Umqondo ngomshado umthetho umndeni. Amafomu ngomshado. izimfanelo yomshado engokomthetho emthethweni umndeni

umthetho Umkhaya kuhlanganisa imithetho elawula nobuhlobo obukhethekile phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane. Ikakhulukazi sikhuluma ubuhlobo esisemthethweni, esungulwe ngenhloso yasendlini ngokuhlanganyela, lokuzalwa futhi umzali. Ngokwejwayelekile kwamukelekile umqondo womshado.

umthetho Umkhaya ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile kumele uhlangane nesenzakalo yalokhu kuhlangana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho unikeza eziningi izici ukunweba definition owaziwa. Cabangela eminye ukuthi lo mshado izindinganiso yesimanje.

Uhlolojikelele

Kanjani umthetho uzothatha umqondo komshado? umthetho Umkhaya ibizwa ngokuthi khulula, alinganayo, mhlawumbe esibophweni sothando esihlala njalo phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane. Kwenzeka kuhambisana nemibandela kanye nezinqubo eshiwo umthetho. Ngezinye ukubhalisa umshado wabo, lo mbhangqwana kubonakala athile obunikazi mutual nezibopho siqu kanye namalungelo. Lenchazelo kwahlongozwa ngu usosayensi Soviet G. K. Matveevym futhi yayisekelwe yokuthi njengomunye woFakazi imigomo ye kwakwakhe abesifazane futhi amadoda e-Union okufanele azenze ukuzalwa bekhulisa izingane zabo.

ukuthuthukiswa komthetho

Umqondo ngomshado umthetho umndeni ezazikhona isayensi zangaphambi wamavukelambuso, wabuye waveza kukhulunywa inyunyana bowesifazane indoda. Kulokhu, njengoba injongo eyinhloko isinyathelo kuhlalisana. Ngesikhathi imithetho efanayo siphawulile esavela inyunyana kwesivumelwano mutual ngendlela enqunyiwe.

Umqondo ngomshado, umthetho umndeni empeleni e nenkathi yamaSoviet, sahunyushelwa njengoba ifomu ngokuyinhloko entsha ubudlelwano phakathi kwendoda nowesifazane emphakathini sezenhlalo iyahluka kwenye ezikhona phesheya futhi.

amazinga yesimanje

Okwamanje, abacwaningi baphawula ukuthi umqondo womshado izici ezibekwe nenkathi yamaSoviet, zazisekelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuthambekela mutual zabantu (uthando). Kule ndaba, ezincwadini naleso sikhathi inyunyana abesifazane futhi amadoda zibhekwa njengemikhiqizo elala kuhlalisana ngokuhlanganyela, okusekelwe ezimisweni ubungane, nokubambisana nothando.

Ngo-1995 yena laqanjwa Article 256 Code Civil. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke lomshado ifinyelele ezingeni elisha ukuthuthukiswa. oluqinisayo abalulekile nesisekelo esingokomthetho ukungena imifelandawonye futhi kugujwa i-IC entsha. Le khodi yethulwa ngo-1995 Ngenxa isisekelo sakhe esisha zibukeka ababezibheka, ezintsha ngokuphelele ukubukwa isayensi ku lomshado. Lezi zindlela zihluke nalezo ezazikhona kwamaSoviet.

definition

Njengoba omunye wabalobi komuntu owayebonisa kubika khona imvelo civil-yomshado engokomthetho izenzo ANTOKOLSKY. Yena ekholisayo wagomela ngokuthi isivumelwano empeleni yayo inyunyana kuhlukile inkontileka yombango ingxenye, okuyinto ilawulwa imithetho futhi kuphakamisa nemiphumela ethile.

kodwa abalobi abaningi ngaphandle ANTOKOLSKY eveziwe umshado onjalo. Izindlela ezingafani ezisetshenziswa ekwelashweni yayo kwenzeke hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi phesheya.

Ukuhlaziya inkinga wenza sikwazi ukuletha imibono yayo definition. Umshado Kuyaphawuleka ezibaluleke kakhulu kwezomthetho isishiya umndeni othayi zomthetho. Usekhonza njengephayona union yokuzithandela futhi mahhala abesifazane amadoda, waphetha ngendlela yakhona, ekufezeni izidingo komthetho futhi kuhloswe ukudala umndeni.

izimo

Kukhona othile ukuze ngomshado. Umthetho womndeni lizokwenza lezimo eziningana amadoda nabesifazane inyunyana senziwa olusemthethweni ngaphansi kwazo. Tiniketwe eSitatimendeni Article 12 UK. Uhlu ngokuya kubhekwa ukuba oluphelele. Lezi zihlanganisa:

1. kwemvume zokuzithandela.
2. Ukufinyelela yobudala ebekiwe.

Ake sixoxe ngazo ngokwehlukana.

kwemvume yokuzithandela

Ukuze bahlele ubudlelwano olwenziwa nokubhalisa umshado. umthetho Umkhaya njengoba isimo zayo zokuqala sisungula kwemvume yokuzithandela bobabili kwabashadile esizayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi intando isihloko, ingena ebudlelwaneni akufanele kwakhiwa bedle emthethweni ngesikhathi abanye abantu bakhe.

Umthetho usungula imfuneko wokuboniswa siqu sifiso ngokukhuthaza kokubili amadoda nabesifazane. Ngakho, imithetho kungavunyelwe umshado yi-proxy noma ngeposi. Intando kufanele uqaphele. Abantu badinga ukwazi ukuthi izenzo abazenzileyo. ' Noma yimuphi ubudlova, kokubili ngokwengqondo nangokomzimba, okukhwantabalisayo intando isihloko engasafuni ukungena ubuhlobo, kokuziphatha okubi esikhathini yimvelo, okuphikisana imvelo womshado alihambisani nezinhlinzeko Article 19 soMthethosisekelo, owenza izindlela babe namalungelo alinganayo futhi inkululeko ngoba abesilisa nabesifazane kanye namathuba alinganayo ukuqaliswa yabo.

Ukuphoqelela ayikwazi evela noma emacembu ubuhlobo, izihlobo, abangane kanye nabanye abantu.

isicelo

Babonisa kokuba kungokuvumelana yokuzithandela zamadoda nabesifazane ukushada. Isitatimende esenziwe zibhalwe futhi wakhonza ejensi bokubhalisa. Uma othile kusuka abashadayo esizayo ayikwazi mathupha iqhaza nokubhalwa idokhumenti ngokuhlanganyela, ubuciko osebenzayo. 26 ka inombolo uMthetho Federal 143. Ngokuhambisana kuyinsakavukela, izihloko inelungelo ukufake ngaphansi kwesinye isicelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvume yokuzithandela uzwakalise ngomlomo izakhamuzi kwirejista isimo futhi aqinisekise amasignisha yabo.

Ukuphumelelisa engu efanele

Kuwo wonke amazwe cishe yobudala efanayo ubuncane, okufanele izikhonzi emshadweni bonke eningabafumana. EBulgaria, isibonelo, abesifazane futhi amadoda kuba efanayo - engu-18. E-Hungary, Japan kanye nezinye izibalo eziningana. Lapha, i-yobudala enqunyiwe amadoda - iminyaka engu-18 futhi abantu besifazane - 16. Poland - 21 no-18, ngokulandelana. EPortugal, kusukela ngo-1978, embundwini obuncane iminyaka engu-16. Kulokhu, labo batholile Unelungelo ushade kuphela kwemvume yabazali. Uma laba bantu ubudala 21, bayoba bahlelekela ubuhlobo babo.

RF IC angashada kwabesilisa nabesifazane ngokufanayo. Uneminyaka engu-18 ubudala. Kulesi simo kuvumelana ukuqala umthamo civil ngokugcwele, ngokuhambisana Art. 12 we Code Civil. Njengoba ojwayelekile esivuna ukuthi isihloko ofuna bahlele ubudlelwane, kufanele sifinyelele engu efanele ngesikhathi sokubhalisa, hhayi ngosuku lokufakwa kwesicelo.

okuhlukile

Ngo Art. 13, n. 2 SC inikeza ukwehlisa kokuzalela ubudala. Ukuze lokhu kumelwe kube nesizathu esizwakalayo. Uma kukhona ohulumeni basekhaya ogunyaziwe ukunciphisa yobudala umshado iminyaka engu-16.

Umthetho akusho ngokucacile ichaze uhlu izizathu ezizwakalayo. Ekusebenteni, njengoba umthetho, banalo sokukhulelwa ingane, ucingo bengena phakathi kwababusi bempi noma uhambo olude umlingani esikhathini esizayo, kanye nokuzalwa komntwana.

Isinqumo ukunciphisa umnyaka wekuvuma samukelwa ngesikhathi izikhonzi ephilayo, befuna ukukhipha umfelandawonye. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we kubonisa inani leminyaka (izinyanga), yena kuyehla, igama izakhamuzi. Ngenxa yalesi sinqumo, izihloko okufakiwe isitatimende esibhaliwe. kungekho imfuneko ukuthi athole imvume yabazali uma lokhu umthetho.

Iziphathimandla Regional liyoba nelungelo ezimweni ezehlukile ukuvumela umshado iminyaka engu-16. Izimo futhi inqubo kokuqedwa kwalo wayezimisele umthetho we isihloko Russian Federation. Kusukela ngesikhathi sokubhalisa lomuntu, okuyinto angashada usunciphe ngamaphesenti imithetho, kuba seyisebenza ngokugcwele. Ngisho uma kuqedwa inyunyana uhlala njalo.

Ukukhethwa iyona ukuchitha umshado. umthetho Umkhaya kanye komthetho we-civil evumela bokuhlukaniswa namandla amancane.

Izithiyo ezithiya semthethweni ubudlelwane

Baveza ukuthi ungubani sihloko 14-th we RF IC. izimfanelo yomshado engokomthetho emthethweni umndeni kunqunywa izici imithetho kanye nemibandela yesimanjemanje. Nokho, kukhona eziningi izimo isikhathi esisukela kumhla zi inyunyana Akwamukelekile kungenzeki ngaphansi kwazo. uhlu yabo kubhekwa oluphelele. Izimo ekuvimbeleni nokubhaliswa ubudlelwano zihlanganisa:

1. Ukuba khona ubuhlobo bomshado okungenani omunye amaqembu. Leli qiniso libonisa ukuvikelwa isimo monogamous. Lapho nokubhalisa umshado ngendaba, okuyinto vele ungaphakathi emndenini nomunye umuntu, kukhona isimo dvoemuzhestva / isithembu. Lokhu kuphambene nomthetho wamanje. nomfazi oyedwa isimiso fixed namazinga emazweni amaningi. Ukukhethwa yisimo lapho nomthelela ikakhulukazi ubudlelwane ubulili inikeza wenkolo yendawo, okuvumela isithembu.
2. Ukuba khona kinship Brac. Ikakhulukazi, it is olwenziwe izihlobo endaweni ngqo umugqa ukwehla futhi inyuka imigqa - kwabazali izingane, abazukulu futhi ogogo / omkhulu, futhi esigcwele odade / abafowethu egcwele. Lo mngcele Usungula sekwakhiwe ithonya enqabelo Biomedical futhi imfundiso yenkolo. Kwatholakala ukuthi ukushadana kwezihlobo eziseduze kwandisa ingozi pathologies ezehlukene, lezinceku, ngokukhethekile, futhi unciphise amathuba inzalo enempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibono esitebeleni ngokomlando kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi mayelana inadmissibility we ubuhlobo bomshado kwezihlobo.
3. Ukusungulwa wokutholwa. Isisekelo lesi ukuvinjelwa futhi sisebenzisa izimiso kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi. Ubudlelwane phakathi Umamukeli futhi bamukela akhiwa isihloko ehlobene. 137 NC.
4. Ukutholakala ukungakwazi ngenxa isifo sengqondo, inkantolo esungulwe, okungenani ingxenye eyodwa yezihloko. ukuqashelwa yayo yenziwa ngokuhambisana Art. 29 we Code Civil. Ngokwe-isakhamuzi evamile nge isifo sokuphazamiseka kwengqondo ngenxa ekungafanele kube uyazi ukuziphatha kwabo kanjalo ziholele, ingathola isimo ehlatshwa ngendlela ebekwe-CPC.

zokuvimbela isithembu

Ukuze ugweme umshado ngendaba, kakade sezilithathile indawo emshadweni nomunye umuntu, uma kube nesicelo kuya izakhamuzi igunya umbhalisi ngempela akhombisa awabhalwanga ebuhlotsheni obunjalo noma cha. Uma kwaphulwa izibopho langaphambilini, okwethulwa idokhumenti efanele ukuqinisekisa leli qiniso. Njengoba kungaba isinyathelo yesahlukaniso noma ngokufa kwendoda / unkosikazi, weza force isinqumo senkantolo ku invalidation.

Izici yokukhubazeka ngenxa yezifo zengqondo

Isifundo abahlushwa izifo ezifana, abakwazi ukuphatha ukuziphatha kwabo, ukuqaphela izenzo zabo. Ngakho, asikwazi ukuveza imvume yokuzithandela ukungena ukuphathana kwabashadile.

Ukuvinjelwa somshado ehlatshwa pathologies engqondo okubangelwa ukukhathazeka umphakathi kanye nesimo ukusungula, umndeni enempilo evamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye izifo walolu hlobo kungenziwa ngofuzo. Lokhu, esongela ukuvela inzalo enempilo.

Ukungakwazi ukusebenza zingavela ngemva kokubhaliswa ngokomthetho. Kulokhu, ubuhlobo bomshado, yakhelwe ngesikhathi lapho izakhamuzi wahlupheka zokugula, kuzoxoxwa njengoba amazinga afanele.

Amahhovisi Amalungelo Registry

zokugula ngengqondo, obonakaliswe ngandlela-thile, kanye nezinye izifo, akuyona isisekelo ukuqashelwa ukungakwazi, ukwenza njengalelo izithiyo sokubhalisa umshado. Ezimweni ezinjalo, ukubhaliswa esemthethweni ubuhlobo bomshado kungenzeka zingenzeki kuphela ngenxa ukungabi khona umuntu intando bayazi.

Uma eHhovisi Registry has ukukungabaza ngempela impilo yengqondo komfakisicelo, ke unelungelo ukuhlehlisa womshado ngenyanga. Phakathi nale nkathi, babambimsuka kanye nabamele nezikhungo zezokwelapha ukunquma mayelana nokufaneleka isinyathelo senkantolo ku ebhekisela izakhamuzi ukuba isigaba kwabantu abakhubazekile.

Amafomu somshado

umthetho Family ikuvumela manje izinketho eziningana for abantu abangena emshadweni. Okungenhla wachaza semthethweni inyunyana. ukubhalisa umshado ohlelwe nemiphumela ethile ukuze amaqembu. Ikakhulukazi kukhona izibopho impahla maqondana nomunye. Ngakho, ngo-ekunqanyulweni kwe ukwahlukanisa umshado eyenziwa ezibonakalayo ezenziwa ngokungakhathali zitholwa kunqunywa ngokuhlanganyela ukuhlala nengane esihlalweni kuthiwa yesondlo inikezwa.

Muva nje, ukusabalala kwaba nobukhazi civil. ERussia, abantu abaningi abazona ezisheshayo semthethweni ubuhlobo. Lokhu kungenxa yezizathu eziningi. Ngokuphathelene yemfanelo, kungukuthi kulawulwa UK. Kodwa ngokuvamile, ubudlelwane ezinjalo enganyelwe Code Civil.

Kukhona esinye isigaba sobunye - umshado. umthetho Umkhaya akukuniki incazelo eqondile yalo. Njengomthetho, ubuhlobo obunjalo ibizwa ngokuthi izinyunyana waqala abangenalo uthando hhayi ukuzalwa futhi bekhulisa izingane, futhi ngezisusa zobugovu. Noma kunjalo, kungase kube khona eceleni eyodwa kuphela, futhi bobabili kuthengiselana. Umthetho akusho ukusungula nganoma yimaphi imishado enjalo ngaphandle uma ebhalisiwe ngenhloso ukwenza izenzo ezingekho emthethweni kamuva.