Ummemezeli Levitan: Biography. Voice ikunika ithemba: "eMoscow ukukhuluma"

Ummemezeli Levitan biography ithakazelisa kakhulu futhi bezijabulisa, ajwayelekile kubo bonke. Wayengumuntu isipika iKomiti Yombuso we Council of Ministers zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. ekhululekile, ngamazwi yakhe eyingqayizivele izwi ngokuthi "izwi kwenkathi kanye Victory".

Watshela ayigcinanga ngokuchaza ukuthi izenzakalo ezijabulisayo, kodwa futhi linqoba. Mayelana ngokunqoba waphathiswa ukumemezela Levitan kuphela. Akumangazi-ke ukuthi ibizwa ngokuthi izwi ukuthi kusinika ithemba. Izitha babemesaba futhi bamzonda. amabutho aseSoviet izakhamuzi - othandekayo. Levitan waba legend lempi, izwi lakhe - Imfanelo EsiZulwini asinayo of Victory.

umndeni

Yuri Levitan wazalwa ngo 2 Okthoba (September 19, Old Style), ngo-1914, uVladimir. Umndeni wakhe abangamaJuda. Umama, uMary Yulyevna, eyingoduso endlini. Ubaba, uBoris Semenovich, ubesebenza njengomshayeli umsiki studio. Yena bathunga nenyumfomu abasebenzi nezikhulu.

ebuntwaneni

Yuri ebuntwaneni wachitha edolobheni lakubo. Levitan bathandile kusukela ebuntwaneni wahlanganyela emibuthanweni ehlukahlukene. Yena wayecula ekwayeni nabathandwayo imisebenzi eyengeziwe-curricular esikoleni. Wayefisa ukuba umculi odumile. Yuri enganginaso kusukela ebuntwaneni sihluke ontanga yabo ngezwi stentorian. Ngoba ngaye, Levitan abasha uze abizwe nangokuthi 'ipayipi ". Ngokuvamile abazali babangane bakhe bambuza ukumemeza ethi: ukubiza inzalo yabo, lapho wasenyamalala emehlweni.

Ubaba George wayefuna ukubona indodana yakhe enkonzweni yezempi wobunjiniyela-motostroitelya. Kodwa Levitan abasha zawa ngaphansi charm yaseshashalazini kanye bajoyine idrama club. Waqala kanjalo-ke nohambo lwakhe lokuya iphupho.

kumiswa

Yuri Levitan iziqu junior esikoleni esiphakeme (grade 9) ngo-1931. UVladimir Hill Komsomol wamnika ithikithi eMoscow ukungena eyunivesithi. Yuri wanquma ukuthatha uhlolo yokungena eMbusweni kinotehnikum (manje VGIK).

Kodwa kulindeleke yayo ukwehluleka. Ikomidi Ukukhetha akamvumelanga ngoba kinotehnikum "okayuschego" uVladimir accent. Khona-ke Yuri wazama ukuya idrama esikoleni. Futhi, kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. ekomidini Ukukhethwa babembheka usemncane kakhulu (wayengumuntu 17) nokuba ukubukeka onekhono.

Qala ummemezeli umsebenzi

Ngemva ukwehluleka ukuhlolwa kinotehnikum and Theatre School, Yuri wafuna ukuthola umsebenzi ngesikhathi isitshalo eMoscow isisebenzi elula noma uhambe uVladimir emuva ekhaya. Kodwa-ke isiphetho wathatha ube esejika.

Emgwaqweni wabanjwa iso lami amajaji simemezelo sesethi izipikha emsakazweni. Isethi kwaba yokuncintisana, kodwa Levitan namanje banquma ukuzama isandla sakhe kulolo hlangothi. Nakuba ngisho kwadingeka noma yimuphi umbono ngalokhu umsebenzi.

Phakathi amalungu ekomidi Ukukhetha kwaba Vasiliy Kachalov. Zonke abasha udidekile ubudala George, izingubo zayo (sweatpants and T-shirt) futhi yesifundazwe "okayuschy" accent. IKhomishana ekuqaleni mathintanyawo, kodwa lapho ezwa ekhangayo kahle ibekwe, esinamandla futhi sonorous izwi Levitan, wabhalisa njengomfundi oqeqeshwayo emsakazweni.

Yuri Levitan abaqeqeshiwe eqenjini Union Radio. Futhi ngokushesha waba isikhulumi esiyinhloko. Wayehlala endlini encane, okuthe tye studio, futhi wabasebenzisa njengezinceku izimpahla gramophone eziphukile.

Izinyathelo zokuqala emkhakheni izwi-phezu

Okokuqala Yuri kwenziwe umsebenzi courier - ukulungiselela nozakwethu sandwich kanye itiye, emahhovisi eyenziwa ngamaphepha imibhalo. A ebusuku wasebenza ngenkuthalo phezu kokubhujiswa accent yakhe.

Yena njalo ngcono silulumagama, wasebenza naye abaculi YaseMoscow Academic Theatre, ababekwa waxhumana abaqeqeshwayo - Litovtseva N., V. Katchalov, N. Tolstova, M. Lebedev, nabanye abaningi.

Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa Levitan wabelwa emsebenzini ngaleso studio. imisebenzi yakhe ihlanganisa ukufunda iDemo izindaba amanqampunqampu, izimemezelo nezinombolo zomculo futhi ushintshe amapuleti.

ukunakwa kukaStalin

Ebusika 1934, ikusasa ummemezeli abadumile Levitan, ogama biography uhlukile, wathola enye umsebenzi - ". Iqiniso" ukufunda lesi sihloko kusukela ebusuku ka Ngalolu suku, Yuri lokuqala got ukufinyelela ku-microphone. Ngesikhathi bethanda ukudalelwa ngalolo suku izwi Levitan yasePretoria Stalin, owayesebenza ikakhulukazi ebusuku. Radio ngaleso sikhathi lihlala lifakiwe.

Silizwe izwi Yuri, uStalin ngokushesha ngokuthi i-usihlalo weKomiti Radio futhi ucele ukuthi umbiko kusasa ekuseni ngesikhathi Congress 17 CPSU kwaba ummemezeli ukufunda.

Umsakazi main Levitan: Biography umsebenzi ukusuka

Levitan, ukuphaphatheka yinjabulo, lolungenamaphutsa abhekana ngayo umsebenzi. Ngezinye 12:00 studio ngakhuliswa iphakheji umbiko kaStalin. Yuri lesihlanu ufunda umbhalo. Futhi akwenzi amaphutha, kokungabaza kanye ukubhuka.

Stalin walalelisisa futhi emva inkulumo wayala ukuthi manje wonke amadokhumenti zomphakathi zifundwa Levitan kuphela. Ngakho, eminyakeni engu-19, Yuri baba izwi olusemthethweni Kremlin. Osebenza nabo kugcwale wambiza Yurbor bakubheka igama lokuqala patronymic.

Ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka izwi Levitan baba liyabonakala. Umsakazi ethandwa kakhulu Union Radio odumo kungafaniswa kuphela inkanyezi movie L. Orlova.

nenkani self-ngcono

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Levitan ukuthi ngokungenamibandela obonwa ozakwabo abaphathi, waqhubeka ukuthuthukisa ubuciko the ummemezeli sika. Evamise ukubuzwa wabeluleki ukuze ujike umbhalo ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, ukufunda imibhalo "sibheke phansi" noma umile ezandleni zakhe, ikhanda lakhe phansi. It Levitan yamemezela ukusindisa amatilosi i ice drift "Chelyuskin" Chkalov air travel e-United States futhi impumelelo bomkhankaso Arctic Papanin.

Levitan - izwi kweSoviet Information Bureau

Ngo-1941, lapho iMpi Yezwe II yaqala, izwi Information Bureau kwaba Yuri Levitan. Ukumenyezelwa ekuqaleni kwempi ngo-June 22 ayeyifunda ke. Ngemva kwalokho, iminyaka emine wayimboza isimo on the front. Marshal Rokossovsky owake wathi izwi Levitan lonke division.

Hitler babemzonda + futhi ngisho kuthiwa "inombolo isitha 1". Stalin yabhaliswa kuhlu inombolo yesibili. bezobunhloli German ngokuphindiwe waklama amapulani ukuthumba Levitan, kodwa amaNazi abakwazanga liqalise noma iyiphi. Ngakuzonda amaJalimane baqhubeka ukuveza ukufunda Sovinformburo ibika. Ukuze Rumer ikhanda umvuzo omkhulu wamiswa njengephayona elivamile. Ngokusho kweminye imithombo - phakathi kwamamaki ayizinkulungwane 100, ngakolunye - 200 ayizinkulungwane.

Lapho ebhekene isikhulumi eyinhloko yezwe bambalwa ababazi. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha Levitan iqhakazile wafafaza amanga ukubukeka kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Yuri wagcinwa eqashelwe eduze.

ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi ophoqelelwe

Ngo-1941, esiphuthumayo ophoqelelwe wayephakathi izikhulumi. Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe bonke babengaphansi umbhoshongo adiliza, njengoba zezindiza zamabhomu isiJalimane, bona ayeyizisulu ephelele. Ngakho-ke, ukuze uqhubeka nokusakaza kwaba ngokomthetho engenakwenzeka. Levitan futhi Isikhulumi sesibili, Olga Vysotskaya zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo ukuze Sverdlovsk (okwamanje eYekaterinburg).

sempi

Studio esifundeni esise-Ural yayisesigodini egumbini. A Levitan ongumakhelwane, emabhalekisini. Kodwa Yuri esehlala ababexhumana. abangane eMoscow baphinde bavunyelwe ukumvakashela njalo. Ulwazi eyayifundwa Levitan, babevela eMoscow ngocingo. Studio ku Sverdlovsk Yuri lizwakalise tinhlelo eziningi, aboshelwe indawo.

Zapelengovat main yezokusakaza isikhungo amaJalimane ayiphumelelanga, ngoba yengeza izitshengiselo ezivela kwamanye studio waya enamandla kakhulu Soviet edluliselwe esiteshini, itholakala eduze kwechibi Shartash. Futhi eziningi iziteshi Translational ke bagibele isignali yasekuqaleni. Ulwazi mayelana lapho Levitan, waba declassified kuphela iminyaka engu-25. Ngo-1943 Rumer futhi ezimweni ekusithekeni okusezingeni eliphezulu wadluliswa kwenye indawo, lapho iSoviet Radio iKomidi - Kuibyshev (okwamanje Samara).

"Ukunakwa! Moscow uthi ... "

Levitan Yuriy Borisovich - isikhulumi, ozwi lakhe saziwa ngisho abaphila manje. Nakuba ngaleso sikhathi, abanye musa ngisho uzelwe. Kuze kube manje, wonke umuntu ukhumbula amazwi akhulunywa okokuqala ngu Levitan ngemva kokunqoba yazuza phezu amaNazi: "Qaphela! Moscow uthi! ... ". Wakhuluma kubo ngo-1945, 9 Meyi, at 21:55. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi Levitan ukufunda umbhalo we-uMkhuzi.

Ukudlulisa kwakufanele izosakazwa kusukela Radio studio elise gum. Levitan kodwa akakwazanga ukuphatha ukuze ifohle isixuku ukuba ezibiyele, ngisho ngosizo kwamasosha namaphoyisa izingubo. Red Square esixukwini sabantu kwaba ngisho lihhabhula iwe ndawo. Kwadingeka ukuthi isakaze kusuka radio studio sokuphumula.

Iminyaka yangemva kwempi

Ngemva kwempi, kwakulinganiselwa ukuthi abantu abangamaphesenti Levitan kwamenyezelwa cishe 2000 ibika Information Bureau futhi ezingaphezu kuka-120 eziphuthumayo "umbani." Ngo-1950 Rumer ucele kabusha xoxa indaba okungenani ingxenye imibiko ukulondoloza, njengoba kwirekhodi sempi kwakungenakwenzeka.

Ngemva kwempi, Levitan futhi wahlala isikhundla sokuhola Soviet umsakazo ummemezeli. Ngo-1953 waphinde ukufunda amanqampunqampu ngempilo kaStalin. A 5 Mashi wamemezela isigijimi sokufa kwakhe, futhi, Yuri Levitan.

On indiza Yuriya gagarina isikhala umyalezo emsakazweni, futhi, lizwakalise isikhulumi esiyinhloko. Yuri ukufunda umbiko obhalwe ngendlela uhulumeni, kwaholela imibiko eminingi kusukela le ezibiyele Palace , futhi Red Square.

Levitan - omunye abadali newsreels imibhalo izwi. Uhlelo "Umzuzu uthule" ukufunda umbhalo ncamashi Levitan. Wayeqhuba uhlelo lomsakazo mayelana Veterans izincwadi. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, Yuri usechithe cishe izinkulungwane 60 ukudluliswa.

Ngokuvamile ezashiwo Yuri imfihlo amafilimu ezenzekayo zikahulumeni. La mafilimu senzelwe umbuthano emincane party ngesilwane esifuywayo, abasebenzi imfihlo ucwaningo nezikhungo nezempi.

ukuphila Siqu

ukuphila komuntu siqu, ngeshwa, Rumer futhi uwukakabi. Washada ngo-1938 kuya Raisa, umfundi Isikhungo Izilimi zangaphandle. Wayengumngane intombazane enhle kakhulu. Ngo-1940 bona baba nendodakazi owayebalwa Natalia.

Ekuqaleni, umndeni abasha ngihlala endlini ohlanganyelwe, etholakala eduze Kremlin. Base sathuthela efulethini ahlukene emgwaqeni. Gorky (okwamanje Tver). Raisa wahlala futhi Yuri ndawonye iminyaka engu-11 kuphela futhi ngalesosikhathi hlukana. Yuri bacelwa ukuba bahlale nabangane. Ukuze ngemva kwesehlukaniso iminyaka eminingi, wayilondoloza kobungane nobudlelwane hhayi kuphela owayeyintombi yakhe unkosikazi, kodwa futhi nomyeni wakhe omusha.

Uye emelelwa izinkampani kule ex-umfazi ngokuthi umzala. Lapho elithuma okwesibili, Levitan nokuningi ukuze ungashadile. Wayeke wakipita indodakazi yakhe uNatasha noninazala lapho ehamba ekhulekelwa yakhe futhi wazama ukwakha cosiness endlini. Kamuva, Natalia wazalelwa indodana, uBoris. Kodwa isiphetho sakhe kwaba isiphetho esibuhlungu. Ngo-2006, liye labulala abantu endlini indodana yakhe siqu.

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Eminyakeni yamuva, Yudka Berkovich Levitan senza out sincipha isibalo sawo. Iziphathimandla zanquma ukuthi izwi lakhe lihlotshaniswa izenzakalo ezimbi ngokwedlulele. Futhi lwalutho ukusebenza nomuntu kwaba "izwi, uletha ithemba" ukufunda mayelana imiphumela yokuvuna. Ngenxa yalokho, Levitan wafundisa izipikha-e-ukuqeqeshwa abasha, nibafundise ukuba nekhono lokukhuluma.

Yuri wayevame Veterans, wavakashela iqoqo izenzakalo anikezelwe seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Kwabaningi, izwi lakhe baba abathandekayo engcwele. Phakathi nempi, ke wathola amandla ukulwa amaNazi. Ukufundwa sakhe esexwayisa izilaleli ukuba negalelo elinamandla ngokomzwelo. Ngo-2009, i-documentary yathathwa abazinikezele Levitan kusuka uchungechunge oluthi "Heroes futhi Villains".

Ukufa isikhulumi eyinhloko yezwe

Ngo-1983, Yuri Borisovich ayenezinkinga inhliziyo sina. Kodwa lo main ummemezeli Levitan, ogama biography kuhlobene eduze kweminyaka yempi Wavuma ukukhuluma ngesikhathi kugujwa iminyaka engu-40 ye-yokukhululwa orel futhi Sifundazwe. Kwaba ngo-August. Inyanga sasishisa kakhulu, izinga lokushisa yabonisa angaphezu kuka-40 degrees. Kwesokudla rally wentokozo, esiqhutshwa. Bessonovka, ngokushesha ngemva kwenkulumo yakhe Levitan wavele wazizwa egula. Asikwazi ukumsindisa.

Levitan Yuriy Borisovich washona ngo-August 4, 1983 edolobhaneni Bessonovka. Imbangela yokufa - yinhliziyo. Ngaleso sikhathi, Levitan wayeneminyaka engamashumi 68 ubudala. Odokotela, lapho wakhishwa edolobhaneni esibhedlela, ingasakwazi ukusiza lutho Yuri Borisovich. Levitan ungcwatshwe eMoscow Novodevichy Cemetery ngomhlaka 10 site.

Izihloko kanye nemiklomelo

Ngo-1973 no-1980. Levitan waklonyeliswa isihloko Umculi Yabantu we RSFSR futhi USSR, futhi - ngowokuqala wezisebenzi umsakazo abathola lolu dumo. Yuri - Umculi Ezigcwalisiwe we RSFSR, ukhishwa oda emithathu izindondo eziningi.