Kuyini sibili okumele omama abangabodwa: izinzuzo, izinzuzo, izinzuzo, imixhaso

I Russian Federation iyisimo emphakathini ngamakhasimende. Ukunakekela izakhamuzi - umsebenzi eziseqhulwini iziphathimandla. Kakhulu isihloko esifanele namuhla udaba ka bazowenza abesifazane ongayedwa onezingane. Iziphi izinzuzo wabeka umama ongayedwa eRussia? Lesi sihloko Uzonikezwa impendulo enemininingwane kulo mbuzo.

Umama ongayedwa: ngubani ngaphansi komthetho?

Isibalo sokuhlukanisa emishadweni yabo Russian Federation nge sikhathi ukhula kuphela. Ungakwazi phikisana isikhathi eside ukuqagela nokuthi isizathu. Lokhu kungaba isikhundla kwezomnotho engazinzile in uhulumeni, futhi ingase ishintshe futhi ukuziphatha abavamile. Kwemikhaya kakhulu unezingane. Njengomthetho, inkantolo ushiya ingane nonina. Namuhla, umama ongayedwa - akuyona into ezingavamile. Kulokhu, ngokuvumelana nomthetho abe isimo esifanayo, akubona bonke owesifazane ohlukanisile nengane. Kungani becabanga kanjalo?

Ngaphansi komthetho wamanje, isehlukaniso ne umngane womshado akusho ngokuzenzakalelayo owesifazane abe "umama ongayedwa". isimo Okufanayo babe kuphela labo abesifazane eziye ezele ingane ngaphandle komshado. Umama ongayedwa eRussia - lena kumuntu okulandelayo kungabandakanya:

• akukho simemezelo ahlangene bobabili abazali;
• Leyo nkulumo kukholamu we ngubaba alinalutho;
• wesifazane wazala ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezinga-300 ngemva kwesehlukaniso (kodwa kulokhu kudinga ukuqashelwa wowesifazane umyeni wakhe wangaphambili akuyona uyise ingane kuyadingeka);
• wazitholela ingane, ngaphandle kokuba ngesikhathi esifanayo emshadweni.

Kuyadingeka ukuba bacabange ngalokho asikwazi ukuba isimo "umama ongayedwa" owesifazane, okubandakanya nalezi zidingo ezilandelayo:

• umyeni wakhe bancishwa amalungelo obuzali;
• umyeni wakhe eshona;
• noyise wengane isethiwe, nedatha okulotshwe imibhalo; ngesikhathi yena akuyona owesifazane womshado Ngubani owazala ingane;
• ngoba noma ngabe yisiphi isizathu, ungangeni ukondla obushade naye emuva kwesehlukaniso umama ubaba wengane.

Ngakho, ukuze abe ngesimo esingokomthetho "umama ongayedwa" abakwazi konke abesifazane abangashadile nengane.

Amalungelo lomama abangabodwa

Abesifazane ezinesimo "omama abangabodwa" zomthetho benezingane eziningi amalungelo kungaba bonisa kuwufanele ku. umthetho Russian uhlinzekela lokhu okulandelayo:

• State nesabelo ngenyanga omama abangabodwa kufanele ikhokhwe ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngokugcwele, ngaphandle kokulibala kanye nezinye izinkinga. Mayelana usayizi lemali umphumela imali owesifazane kufanele ufunde ku Department of Social Ukuvikelwa, etholakala endaweni ukubhaliswa kwaso.
• Ngaphezu izinzuzo ezigcwele isimo, wesifazane ongashadile nengane unelungelo lokuthola inkokhelo bemvelo lesifunda. izibonelelo okunjalo ukuba omama abangashadile kufanele ikhokhwe njalo.

• Lo wesifazane, kokucubungula isimo, unelungelo lokuthathwa njengomsulwa ubambe ingane kwezinye preschools aphume ithuba (kodwa hhayi yonke!). Lapha kuyafaneleka izinzuzo ukukhokha imali yesondlo ngomntwana enkulisa.
• Izinzuzo, nemixhaso, izinkokhelo ahlukahlukene agcinwayo ngumuntu wesifazane, ngisho lapho eshada. Ilungelo izinzuzo enikeziwe izolahleka kuphela uma oshade naye omusha ukwamukela ingane.
• Uma umama ongayedwa eqashwe ngokusemthethweni, khona-ke unelungelo ukushiya ngasiphi isikhathi esikahle sokuba wakhe.
• owesifazane Single nengane azinakugcinwa sisebenti sisebente sikhatsi lesengetiwe ngaphandle lazivulekela okufanayo.
• ukudla School, kanye iqoqo izincwadi umama ongayedwa umntwana kuyoba mahhala.
• Umama ongayedwa iyafaneleka izinzuzo ezithile nge ukuthengwa kwemithi ethile ngomntwana; Ingane inelungelo ukukhulula ukufinyelela egumbini ukubhucunga emtholampilo wendawo.

Akukhona konke kulungile, ngokomthetho possesses wesifazane ongashadile nengane. Yini edingekayo ukuze omama abangabodwa ngaphezu konke okungenhla? Le ndlela izochazwa kamuva.

On amahora zokusebenza umama ongayedwa

Kungakhathaliseki lapho esebenza owesifazane ongashadile ukuba nengane, ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi kumele zithobele izidingo ze-Code Labour. Ukuthi lokhu izinkulumo idokhumenti mayelana omama abangabodwa? Uma kuziwa ku-schedule zabasebenzi, kuwufanele amaphuzu alandelayo:

• Owesifazane ongashadile ukuba nengane eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 ubudala, ukwazi ukusebenza ebusuku (kusuka 22 kuya ku-6 ekuseni) kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi intombazane isiphelelwe kwemvume, futhi uma kungekho contraindications empilweni. Umqashi akanalo ilungelo ukuphoqa umama ongayedwa ukuba ebusuku (kuphela uma umsebenzi ngokwawo akuhloselwe inkonzo ebusuku - ezifana ebusuku umlindi umsebenzi).
• Uma owesifazane enezinwele ingane eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-iminyaka emithathu, edonsa it yebhizinisi kanye isikhathi esengeziwe emsebenzini kungenzeka kuphela imvume ebhalwe phansi.
• Umama ongayedwa onendlu ingane engaphansi kwengu-14 noma ingane ekhubazekile abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-18 ubudala, bakwazi ufanelekele umsebenzi awuphelele umsebenzi schedule.
• Owesifazane nengane ekhubazekile ungafaka isicelo izinsuku extra ezine off ngenyanga.
• Owesifazane zokukhulisa ingane kuze kube iminyaka engu-14 ngaphansi kwesivumelwano collective kungenzeka inikezwe wemaviki lamabili ikhefu elingakhokhelwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Iholo umama ongayedwa (uma kungeyena mayelana nezinzuzo) ayikwazi ephakanyiswe kanjalo nje. Lo wesifazane akakwazi ngokomthetho ufanelekele iholo ekhethekile noma amaholo njalo ngehora anda ngenxa nje yokuthi umntwana wakhe.

Kufanele futhi sikhulume ngenqubo ukuxoshwa. Owesifazane zokukhulisa ingane kuze kube iminyaka engu-14 noma ingane ekhubazekile abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-18 ubudala, akufanele kuthathwe ngu nokwehla. Ukuxolela ingenza kuphela kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• inhlangano iqedwe ngokuphelele;
• owesifazane ngezikhathi akagcwalisi, noma kabi benza imisebenzi yabo;
• Owesifazane othile wenza isenzo esikhulu ezingcolile;
• umsebenzi engalandeli nezibopho zayo (weza odakiwe, enze ukweba, kwephulwe ezempilo nokuphepha, edalula ekusithekeni professional, njll ...);
• lona wesifazane wasuka umsebenzi kumadokhumenti zamanga.

Lapho ukuxoshwa emthethweni abesifazane ungabuyisa emsebenzini noma ukucela isinxephezelo ezinkantolo.

intela ebanjwayo

Uyini imali yentela? Ochwepheshe ukunikeza kumagama elandelayo - a inani elimisiwe abantu imali ayizisebenzi ezingavikelekile icala kwentela yengeniso. Ngenxa yobukhulu kakhudlwana imali yentela inkokhelo ikhishwe.

Tax nezimali ezibanjwayo sithembele imikhakha ethile yezakhamuzi, kuhlanganise omama abangabodwa. Ukudoswa uhlale letisezingeni esizimele inhlalakahle lomuntu. Ngakho, kusukela ngo-2017 lapha ukunikeza izibalo ezilandelayo:

• 2800 ruble ngoba izingane ezimbili zokuqala;
• ayizinkulungwane 6 eyesithathu futhi ingane ngayinye okwalandela .;
• ayizinkulungwane 24. ruble ngoba ingane abanokukhubazeka.

Kulokhu, intela yengeniso uzoqala ukuba usetshenziswe esimweni lapho omunye umuntu uzothola ezingaphezu kuka-350 eziyinkulungwane. Per ngonyaka (acishe abe yizinkulungwane 30. Per ngenyanga). Kuthinta mthetho kanye nesimo umuntu njengoba "umama ongayedwa". Ingane wesibili, ngeshwa, ngeke udlale iyiphi indima. Kuye ngokuthi ingakanani uthola umama ongayedwa, futhi kuzoncika isimo sokubuyiselwa imali yentela.

Kufanele futhi sikhulume ngakho kungenzeka kanjani ukuba umuntu athole yokukhululwa yentela engenayo siqu. Zonke imibhalo kufanele ahanjiswe endaweni yomsebenzi. Ibhalwe isitatimende, ezizohlinzeka umqashi; Imibhalo elandelayo elikulo:

• isitifiketi sokuzalwa sengane;
• Isitifiketi kusukela UMnyango wezeZindlu ku yokuhlala;
• ukubhala kusuka umbhalisi ukungabi sikayise;
• iphasiphothi kamama;
• uma kunesidingo - isitifiketi ukukhubazeka kwengane noma isitifiketi esikoleni.

Zonke izimali ezibanjwayo zizonikezwa ngumqashi.

Mayelana ukunakekelwa esibhedlela

Yini edingekayo ukuze omama abangabodwa ekutholeni ilivu yokugula? Okuxakayo nje into ekhethekile. Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi wayengeke aphinde awathole amalungelo akhethekile ekutholeni ilivu yokugula ukuba omama abangashadile akekho. Kulokhu, konke nse njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ka-nabafazi abashadile; inkulumo imayelana kukhona izidingongqangi begodu 'kungekhe kube imigqa "kuyoba limane nje amahemuhemu. Noma kunjalo, silalela le nkinga sisesenjalo.

UMthetho Federal "Ngo umshuwalense social oyisibopho", okungukuthi sihloko yayo wesithupha, umisa imitsetfo ezilandelayo ukuze ilivu yokugula:

• uma ingane akuyona iminyaka 7, isikhathi ukwelashwa Imininingwane kumele singeqi ezingu-60 ngonyaka (oyedwa ingane ethile). Uma lesi sifo kuyingozi kakhulu, isikhathi esibhedlela kungenzeka kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-90.
• Uma ingane ephakathi kwengu-7 kuya ku-15, isikhathi esibhedlela kungase kungabi izinsuku isikhathi eside kunaleso 15 lo mama ngonyaka.
• Uma leyo ngane izokwazi ephakathi kwengu-15 kuya ku-18, unina kungaba ngithathe ikhefu lokugula isikhathi kungekho izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezingu-3 (kungathatha neviki elilodwa).

Ingabe uthembele esibhedlela uxhaso ukuba omama abangashadile? Umthetho libhekisela izinkokhelo ukwelashwa sinenkonzo yokunakekela iziguli emakhaya. Ngakho, kulesi simo, usayizi umama nesabelo owodwa ungahle:

• 100% we-nomholo phakathi nakho beneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-nesishiyagalombili;
• U-80% inkokhelo isilinganiso ngesikhathi isipiliyoni zeminyaka ezinhlanu kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili;
• 60% yemali isilinganiso nge ubude esingaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu.

Ngakho, lo mbuzo lokho kuyadingeka ukuze omama abangabodwa e ukuthunjwa isibhedlela, angabhekwa ivaliwe. Impendulo ilula: cishe lutho; Nazi zonke imithetho efanayo for abanye abantu.

Ukwamukelwa enkulisa: naziphi izinzuzo wabeka umama ongayedwa?

Njengoba sazi, imisebenzi izinkulisa WaseRussia ulawulwa ezingeni lomasipala. Lokhu kusho into eyodwa kuphela: izimo nezici yokwemukela izingane kulezi izikhungo ingahluka kakhulu kuncike esifundeni.

Iziphi izinzuzo wabeka umama ongayedwa lapho obeka ingane yakhe enkulisa? Kuze kube ngo-2008, kwaba khona isincomo esisemthethweni ku ukutholwa kwezingane lomama abangabodwa ngaphandle queuing kuleli zwe. Kamuva lo isikhundla isuswe. Ngandlela-thile, ezinye izakhamuzi ngisho emva kweminyaka eyishumi, ukukholelwa ukuthi kukhona namanje ekukhokheni ezivamile. Yiqiniso, akunjalo. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2017 azikho okuhlukile ukuba omama abangashadile kule ndawo, ngeshwa, alikho. Yiqiniso, abanye izinkulisa usengakwazi ukuthatha iqembu labantu gxuma kulayini. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuvamile ngenjongo nokuzitusa noma ukwandisa isilinganiso.

Kwamanye amadolobha, izinkulisa ukwamukela izingane kusukela imikhaya enomzali oyedwa aphume ithuba? Yiqiniso, le datha ukushintsha; kodwa 2017 kuba eMoscow (ngenani oda 1310), eYekaterinburg, kwase-Angarsk, esifundeni sase-Irkutsk nakwamanye amazwe.

Yisiphi isiphetho kungenziwa lapha? Izinkulisa namuhla tingasebenti imithetho efanayo. Ngisho "umama othile owayeswele olulodwa abanokukhubazeka" ngeke ufanelekele kwanoma iziphi izinzuzo, uma kungukuthi efakwe esifundeni. Isinxephezelo for enkulisa omama abangabodwa kungafanele - sekunesikhathi eside esikhathini esidlule. Ukuhoxa kungase kube into eyodwa vo: siqaphela, ekutheni endaweni ethize, ikakhulu kwaba izinzuzo enkulisa ku reception.

Nezezindlu umama ongayedwa

Kukholakala uma ezishibhile noma ngisho mahhala izindlu ukuba omama abangashadile? Impendulo Simple, ngeshwa, ngeke zisebenze. Kufanele uqale nge abaluleke kakhulu: ngeke athole nzuzo ngisho akhethekile imithetho ukuthola izindlu ukuba omama abangashadile eRussia alikho. Kungenzeka uthole ethubeni ifulethi, ukubamba iqhaza exhaswe nguHulumeni izinhlelo - kepha hhayi ngaphezulu. Yonke inqubo yokuthola izindlu kuyokwenzeka ngendlela efanayo njengoba ezivamile, imikhaya egcwele.

Okwamanje, izwe inohlelo "umndeni Young", owawuthi kusuka 2015 kuya 2020, isimo izokhokhela izakhamuzi nezingane, cishe 35% yezindleko ingqikithi yezindlu uthenge. Imininingwane uhlelo, njengenjwayelo, kuzoncika esifundeni.

Yini edingekayo ukuze omama abangabodwa olunikezwa uhlelo? Zonke efanayo, nokwemikhaya abavamile. Ukuze amakhaya ngaphansi kwemigomo ye "umndeni abasha" kuyadingeka:

• izakhamuzi Russian;
• ukufakazela ukungabi khona omunye izindlu;
• ubheke ukuqondiswa kwesifunda lokuhlala;
• yenyuka jikelele emgqeni izindlu.

Uma umndeni edinga izimo izindlu ezingcono, uhulumeni ngeke cabangela la maqiniso alandelayo:

• indawo emagcekeni ngezansi amazinga zesifunda;
• Indawo endlini namazinga sanitary nokungokwempilo;
• umndeni uhlala efulethini ngokuhlanganyela;
• umndeni has umuntu ogulayo, ukuhlala eduze okungaba yingozi empilweni.

Endaweni ehlukile, kumelwe acabangele imali kwabesifazane. Ngakho, kuye ngokuthi kungakanani uthola umama ongayedwa, futhi uzokhokha uhlelo isimo.

izinzuzo umphetho

Lesinqumo LoMkhandlu Uhulumeni eMoscow № 816-PP inikeza yokukhokha njalo ka izibonelelo ukuba omama abangashadile kusukela isabelomali edolobheni. Ngakho, owesifazane ongashadile, kodwa ube ingane bafaneleke izibonelelo ezilandelayo:

• ruble 300 ngenyanga izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-16;
• ruble 675 ngenyanga bathembele omama, kanye nabazali, wangaphambili owakwakhe abangafuni ukukhokhela nesondlo ezinganeni kuze iminyaka emithathu;
• ayizinkulungwane 6. ruble nyanga uncika Umama ongayedwa noma uyise womntwana ongazange attained engu-18 ubudala futhi ekhubazekile 1 noma 2 amaqembu. Uma ingane enjalo eqashwe, izinkokhelo kuphele.

Kufanele futhi sikhulume mayelana izinkokhelo abesifazane ingeniso ingezansi ezingeni le mihlangano. Umthetho sifundeka kanje:

• usayizi umama nesabelo olulodwa, ingane eneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-16 kufanele kube 750 ruble ngenyanga;
• ruble 2500 uncika omama abangabodwa abanezingane esezindala ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-1.5 iminyaka, noma kabani iminyaka yobudala isukela 3 iminyaka engu-18;
• ruble 4500 kumele sikhokhwe ukuba omama abangashadile, ogama yobudala - kusuka 1.5 kuya ku-3 iminyaka.

Ukuze ngamunye izinkokhelo ezithunyelwe ngesikhathi esifanele futhi ngokugcwele, njalo ngemva kwezinyanga ezintathu kuzodingeka uthumele isitatimende engenayo kule iziphathimandla zikamazisi. Isikhathi elikhulu nokufakwa isicelo esinjalo kuyoba eyodwa lapho lemali engenayo engakutholi izinzuzo womama.

amaphepha adingekayo

ziqinisekisa kanjani isimo sayo njengomholi umama ongayedwa? Yini imibhalo kule bugcogcwe? Ngokushesha kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi izinhlobo ezahlukene amaphepha adingekayo ukuze zonke izinhlobo izimo. Konke kuncike kulokho uxhaso uhlobo nemihlomulo ufuna ukuthola wesifazane ongashadile nengane.

Into yokuqala futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuba umama ongayedwa, isitifiketi sokuzalwa walo mntwana nge dash kukholamu ngoyise. Kuphela ngosizo lona wesifazane idokhumenti ziqinisekisa isimo umama ongayedwa. Uma isitifiketi namanje Ulwazi olutholakala uyise begazi, kodwa emazwini kanina, kufanele uthole inombolo ifomu ekhethekile 25. Funa ke, njengoba umthetho, ukuze Registrar. Kube uzodinga uligcwalise. Emva kokuthola isitifiketi ukunikezwa "umama ongayedwa" isimo, owesifazane ethwala ke emnyangweni esifundeni kamasipala a zokuvikeleka komphakathi.

Yini imibhalo ukuqoqa unina ukuthola nyangazonke ingane nesabelo? Umthetho kuleli cala ulawula zinhlobo ezilandelayo imibhalo:

• iphasiphothi kamama;
• isitatimende ngesimo "umama ongayedwa";
• isitifiketi sokuzalwa sengane;
• ushaye e passport ka umama wengane sika yisakhamuzi;
• Isitifiketi kusukela UMnyango wezeZindlu ukwakheka umndeni (udinga ukuqinisekisa ukuthi empeleni unina ophilayo nengane);
• uma kunesidingo - ifomu № 25 kusukela kumbhalisi;
• Isitatimende omama engenayo (iphepha Employment Isevisi noma evamile umsebenzi-book).

Ngokwemvelo, ngayinye yale mibhalo ehanjelwe kumele ikopishwe iphinde ifakwe ephakheji enkulu.

Umphumela

Kumele kufingqa konke okushiwo ngenhla, okufanekisa zonke izinhlobo eziyinhloko zezinzuzo zabomama abangabodwa. Uma kuyindaba yokuhlomula komphakathi, kufanelekile ukukhuluma:

• Izihluthulelo zedayari yezingane yengane esanda kuzalwa;
• Ukuvuselelwa kwentengo yemikhiqizo yokudla yezingane (uma ingane ingeneminyaka emithathu ubudala);
• Izinzuzo zemvelo ezinganeni ezingaphansi kweminyaka emithathu;
• Kungenzeka ukuthi ungakhokhisi ihhovisi lezindlu zokuqoqa udoti nokuhlanza uma unina enengane engakafiki eminyakeni eyodwa nesigamu;
• Imithi yamahhala yengane engaphansi kweminyaka emithathu.

Uma sikhuluma ngezinzuzo zabasebenzi, ke lapha kufanelekile ukugqamisa:

• Ukuhluleka ukushisa umama ongayedwa ngokukhipha;
• Izinzuzo zomama ongayedwa ekuqothulweni kwenhlangano;
• Inkokhelo ephelele yohlu olugulayo uma ingane ineminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala;
• Ilungelo lamaholide amancane engeziwe;
• Ilungelo lokusungula umsebenzi wesikhathi esithile (uma ingane ingeneminyaka engu-14 ubudala);
• Ukungakwazi ukuphika umama ongashadile uma uqasha (ngaphandle kwalokho, isizathu sokwenqaba kufanele sichazwe futhi siqinisekiswe ngokuningiliziwe).

Yiqiniso, kunezinye izinzuzo. Kodwa-ke, bonke baxhomeke esifundeni kanye nohlobo lwamabhizinisi (ezemfundo, zasenkulisa, amasiko, njll).