Uyini cantata emikhakheni ehlukahlukene

Uyini cantata - uhlobo noma umsebenzi olulodwa? Futhi lokho emkhakheni lokusungula womuntu kungokwalabo? Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi? Umculo? cantata oratorio ngokuvamile kudidaniswe, noma Madrigal Sonata. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola lapho uhlobo wazalwa nokuthi athuthukile. Phawula izibonelo eyaziwa cantatas trace njengoba luyingxenye imisebenzi isonto ntshumayelo design tebuciko, sesiye ezimele, umculo, elisebenzisekayo e philharmonics. Futhi-ke, thina uzokhokha ezinye ukunakekela cantatas Ioganna Sebastyana Bach, okunguyena owakhulisa ukuba ezingeni eliphakeme ukuthuthukiswa.

umsuka

Izimpande komlando uhlobo kungatholakala Ephakathi. I izinkondlo Troubadour kwakwenziwa ngokufana izinkondlo recitative nge zihambisane nezinsimbi zomculo. Ukuphindaphinda bekukuqalana izindikimba sina - izenzakalo zomlando reflection ezingokomoya. Kamuva isosha esihlatshelelwayo, wenziwa uwedwa, ngaqala ukuya umculo. Eqinisweni, uhlobo is acacisa e-Italy, ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI. Kwalona nje igama elithi has a izimpande Romanesque: igama eliyisenzo elithi "cantare" kusho "ukucula." Ngesikhathi High Renaissance kwaba ngaphezu kwakho konke, umculo. Kodwa yini isithixo cantata, futhi ukuthi lihluke kanjani ingoma elula? Okokuqala, i-onesizotha futhi sina indaba ephathwayo vesi. Okwesibili, umbhalo ngaphambilini kangako uma ziqhathaniswa umculo, okungenani ekuqaleni. Kodwa njengoba tinkondlo zazisekhona, le cantata waqala okumelwe ahlukaniswe kusuka Sonata - a izingoma ezilula wezinsimbi.

ukuthuthukiswa uhlobo

Njenganoma yimuphi ukudalwa ubuhlakani wesintu, cantata uye kancane kancane savela. Ekuqaleni, uhlobo zomculo wafaka izinombolo vocal eyodwa kuphela, uwedwa. Lo mkhiqizo seyaziwa ngokuthi Madrigal. Kusukela engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XVII on ukuthuthukisa uhlobo kakhulu kuthonywa opera. Incazelo yalokho kuyinto cantata, kwaba yinkimbinkimbi. Isakhiwo ucezu umculo yaqala ukuhlanganisa amanani eziningana uwedwa, kanye Arias, recitatives, Duets, kanyekanye, nawo ihambisana wezinsimbi. okuqukethwe Deep yemvelo sina umbhalo kanye umculo wahlala isici ingashintshiwe uhlobo. Ngakho-ke cantata akakaze alwenze yeshashalazi. Lo mkhiqizo Akudingi olubonisa indawo ezungezile noma izingubo. Kukhona futhi akukho indima. Lokhu cantata sihluke kakhulu kuyi-opera, nakuba i-orchestra kuba protagonist zonke isenzo.

Musical sihambisana izimfundiso

Ngesikhathi soMkhandlu WaseTrent sithi, aphethwe ekhulwini XVI, izikhulu zesonto wanquma ukuqinisa aspect yobuhle yokukhulekela ukuheha ethembekileyo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Gregorian Chapel - singers choir abenza umsebenzi ngaphandle kwezinsimbi zomculo - salandelwa emzimbeni. umculo wakhe waqala ukuthatha ukuma oratorio - ". ukuthandaza" kusuka egameni lesi Latin "orare", okusho Le misebenzi ayehloselwe ugcizelele ngokomzwelo ntshumayelo umbhalo umpristi noma ufunde ezithathwe eBhayibhelini. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba GF Handel wabhala ekhonsathini oratorio, umculo waqala letawubhalwa na temy.Sleduet yezwe cantatas bahlanganiswa ukubukeka yobuhle iSonto namasevisi esonto lamaProthestani. Phela, okuqukethwe kwabo kungaba ezifundweni zesikole nangokomoya. Ngakho uyini oratorio futhi cantata, yini umehluko zabo eziyinhloko? Akulula kangaka ukuchaza. Singasho ukuthi oratorio solo Arias zivame uboshelwe izindima kokusebenza kwalo jikelele eyisimanga. I cantata liyisici lyrical evelele, futhi Arias kungukuthi abopha kunoma yimuphi umuntu othize.

Bach cantatas

On ukuthuthukisa uhlobo futhi wathonywa kakhulu nangabanye Carissimi, futhi abanye abacwaningi sithambekele nimkholwe umdali lo zobuciko syncretic exhumanisa ukusebenza zomculo inkondlo. Kodwa kulabo wanika cantata kuzinga ehluke ngokuphelele, kwaba Johann Sebastian Bach. Ukuthi bajoyine izingxenye asankondlo zomculo ivumelana ngokuphelele nomunye. Imibhalo cantatas yakhe Bach wahosha kwemisebenzi namakhulu eminyaka 16-18th. Efeni elingokomoya labantwana izinkondlo German kunjalo phakathi nayo yonke inkathi ihlanganisa yenkolelo YamaProthestani, nezimfihlakalo Franciscan kanye pietism, ngisho Motifs wokuziphilisa kwesikhathi Baroque. Uyini cantata e umsebenzi Bach sika? Lena oyinkimbinkimbi vocal-wezinsimbi, ehlanganisa izingxenye eziningana, ngamunye ephethe isigqi yayo, Tempo nesu. Umqambi ubuhlakani wabhala umculo misebenzi ngaphandle kokuhamba imibhalo engcwele. Asazi ukuqonda, isibonelo, "St uMathewu Passion", uma ungenawo ukufunda Arias umbhalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo umculo kusivumela ukuba uhlaziye indaba kweBhayibheli, bazizwa ngokujulile.

uhlobo

Sesikubonile kakade ukuthi lo mculo cantata. Kodwa njengoba kwakuwukuphela ekuqaleni ifomu syncretic yobuciko, kulula ukucabanga ukuthi ngelinye ilanga ngeke enze kuhambisane nomculo. Ukubaluleka lodaba kanye nokuphakamisa umcimbi noma uhlamvu alethwe ndawonye cantata nge Ode to izinkondlo. Njengoba umsebenzi wokubhala, kufana Madrigal noma yokuvalelisa. cantata ngokuvamile ebhaliwe "mayelana naleli cala" - ummango beya sobukhosi noma ukukhunjulwa izenzakalo ezibalulekile. Lezo zincwadi futhi kubonakala ukuthuthukiswa lolu hlobo. Ngakho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kusuka esigabeni 'enkantolo izinkondlo "cantata wadlulela ifomu kulula futhi sikhululeke kakhudlwana. Ngezinye izikhathi wayeze livele izici uthando izinkondlo (cabanga "Leda" Pushkin sika). Nokho, Kodwa, zigcine kuqhakanjiswe cantata ezibalulekile futhi kuyadabukisa. Glazunov wabhala cantatas for eyikhulu yokuzalwa Pushkin, Balakirev - kuvulwa lesikhumbuzo ukuze Glinka. Ngenkathi umbuso kukaStalin , lolu hlobo wayebuye ethandwa kakhulu. Ngakho, N. Myaskovsky wabhala cantata "Kirov Us" ukufa sezombusazwe.

Cantata: Definition

Ngakho, leli gama inezincazelo eziningi. Umculo kunjengesipho uhlobo, umsebenzi ezilotshwe kule emthanjeni. Cantata useduze oratorio sihilela i-orchestra, choir kanye soloists. Lena esikhulu, umsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi ehlanganisa izingxenye eziningana isigqi ezahlukene. Njengoba for izincwadi, cantata - inkondlo ebhalwe ngesikhathi lalibe nesiqalo esihle. Njengomvini senkondlo, ke inezingxenye eziningana. Kodwa netingcikitsi cantata akuyona indaba elandiswayo, futhi ngikhazimulise.