Okuchaza ilungelo ukusebenza. hlinzeka Jikelele komthetho wezabasebenzi

Umthetho ngokucacile lelipelwe, okusho ilungelo ukusebenza. Ngokuvamile, uma unentshisekelo lo mbuzo, kubalulekile ukuba ngokucacile ubheke i-Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ngoba liwumthombo onokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Nokho, izinto zokuqala kuqala.

umthetho

Kukhona leli phepha ukuze bangabhekani, njengoba ICESCR. Lokhu kweSivumelwano Samazwe Ngamazwe Samalungelo Ezezimali, Eziphathelene Nabantu kanye Namasiko. Futhi kukhona kafushane kodwa wabonisa ngokucacile, okusho ilungelo ukusebenza. Futhi lokhu ingenye eziyisisekelo kwamalungelo wobuntu kwezomnotho. Futhi, lolu lwazi ku 118 sihloko th soMthethosisekelo eU.SSR (1936), futhi kamuva wamashumi amane, kodwa idokhumenti elandelayo (1977). Ekugcineni, kungcono ilungelo esihlokweni sivunyiwe. №37 soMthethosisekelo WaseRussia. Lithi umuntu ngamunye ingasebenza, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ukuthi ukuhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezempilo nokuphepha.

Kodwa eminye imininingwane ingatholakala notorious Universal Declaration. Kukhona ilungelo ukusebenza uthi, ukuthi ngamunye wethu uyajabula ngokuthi khulula ukukhetha umsebenzi, imali ezimweni nje futhi zisekela, lokuvikelwa kuzo abangasebenzi, ukuthola inkokhelo ehloniphekile kanye namaholo evumayo. Ngokuvamile, ukuba konke okudingayo ukuze ube okuhle, ukuphila okunethezekile futhi babonise umsebenzi wabo ngenjabulo - uma kuba ukuchaza ngolimi olulula.

ukubandlulula

Ukukhuluma ngalokho kusho ilungelo ukusebenza, kuyafaneleka ukunakwa kanye isihloko. Ubandlululo kuye kwadingeka njalo endaweni. Futhi lapha netimiso ILO kanye nezincomo ngokucacile isimo: akufanele nhlobo. Ekusebenziseni inkululeko kanye namalungelo esintu, kukhona kuphela ukulingana.

Into engcono ngakho utshelwa Isentha №111. Usho ngokusobala ukuthi lisho ilungelo ukusebenza futhi kungani kufanele kube khona ukubandlulula. Izingcingo idokhumenti phezu koMbuso bona abuye kamuva inqubomgomo kazwelonke, okuyinto ihlose ukukhuthaza ukulingana ithuba abo bonke abantu maqondana umsebenzi kanye nabasebenzi. Inhloso esemqoka - ukuze kuqedwe ukucwaswa (by ubulili, ubudala, ubuzwe, bokuphila yezizathu zenkolo).

Isihloko 37 soMthethosisekelo

Kulo mbhalo, Russian main futhi kubekwe imithetho jikelele komthetho wezabasebenzi. UMthethosisekelo ubalula ukuthi umsebenzi - yokuzithandela. Wonke umuntu unelungelo lokubumba noma lokuba ngokukhululekile bachithe amakhono abo futhi ukukhetha uhlobo umsebenzi nasezinkolelweni, okuyinto ayithandayo. Isihloko liphinde lithi ophoqelelwe akuvunyelwe nakancane.

Ngisho nasezimweni ezikhululekile kungenzeka ncwadi iphawula ilungelo collective ngabanye zabasebenzi izingxabano sokulungiswa zazo ovunyelwe sebenzisa eshiwo umthetho kahulumeni. Lezi, ngasendleleni, nakho kubhekisela ekuzeni isiteleka (hhayi ethandwa kakhulu eRussia workaround).

Ekugcineni, futhi okubaluleke - njalo isisebenzi unelungelo lokuphumula. Umuntu usebenza ngaphansi inkontileka omsebenzi, inqobo ngempelasonto kanye namaholide omphakathi, yonyaka ikhefu esikhokhelwayo. Hlela ibuye zilandele izilinganiso ezithile.

Uhlelo komthetho Russian

Kufanele ukunakwa kuphawulwe. Freedom emsebenzini, ilungelo ukukhulula zabasebenzi, isimo jikelele - lokhu nokunye okuningi kuyinto kwezinye isithakazelo. Kodwa akumelwe sikhohlwe ukuthi kukhona legatsha ahlukene yonke equkethe yonke imininingwane ebalulekile kwi isihloko. Futhi lokhu nomthetho wabasebenzi. It etadisha nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana ngokuphathelene nokusetshenziswa kwabasebenzi waqasha (ngokuvamile ngaphansi inkontileka umsebenzi). Kuyinto lokhu legatsha ichaza imisebenzi namalungelo kubahlanganyeli lezi ubudlelwane. Yikuphi ngokuvamile kuhilela abaqashi, abasebenzi kanye nezinyunyana zabo. Isisekelo lesi umkhakha kuyinto ilungelo ngokomthethosisekelo.

Umthetho namanje munye. Futhi umthetho zabasebenzi kakhulu esihlobene yokuphepha, njengoba umsebenzi Code Labour kusho umuntu ethola izimpesheni Imihlomulo yomshuwalense. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona imininingwane ehilelekile, njengoba usizo kuhulumeni ukuze abangasebenzi. Lolu hlobo zokuvikeleka komphakathi izakhamuzi. Nokho-Code Labour liqukethe into ehlukile ku ukuqashwa izingane, abesifazane kanye nabantu abaphila nokukhubazeka.

neminye imininingwane

Ngakho, kwakushiwo ukuthini ilungelo ukusebenza, kuyacaca. Manje kubalulekile ukukhuluma mayelana okunye. Yileyo ndlela esizwa ngayo umthetho zabasebenzi ephambana nge civil. Lapha, konke kulula. Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu - kuba yomshuwalense izakhamuzi yizingozi ukuthi kungenzeka emsebenzini, ngesikhathi umsebenzi Emsebenzini wakhe. Kodwa hhayi kuphela ukulimala esinazo emqondweni. Futhi, sikhuluma izifo emsebenzini. Sanoma yikuphi ukulimala kwe abantu, ngokuhambisana komthetho we-civil, futhi liphinde likhokhelwe isinxephezelo zokuziphatha. Kuyefana nasendleleni izimo lapho kwakukhona ukuxoshwa ekhubazekile noma ukuhumusha.

Kukhona umthetho lobugebengu. Umqashi owephula imithetho yokuvikela wetemisebenti nobe ngokungenangqondo wenqaba ukuqasha kuye ngubani ofanele ezicini zonke, it unesibopho futhi ukuze bajeziswe. Kuyefana nasendleleni amacala ukuxoshwa okungenaqiniso.

Ngokuvamile, njengoba kungabonwa, Umthetho woMnyango ulawula ubudlelwane eziningi emphakathini.

On ukuvikelwa

Ngeshwa, ephuze iholo - akuyona into engavamile. Futhi wonke umuntu unelungelo ukubhekana nazo, lento kuhlanganisa ilungelo ukusebenza. Kuyini ilungelo ukusebenza? Leli yithuba kuze kube semkhawulweni bafeze imisebenzi umsebenzi wabo uma inkokhelo abakhokhelwa izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-15. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba lokhu, isisebenzi sikaHulumeni kufanele azise umqashi ngenhloso yakhe (ngokubhala kuphela). Uma usubhalisile, inkokhelo enesibopho abuyele emsebenzini wakhe. Asikho isidingo sokukhathazeka mayelana yokuxoshwa - lelilungelo itholakala esihlokweni 142 th-Code Labour.

Lokho bonke. Kumele ukunakekela sihloko №91 Wobudlelwano Ikhodi, okuyinto uchaza ulwazi oluhlobene amahora umsebenzi kuphawulwe. Maximum - kuba amahora angu-40 ngesonto. Futhi umcashi kufanele agcine irekhodi ngesikhathi wasebenza yayo isisebenzi ngasinye. "Ukugcinwa" ezihlukahlukene ngaphandle isinxephezelo akuvunyelwe. Indoda okukhulunywa ngayo ilungelo senqabe ukucubungula evamile.

emholweni

Cishe lena yiyona kunazo ukuphokophela, obukhulu futhi ebalulekile indaba ephathwayo oluthinta ngqo nomthetho wabasebenzi. On oda, indawo kanye isikhathi izinkokhelo s / n okulotshwe sihloko 136 th-Code Labour.

Lithi iholo likhokhelwa hhayi ngaphansi kuka zonke izinsuku ezingu-15. Nokukhokhwa kwezintela umqashi kufanele wazise umsebenzi ngokubhala. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela iholo, kodwa futhi ku inani isinxephezelo, amabhonasi, isigwebo izindleko, njll

Futhi esihlokweni №191 isikhundla eningiliziwe amabhonasi. Uthi Umqashi unelungelo (kodwa ngeke, ngeshwa) ukuvuza abasebenzi babo, ngokwethembeka okuhle futhi singcono kunabanye benza imisebenzi yabo. Zonke izinhlobo imivuzo, ngasendleleni, zibhaliwe inkontileka, ukuze uyifunde futhi ubuze imibuzo, kungenjalo kukhona ingozi inyumbazana ngaphandle amabhonasi.

Nokho, lokho izisekelo ukuthi kufanele wazi sonke. Phela, sonke exhunywe kwi-kuncike ngandlela-thile futhi kufanele kube abawazi amalungelo abo.