anamakhulu mahlanu, okwakuwuphawu isamba eside isikhathi.

Kodwa ngenxa yokuthi maduzane sathathwa ngisho ukuze "kaDavide" by Michelangelo wakwazi ukwenza izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu ezine kuphela.

Ngakho, liyini esifanekisweni Osanta langena indlela yokwakheka lesikhumbuzo bokwakha Gothic?

Ingxenye engenhla uqimba aphansi lihlotshiswe ukubaza St. Pius mina (isihloko sokuqala - Augustine) kanye St Gregory, ayisithupha uPapa lesine.

Ezansi zitholakala abangcwele uPetru noPawulu. Naphezu yobutha nezisobala ukuba inkosi ekumeni, izici zinyanga abacwaningi abaningi babheka self-portrait umdwebi abasha.

Ngagcina amaziyo yethu emfushane nomuntu elinjalo elimangalisayo, njengoba umculi, isazi sefilosofi umqophi Michelangelo. Imifanekiso ye lokhu okuyinhloko kuhlobisa hhayi kuphela ezikhumbuzo amahle kakhulu e-Italy, kodwa futhi kukhona iminyuziyamu owaziwa emazweni ahlukahlukene.

Ukuhambela ezinye izindawo, abafundi abathandekayo. Inhlanhla kuwe futhi okuvelayo ezicacile kunazo!