Umnotho isiphakamiso - a ... Supply uphoqe emnothweni

Ezomnotho - isayensi etadisha ubudlelwane lezimpahla-imali emphakathini. Ngenxa wakhe, singakwazi ukuthenga izimpahla ezidingekayo kithi, zisebenzisa amasevisi ukwenza inzuzo futhi izimali kwingqalasizinda. "Imikhomo" Basic lapho yonke le indlela eziyinkimbinkimbi yombango kukhona ukunikezela funa. Esimeni umnotho ngokugxila ekhethekile ihlaziye ubuhlobo babo futhi ubukhulu olinganise ekhona.

Uyini isiphakamiso?

Impendulo Akunzima ukumthola, ukuba umuntu amane nje abheke izincwadi ezikhethekile. Baveza ukuthi emnothweni inikeza - inqubo enikela supply osomabhizinisi kwezimpahla zabo emakethe. Inombolo yabo incike ikhono nokuzimisela zebhizinisi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo, futhi ukutholakala amakhasimende musa khumbulani ukuthenga lokhu noma lokhuya into. Futhi intengo nokulethwa kwezimpahla akuvunyelwe kuchazwe yimithetho emakethe umnotho, khona izimbangi, ezingeni GDP ezweni elithile, nemithetho esebenza kazwelonke, kanye nezinye izinto.

Ekhuluma ngokubaluleka ukukhiqizwa futhi ubuchwepheshe abathintekayo futhi kuncike sipho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu emnothweni, ngoba izingxenye ezimbili ezishiwo elichaza ikhono usomabhizinisi ukusebenza. Kuyadingeka ukuthi usomabhizinisi hhayi kuphela, kodwa ngingathanda ukukhiqiza izimpahla. Ngakho, kumelwe sibe nesifiso, okungukuthi imvume ukudayisa ngenani elicacisiwe kanye nokwenzeka - ukuthi izinsiza ezidingekayo kanye nemali ukuqala ukukhiqizwa.

Kwaneliswe isidingo

Zihlobene kakhulu. Uma isiphakamiso - iqoqo izimpahla emnothweni, ukubizwa ngokuthi emakethe Isikhwama futhi ikhishwe abathengi ubuthaphuthaphu, funa - uthanda ngokwabo abathengi ukuthenga lento. Isilinganiso yezingxenye ezimbili inomthelela kakhulu izinguquko okungu zokukhiqiza, ukunyakaza zomsebenzi phakathi imikhakha dolobha nokusakazwa kwayo. Lapho funa idlula ukuthengisela, intengo inyuka kwezimpahla nezinsiza, amabhizinisi uthole izinzuzo ezinhle. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zabantu, yini ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa: ngenxa yokuthi ifunwa uhlangana.

Uma Nokho, ubuswa sipho, abanikazi zilimale, abantu abanandaba yokufuna kwezimpahla, lo mncintiswano kulesi simo, ngokuvamile ezinkulu, amanani abawayo ngokushesha. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, isiphakamiso njalo edonsa funa. Ubuhlobo babo ivumelane - isiqinisekiso umnotho kahle, indinganiso ejwayelekile abahlala kuleli lizwe. Kukhula ngokufunwa, ayanda intengo. Kodwa osomabhizinisi akanandaba eliphezulu kakhulu izindleko: kulula uyigcine ezingeni evamile, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuze sandise zokukhiqiza kakade ngenxa yalokhu inzuzo enkulu.

Theory of Economics izipesheli

Yaphathwa labo zezomnotho abakhuthalele ukutadisha nezidingo emnothweni. Abameleli beNdikimba theory kukhona Arthur Laffer, Martin Feldstein, Dzhordzh Gilder. Zona efanayo elithi "supply-side ezomnotho" ayiswa ukusetshenziswa yaseMelika uHerbert Stein. Ngokusho la ososayensi, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa esimweni, udinga ukuba banake supply Imininingwane, kuyilapho ukungamnaki funa. Ngemva inkanuko ekukhuleni yokugcina akuqinisekisi ezinhle Imiphumela yesikhathi eside.

Imfundiso inikeza umnotho uzalela umcondvo lobalulekile: kubalulekile ukuba Ubuningi bamahora sikhuthaze izici ezithinta ekukhiqizweni izimpahla. abameleli balo ukuyibiza i sipho lukwazi ukushukumisa ngendlela enkulu ekukhuleni nokuchuma emnothweni. iziphetho zabo zisekelwe imithetho emakethe Uchwepheshe French Jean-Baptiste Zwi. Ngokusho amazwi akhe, into eyinhloko ukukhiqizwa kwezimpahla Amandla okuthenga kuphakama njalo ngokuhamba ukukhululwa emakethe. Abaphikisi kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela inikeza - Abasekeli umbono Keynesian - kunalokho, kufunwe yokudumisa batusa bakukhuthaze.

Izinhlobo ezinkulu iziphakamiso

Kwaneliswe isidingo emnothweni njalo eqondiswa isifiso namandla kalula umthengi. Abakwazi kulinganiswe ku kokubili ungumthombo ongumngcingo kanye siyibheka ngeso elibanzi le. Kuye lokhu, kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili okubalulekile:

• Ngamunye. Lo mkhiqizo owodwa ethile kumthengisi, inkampani, noma inhlangano.
• Ubude. Kusho ukudidiyelwa ndawonye kwezinqubo yonke impahla ethile wemboni komnotho, ezikhishwe wonke, ngaphandle kokukhetha, osomabhizinisi wahlanganyela core umsebenzi.

Kungaba wagomela ukuthi lezi ezimbili zihlale kuncike umthetho, okuyinto owasungulwa zezomnotho. Umthetho okuthiwa ukunikezela uthi: ngokwandisa izindleko izimpahla futhi anda sipho yayo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe mayelana nemithombo, uma ukusetshenziswa kwabo kuye kwafinyelela isiqongo esiphezulu, the rise in amanani ngeke ukwandisa ukuthengisela, futhi nalo ukukhiqizwa. Osomabhizinisi kudingeka sinake kakhulu ukuba ukuthengwa izinto futhi isabelomali esifanele kanye nokusebenzisa ukonga kakhulu.

intengo izici

Ukuze amafemu noma izinhlangano ngokukhululekile futhi yenqwaba ukukhiqiza izimpahla, kudingeka sicabangele izici eziningana ukuthi ithunzi elehlayo wokuthinta ukukhiqizwa. Okokuqala, kubalulekile kakhulu izindleko into. Ayanda njengoba linjalo, njengeliyiZwi ezimbalwa okudingeka ukuthengisa. Inani elincane labantu bakwazi ukukhokhela kwe-round isamba, ngakho isiphakamiso kumele lingabi likhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukwehlisa iindleko izimpahla ikuvumela ukuthenga ke cishe wonke umuntu. Ngakho-ke, kulokhu ukukhiqizwa has ukuba lenyuke.

Okwesibili, izindleko imithombo futhi uyakucabangela sezomnotho supply-side. Lokhu kusho ukuthi: zingabantu eqolo ngaphezu kwanoma kulapho intengo lezimpahla uyanda - ngokulandelana, ivolumu yokuthengisa kudingekile ukuba wehlise. Naphezu kwalokhu, lo sipho izohlala nezimo njalo. Lapho imali eyiphinda ezikhulayo ngokushesha, izinga lokuphila esikhathini inyuka zwe, ngisho noma amanani aphezulu umkhiqizo ngokwayo noma impahla okuyindawo senziwa, ukukhiqizwa zingandiswa. Futhi osomabhizinisi abanolwazi ukukwenza kancane kancane, ukugxila angafuna sabantu.

The main non-intengo izici

Lezi ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa futhi zonke izinsiza efanayo. Phela, lezi zici ezimbili yilezo ezithatha isinqumo emnothweni. Ngokwesibonelo, ubuchwepheshe. Izinga sokuthuthuka njalo kuphakamisa lizinga umthelela imithombo - okungukuthi, phezu nezindleko eyodwa impahla ungathola imikhiqizo. Ngokwesibonelo, umphumela isingeniso asebenzayo komugqa ukukhiqizwa kuba ukukhululwa ephakeme imikhiqizo edingekayo kulesi sibalo umsebenzi ngamunye. It kuvela ukuthi ukwanda ezingeni ubuchwepheshe luyakhula futhi inani izimpahla. Isiphakamiso kwandisa. Nokho, lokhu isici has awakuthinti kulawo izinto zenziwa ngesandla.

Ngokuphathelene imithombo, kusilela yabo futhi ukhiqiza ngosayizi. Umnotho inikeza futhi inikeza. izinto ezingavamile akakwazi ukukhonza njengoba isisekelo inqwaba izimpahla. Businessman othenga lezi zinto ngamanani amba eqolo: ngenxa kwandisa izindleko umkhiqizo ngokwayo. Kulokhu, isiphakamiso akufanele kube okusezingeni eliphezulu, kungenjalo ukutshalwa impahla ngomkhiqizo ngeke asule ngenxa yokuthengisa ongaphakeme.

Inani izintela abakhiqizi

Futhi nomthelela kakhulu isiphakamiso emnothweni emakethe. Kuyacaca ukuthi intela incike ubukhulu futhi engenayo losomabhizinisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuze uvale isikhala ukulahlekelwa ephanga, usomabhizinisi ophoqelelwe ukukhulisa intengo izimpahla - lokhu isici eziphawuleka kakhulu kulabo imikhiqizo okuyinto ibekwa intela kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, utshwala nogwayi - ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwabo bese ugcine impilo yezakhamuzi, noma uboya amajazi - ukuvimbela kuqothulwe izilwane ezingavamile.

Umnotho isiphakamiso - liphinde gxila inani abakhiqizi. Ayanda kuba, supply luyokhula nakakhulu. Kulesi simo, kudingeka acabangele izinsiza futhi alondoloza: bayoba behla ngokushesha. Osomabhizinisi uqale ukusebenzisa izinto ezibizayo njengoba ezishibhile wathenga ngokushesha esincintisana. Noma ukungenisa kwabo ezivela kwamanye amazwe, neliyoba ukwandisa izindleko. imikhiqizo enjalo kuyoba ezingenanzuzo ukuthengisa intengo efanayo, ngakho isiphakamiso ngeke ukwandisa.

Ezinye izici ze-non-intengo

Isiphakamiso Kushintsha kuye okulindele zezakhamizi mayelana amanani ngekusasa, izinto zokusetshenziswa kungenzeka, izintela. Ngokwesibonelo, abalimi zingayeka okwesikhashana ukuthengisa amazambane, balindele wentengo maduze yenyuke kakhulu. Umthelela reverse: Abenzi oyokwakha umfutho, uqagula ukukhula amanani umkhiqizo. Lokhu isici kunzima ukubala, ngakho akuvamile ngayo imodeli kwezomnotho.

Okubalulekile futhi izindleko nezinye izimpahla kanye supply imali. Kwezomnotho, lokhu kusho ukuthi osomabhizinisi njalo ngifuna ezindaweni inzuzo kakhulu utshalomali. Nge ukwanda amanani umkhiqizo, kuba ezikhangayo utshalomali - kukhona inflow capital. It kuvela, isici-non-intengo Kubalulekile: uma inani ukwanda, kukhona outflow imali emkhakheni zokukhiqiza, ukunikezelwa impahla ethile is kakhulu ziyancipha. Konke lokhu kuyadingeka ukuba acabangele ukuthi umnotho lezincwadi lalichuma kuleli zwe, futhi nezidingo ngokuvumelanayo umphelelisi nomunye.