Uphi i-Machu Picchu? Ungayithola kanjani emzini wase-Inca wasendulo we-Machu Picchu?

Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uye wezwa ngomuzi ongaqondakali we- Machu Picchu. Le ndawo, efihla imfihlakalo, ayixazululwa kuze kube manje. Lesi sikhumbuzo singenye yezimangaliso ezintsha eziyisikhombisa zomhlaba. Uyazi ukuthi i-Machu Picchu ikhona kuphi, kungani iyingqayizivele kangaka? Ake sibone.

I-Old Mountain

I-Machu Picchu inamagama amaningana. Eyokuqala yiyona "intaba endala". Yile ndlela i-Machu Picchu ehunyushwa ngayo kusukela olimini lwesiQuechua lasendulo. Idolobha lasendulo lihlanganiswe ngokwemvelo ezweni elizungezile lokuthi lalibizwa ngokuthi "idolobha eliphakeme-phezulu" noma "idolobha lasezulwini". Lapha kubonakala phezulu ukuthi uphahla lwangunxantathu lwezindlu ezincane luyingxenye yezwe.

Idolobha lase-Inca likaMachu Picchu lwakhiwe ngobuciko. Ukuze bakhe isakhiwo esinjalo, abakhi kwakudingeka babe nolwazi kwi-geology, indawo yokuma komhlaba, imvelo kanye nesayensi yezinkanyezi. Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwe-Incas, imithambeka yezintaba zemvelo yasetshenziswa futhi yenza izakhiwo zizinzile ngisho nangabe kunemithambekeni nokuzamazama komhlaba.

I-Machu Picchu iyisakhiwo esimangalisayo! Indlela lokhu okwakhiwa ngayo, kusalokhu kuyimfihlakalo. Phela, amatshe wokwakhiwa kwedolobha ayethwalwa esuka emakethe okude. Ngakho-ke, izisebenzi zazihudula ezintanjeni zobumba ezimanzi futhi zahudula ezigodini ngaphandle kokusebenzisa noma yimiphi imishini. Futhi ukuthi amatshe aphethwe kanjani ngokuphelele! Ngisho namanje, ezinhlanganisweni eziphakathi kwamacwecwe, akukho lutho oluzophuma.

Akuwona lutho u-Machu Picchu kusukela ngo-1983 ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-UNESCO. Futhi ngonyaka ka-2007 wangena ohlwini lwezimangaliso ezintsha zezwe.

Uphi i-Machu Picchu

Idolobha eliyimfihlakalo lakhiwa phakathi nekhulu leshumi nanhlanu. I-Machu Picchu itholakala ensimini yombuso wasePeru. Futhi ngokunembile, amakhilomitha ayikhulu ukusuka enhloko-dolobha ye-Inca Empire - idolobha laseCuzco. Idolobha lifihliwe ngasese ezintabeni zase-Andes ukuthi ngisho nabakoloni baseSpain abakwazanga ukuwuthola.

Isithombe ngakwesobunxele sibonisa indawo ye-Machu Picchu kumephu yomhlaba.

Ngendlela, mayelana nalesi simangaliso sezwe isikhathi eside akekho owazi lutho. Phakathi kososayensi, kuphela izinganekwane mayelana nomuzi ongaqondakali ePeru. Futhi ngo-1911 kuphela umuzi owawuthola isosayensi uHeirem Bingham waseYale University. Ngendlela, abantu bendawo bahlale beyazi ukuthi yikuphi i-Machu Picchu, kodwa abazange basheshe bahlanganyele ngolwazi lwabo lonke izwe.

Umlando wokutholakala

Ngendlela, uMathohu Picchu owazi ukuthola leli dolobha ngengozi. Eqinisweni, uKhairem Bingham wayefuna indawo ehluke ngokuphelele - uWilcabamba odumile. Ngokomlando, ama-Incas ahlinzeka yonke igolide nempahla yabo yamagugu, ama-mummies amaharahara nenye ingcebo ukuze bawafihle abahlukumezi baseSpain. UKhayrem waholela ekufuneni izintaba lapho kutholakala khona iMachu Picchu.

E-Peru, abantu bendawo akukhulumi kakhulu, ngakho wayengazi lutho ngeVulcambamba. Kodwa lapha usosayensi wayenenhlanhla. Ezintabeni wahlangana nomfana ophethe i-jam yamanzi e-ceramic. Usosayensi waqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi lesi sidlo asilula, futhi wabuza umntwana ukuthi uyithatha kuphi. Futhi lo mfana oyingxenye yesithathu yedola wamtshela ngokuthi "idolobha lasezulwini" futhi ngokulula komphefumulo wakhe wabonisa indlela eya kuyo. Ngakho ngo-1911 kwavuleka umgwaqo osendlini yasendulo yedolobha lase-Incas, okwakusinda ekuhloleni nokuwa kombuso wabo omkhulu.

Indawo yedolobha

Namuhla kunokwethenjelwa ngokuqinisekile ukuthi i-Incas yakha kanjani leli "dolobha lasezulwini". Ngokomqulu wekhulu le-16 leminyaka, uMachu Picchu wayenesimo sokuhlala kwe-Supreme Inca Pachacuteca. Ngemuva kokushona komholi, idolobha laqala ukusetshenziswa njengesikole sabantwana ababelethwe kahle. Lapha safunda ubuciko besayensi yezinkanyezi kanye nama-textile. Ukuqeqesha kwaqhutshwa ngabesilisa nabesifazane.

Kukhona futhi inguqulo edolobheni enenjongo yempi. Kwakuvela lapha okulawula izizwe ezazingaphansi kwe-Incas, futhi nokufinyelela emazweni ashubile nasezindaweni ezishisayo lapho izithelo, amathanga nezinye izitshalo ezisetshenziselwa ukwelashwa zanda. Ngaleso sikhathi lezi kwakuyimikhiqizo ebaluleke kakhulu futhi edingekayo.

Ukukhulekela onkulunkulu

I-Machu Pichku nayo idolobha lenkolo. Njengoba ososayensi bethola, iningi lalezi zakhiwo kukhona amathempeli nezakhiwo zesigodlo. Impucuko yaseInca yayikhonza unkulunkulu u-Inti, owafanekisela iSun.

Ngokusho kolwazi oluthile olwakwazi ukuthola ososayensi, akubona bonke abangangena eMachu Picchu, kodwa kuphela abakhethiweyo-abapristi abane-retinue, abahloniphekile kakhulu, kanye nabanikazi bezandla abahlonishwa njengabahamba phambili (ngemuva kwakho konke, akuwona wonke umuntu ongakhula isivuno ngamakhilomitha amabili). Idolobha laphinde lavunyelwa kumamakunas - izintombi, ezazinikela ekukhonzeni unkulunkulu Inti.

Kuze kube namuhla, kulondolozwe ithempeli elikhulu lomuzi - IWindows Windows. Lesi kwakuyisakhiwo esiyisihluthulelo kuyo yonke imikhosi yasendulo yabantu bakuleli dolobha. Imibala emithathu yokukhanya ewela esigcawini esikhulu ngokusebenzisa amafasitela ethempelini ifanekisela abathathu abathathu be-Inca Empire. Ngokomlando, onkulunkulu abathathu bangena kuleli zwe ngamafasitela ethempelini likaMachu Picchu, njengezithunywa zikaNkulunkulu u-Inti.

Abantu baphiphi kuphi?

Idolobha elimangalisayo lama-Machu Picchu alinalutho isikhathi eside. Kuze kube nini kwaziwa. Kodwa ngo-1532, lapho abahlaseli baseSpain behlasela insimu ye-Inca Empire, idolobha lase livele lingenalutho. Zonke izakhamuzi zanyamalala ngokungaqondakali. Kwenzekani kubo? Ubulawe noma ushone ngendlala? Mhlawumbe baya kwenye indawo yokuhlala? Singaze sisazi lokho.

Kukhona inguqulo abantu abashiye idolobha ngenxa yendlala. I-Machu Picchu yayisondelene kakhulu ne-capital of the Empire of Cuzco. Futhi lapho abaseSpain benqoba inhloko-dolobha, ukunikezwa kokudla eMachu Picchu kwaphela. Ukuze bangafi ukufa okulambile, abantu bashiye umuzi.

Ngokwezinye izinguqulo, yonke indawo elula yaya empini namaSpain futhi yawa empini, futhi izicukuthwane nabapristi bathatha yonke ingcebo yabo baya eVilcabamba evelele. Kunezinye izinguqulo, ngakho-ke isizathu sokunyamalala kwezakhamuzi singase sihlanganiswe futhi senzeke ngokuhlukile.

Iziphetho ngokuthi bangaki ama-Incas abahlala eMachu Picchu, kungenziwa ngokucwaninga ngamanxiwa edolobha. Emzini kwakukhona izakhiwo ezingamakhulu amabili ezazakhiwa ngamatshe. Amabhuloki ayehlanganiswe ngokuqinile futhi asebenza kahle. Ukuhlola indlela yangaphakathi neminye imininingwane encane, abavubukuli baye baqaphela ukuthi iningi lezakhiwo likhonza ukukhonza onkulunkulu, ukugcina ukudla, njll Ngokusho kokulinganiselwa okunzima, Machu Picchu waphila ngaphezu kwe-Incas!

Izinto zokusebenza

Ngo-2011, sekudlule iminyaka eyikhulu kusukela ekuvuleni komuzi. Ngalolo suku oluyingqayizivele ngo-1911, uProfesa Harem Bengham, ethola umuzi, wawuhlola ngangokunokwenzeka. Futhi izinto ezitholakala lapho zithathwe ku-Yale.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Peru ne-United States of America baye baxoxisana ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi i-Incas ibuyiselwe ezweni lakubo. Futhi ngonyaka ka-2010, izikhulu zase-United States zagcina zisayina isivumelwano.

Ngo-2011, izinto ezingaphezu kuka-4000 ezitholakala eMachu Picchu ePeru, ekugcineni zabuyela ezweni lakubo. Namuhla ziboniswa emnyuziyamu wedolobha laseCusco.

Intaba encane

Esigabeni seVine-Picchu, ungakhuphuka ngendlela ehamba phambili ngokuqondile edolobheni laseMachu Picchu. Yebo, ubonile isithombe sale ntaba. Uhlale ekhonjiswa ngokushesha ngemva kwe-Machu Picchu. Ekuhunyushweni ulimi lwasekuqaleni lwesiQuechua leli gama lisho ukuthi "iNtaba eNcane".

Yini ethakazelisayo ngoVaina-Picchu? Kukhona nezethempeli eziningi nezakhiwo ezakhiwe ze-Incas. Noma kunjalo, indlela eya entabeni encane inzima futhi iyingozi, futhi akuwona wonke umuntu ongayinqoba. Izinqumo ohambweni olunjalo zingenziwa kuphela ngabantu abaqeqeshwe kahle.

Kukhona abaningi abafuna ukwenza umthamo kuVaina-Pikchu. Kodwa bavumela inani elilinganiselwe labantu. Ngosuku, abantu abangu-400 kuphela abangenza uhambo olunjalo. Uma ufuna ukuya kuVaina-Picchu, udinga ukuthenga ithikithi kabili kusengaphambili: Machu Picchu + ugibele kuVaina-Picchu. Lethikithi izobiza ama-dollar ayishumi kunokujwayelekile, ngaphandle kokuphakamisa.

Ukuhamba nini uhambo

Ungaya ku-Machu Picchu ePeru nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Njengoba bethi, uma kukhona imali, isikhathi nesifiso. Kunezinkathi ezimbili zonyaka: eyomile kanye neyomvula.

Isikhathi esomile sinomusa kakhulu, esishisayo futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo esikahle kubahambi. Iqala ngo-Ephreli futhi iphele ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba.

Ukushisa kuyigugu kulo nyaka. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuba ulungele ukushintshashintsha okusheshayo ekushiseni phakathi nosuku (ama-25-27 degrees) nobusuku (kufika kuma-10-12 degrees).

Kulabo abangesabi ngesimo sezulu futhi abathandi izixuku, isikhathi esihle sokuya ku-Machu Picchu kusukela ekuqaleni kukaNovemba kuze kube sekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Ngalesi sikhathi ngenxa yesimo sezulu lapha inombolo encane kunazo zonke izivakashi. Ngakho-ke, ungakwazi ukuhamba ngokuphepha ngokubhubha. Ungakhohlwa ukuthatha i-raincoat noma isambulela nawe, ukuya ku-Machu Picchu ngalesi sikhathi.

Ungafika kanjani lapho

Ngakho-ke, ungakhuluma ngokungapheli ngobuhle bale ndawo, kodwa kungcono ukubona konke ngamehlo akho. Manje, uma wazi ukuthi yikuphi i-Machu Picchu, kufanele ucabange ukuthi ungayithola kanjani. Futhi indlela elula ukufika ku-Machu Picchu kusukela enhlokodolobha yasePeru - idolobha laseLima.

Uhambo luzoba nezigaba ezintathu.

Okokuqala: kusuka eLima kuya eCuzco. Kudingekile ukuthola umoya. On flight uchitha ihora nengxenye. Idolobha laseCuzco lisezingeni eliphezulu lamakhilomitha amathathu nengxenye ngaphezu kolwandle. Ngakho-ke, uma ushiya indiza, ungathola ngaphansi kwethonya le-okuthiwa ukugula kwentaba. Ukuze ulwisane nalo, uphuze itiye nge-coca, uhlaziye lesi sitshalo noma uthenge amaphilisi akhethekile asePorolaki aqukethe i-coca ekubunjweni kwawo. Yebo, hamba kancane.

Ukuze uvumelanise ngokushesha, ekuseni olulandelayo ngemva kokufika kwakho, iya ku-Machu Picchu. I-Inca citadel itholakala ekuphakeni kwamakhilomitha amabili nengxenye ngaphezu kolwandle, futhi lapho uzobe lula kakhulu. Futhi iCusco ibonakala endleleni. Lona yinhloko-dolobha yangaphambili ye-Inca Empire, ngakho nanku kukhona okuthakazelisayo kakhulu.

Isigaba sesibili: kusuka kuCuzco - ku-Aguas Calientes. Ngena esitimeleni. I-Aguas Calientes iyisimo sokuhlala esiseduze ne-Machu Picchu. I-huddles encane edolobheni ngaphansi kwezintaba. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isitimela esivela eCuzco yiyona ndlela kuphela ekhona ku-Machu Picchu. Ngakho-ke, lihlale ligcwele izivakashi. Ukuze ufike kuso futhi ufike nenduduzo, kufanele uthenge amathikithi kusengaphambili kwiwebhusayithi ekhethekile ye-Peru.

Ibanga elivela eCuzco endaweni eya kuyo likhulu kakhulu - amakhilomitha angu-92. Endleleni uzochitha amahora angaphezu kwamathathu. Kodwa akudingeki ube nesithukuthezi: amafasitela esitimela anikeza umbono omuhle kakhulu wezintaba. Ngakho ungakhohlwa ikhamera! Ngendlela, uma ungahle uhlele ukuchitha ubusuku e-Aguas-Calientes, bese uthola ithikithi lokubuyela ngokushesha, ekubalweni ukuthi ngeke uchithe amahora angaphezu kwamahora amathathu edolobheni le-Incas. Lokho kuyokwanela.

Isigaba sesithathu: kusuka ku-Aguas Calientes - kuya ku-Machu Picchu. Kusuka edolobheni kukhona ibhasi eliqondile. Kusondele kakhulu: kungu-25 imizuzu yokushayela. Ithikithi lebhasi lingabizi: uhambo olujikelezayo - ngaphakathi kwama-dollar angu-15.

Amathikithi emnyango we-Machu Picchu abiza u-$ 45 umuntu ngamunye. Kodwa khumbula ukuthi ungakwazi ukukhokha kuphela imali yendawo. Ngakho lungiselela imali kusengaphambili. Yiba nohambo oluhle nokubuka okungazilibaleki!