Umlando emzini Yaroslavl kafushane. Idolobha Yaroslavl: umlando, nokuzwa

Yaroslavl ingenye yamadolobha ezithakazelisayo kakhulu eRussia. Namuhla sizokutshela ncamashi ngaye. Umlando emzini Yaroslavl eduze zithandelana umlando isimo isiRashiya, isiko ocebile wezwe lakithi. Ibalazwe ngezansi obomvu imakwe Yaroslavl esifundeni.

ukubaluleka KWEMASIKO zomlando zomuzi

Ngesikhathi confluence eVolga futhi Kotorosl emuva ngekhulu le-11 yakhiwa inqaba, okuyinto yayiwukuvikela tindlelanchubo Rostov Elikhulu. Wafakaza izimpi ngesihluku futhi amasosha Russian ozinikele kuya zidlamlilo Invaders steel odongeni Spassky Monastery. Edolobheni ukuze kukhululwe eMoscow zathuthelekela abezempi Minin futhi Pozharsky. Lapha e Yaroslavl, kwatholakala omunye uhlu, "Lay," iparele lase-izincwadi eRussia lasendulo. Igama kulo muzi omkhulu phezu iVolga, futhi ezihlobene amaqiniso amaningi oluchaza kusukela izimpilo izibalo olukhulu isiko yezwe lethu: FG Volkov, umqondisi, umlingisi wemidlalo, NA Nekrasov, athandekayo imbongi ethile ukuba inhliziyo isiRashiya, LN Trefolev, Democrat imbongi AM Opekushin, umqophi wemifanekiso, LV Sobinova, umculi AI Savrasov, umculi. Ake sihlole esidlule wezwe lakithi, lapho nge eziningi tinganekwane abantu namasiko ahlalisane zemihla ubufakazi.

Njengoba Yaroslavl sekukhona?

Umlando emzini Yaroslavl elisuka endulo. Umuzi iqala kusukela endaweni ethiwa kube yilolu suku abacibishelayo. I-Russian amagama endaweni evame ukutholakala izwi. Ngakho ngokuthi eluka eside, Cape ngesikhathi confluence emifuleni emibili. Kulapha, ku confluence ezakhiwe noMfula iVolga Kotorosl isiqondiso, kanye emkhonweni Kotorosl, okuyisona kanye phansi udonga Medveditsk, settlement yokuqala izakhamuzi zendawo.

Umcibisholo ekumbeni atholakele komkhondo Merya ngomzana, kusukela oqala indaba emzini Yaroslavl. Omunye zinganekwane mayelana nendlela kwakukhona kulo muzi siyohlala njalo ezingqondweni idatha eqoqwe abavubukuli. Ibizwa ngokuthi "The Legend of ukwakhiwa emzini Yaroslavl '. Lolusiko beza kithi emibhalweni Samuila Mislavskogo, uMbhishobhi Omkhulu Rostov.

Lena indaba emzini Yaroslavl, kunalokho prehistory yayo. Mayelana nendlela yasungulwa, bheka ngezansi.

Inganekwane yasendulo ibhere

Umlando emzini Yaroslavl Emblem esilandelayo. Lowo mdwebo bear. Le ngcweti kwamahlathi ingenye abadlali lomcoka le nganekwane wasendulo mayelana nendlela kwakukhona kulo muzi. Umlando emzini Yaroslavl kuyinto eduze ahlobene kwalezi zilwane. Esikhathini "Legend ..." Ungafunda mayelana ukuthi lapho, ngemva kokumisa intela kusukela izakhamizi Bear engela Yaroslav Mudry wabuya kule ndawo kusukela Rostov, abantu ke athukululwe "kuyinto isilo ngendlela enesihluku futhi izinja." Kodwa isikhulu wahlulwa isilo. Izakhamuzi bekuthi amabutho ethukile Yaroslava Mudrogo, futhi wawa phansi phambi kwakhe phansi. Le ndaba ikakhulukazi uyakuthanda ukulalela izingane lapho besalandisa mayelana nendlela Yaroslavl sekukhona. Umlando omfishane komuzi izingane kufanele lifake kwale nganekwane.

Njengoba yaziwa, ezizweni eziningi, njengoba ayephethe yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi bear, kwakukhona uhlobo Taboo - ukwenqatshelwa ukubiza igama lakhe. Mayelana Bear njalo wathi "indoda endala", "isilwane", "umphathi". Echoes lokhu esenzeka kwezinye izindawo kukhona namuhla, yebo, kuphela ngesimo abantu namasiko.

Chweba futhi ukubukeka Yaroslavl

On Yaroslavschiny ulwazi mayelana ihlelo le isilwane esinazo ethnographic, impahla bemivubukulo. Masikhumbule emfuleni Bear (okuyinto owumthelela kwesokunxele iVolga) kanye Fort etholakala lapha, ngokuthi "umuzi ibhere." Okuthusayo babanjwe ngesikhathi kufa elingcwelisa abakhileyo isilwane Bear ekhoneni, kwaba kukhulu.

Ngo ngandlela-thile usitjela isenzo Yaroslava Mudrogo kwakuvamile, ngokusobala, ezikhathini zasendulo. Yilokho ukuthi obaba wacabanga nokuthile ababengambeka waqala umlando edolobheni.

Yaroslavl ... Isifinyezo ezinganekwaneni kulo muzi, eyasungulwa Yaroslav Ohlakaniphile, eyadluliselwa isuka abazali izingane. It kubonakala uwuphawu edolobheni, isithombe bokuqala okuhlobene 17 leminyaka th lasendulo. Prince Yaroslav Yiqiniso, akazange aneliseke kuphela uzowanqoba bear, omelela ukuzimela kule ndawo. Ukuze sizuze isizinda kuleli i mfula ezibalulekile ezivela Rostov, wamisa umuzi phezu namathe zanamuhla, kepha efaniswe ngokuya unxantathu equilateral. Unjalo-ke umlando lemfundo kwedolobha Yaroslavl.

Inguqulo ekusungulweni Yaroslavl

Lapho kukhona isenzakalo esibalulekile? Lona mhlawumbe omunye nezindaba impikiswano futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo eziye kwasho umlando emzini Yaroslavl. Ngokuvamile, kumila edolobheni elihlobene ne izenzakalo 1024. Yaroslav Mudry, ngubani lalingene shí umbango nomfowabo Mstislav eningizimu, waphoqeleka ukuba benze imisebenzi Suzdal. Lokhu kwaba isiqalo izenzakalo ngenxa lapho umuzi yasungulwa.

Kukhona omunye umbono asikisele ukuthi ungaqala kanjani indaba emzini Yaroslavl. Chaza kafushane essence yayo. Yaroslavl, ngokusho kwabanye abacwaningi, yayizodlalwa eyasungulwa Prince kungakapheli 1010. Ngokusho kwale nguqulo, le nganekwane lilandisa izenzakalo Bear ekhoneni, ngesikhathi lapho Yaroslav kwaba isikhulu Rostov. Kumila inqaba eduze Kotorosl, umfula imikhumbi, angase nje isuke ibangelwa ekuqiniseni ezweni Rostov kwamandla kwesikhulu.

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala emzini emibhalweni yaminyaka

Ngu 1071 sifaka kukhulunywa okokuqala emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke edolobheni ezifana Yaroslavl. Umlando omfishane komuzi izingane noma abadala kufanele sifake indaba ukuthi loMfula iVolga (enyakatho-mpumalanga yeRussia) ngalesi sikhathi waqala ukuvukela ka serfs eholwa abantu abahlakaniphile. Emibhalweni yaminyaka ungathola irekhodi eningiliziwe kanjani ukuba abalimi bendawo, okwaholela lo elithi "Magi ezimbili kusukela Yaroslavl '. retinue kwesikhulu ukuyiveza kulokhu kuvukela.

Umsuka kwegama "Yaroslavl"

Sibona ukuthi ubuhlobo emzini igama umsunguli wayo, Yaroslava Mudrogo, kusobala. Ngemva kwalokho, lesi sibalo waba isikhulu olukhulu Kiev. Impela wamane igama isakhiwo. Ngisho ingane zingachazwa, okusho "Yaroslavl". Indaba izingane lomuzi (isifinyezo kwalesi sihloko kungenzeka isisekelo salo) kufanele utjelwe ngolimi olulula, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo okuthakazelisayo. Ngaphandle kokuya le ekucwaningweni kolimi, ingane ingakha nje ukumemezela ukuthi "Yaroslavl" kusho "emzini Yaroslav".

idolobha oqoshiwe

Emlandweni ngekhulu le-13 kwedolobha Yaroslavl, kafushane ezinikezwe kulesi sihloko, it kwaphawulwa esinye isenzakalo esibalulekile. Prince uConstantine Vsevolodovich ngo-1215 wabeka "endlini" phezu namathe - enkantolo kwesikhulu kanye iSonto kweNyuka the Virgin, isonto itshe kuqala. Esikhathini muzi kwakukhona omunye zezindela endala North-Eastern Russia - Spaso-Preobrazhensky (okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi nje Spassky). Yaroslavl ekuqaleni emelelwa, efana kakhulu eminye imizi ERussia yasendulo, ngokhuni ungene nqaba. Ngakho-ke kuyinto phezu Amathe wengxenye endala ngakho yayaziwa idolobha isikhathi eside oqoshiwe.

Manje leli gama olusankondlo lasendulo ungathi igama lakhiwa 1695. Isonto - UNicholas idolobha oqoshiwe, kungenjalo - ibandla St Nicholas Rubleny. Kukholakala abanye abacwaningi, igama "idolobha Chopped" wanamathela kuqhathaniswa ngasekupheleni ngenxa yokuphikiswa idolobha zobumba ngekhulu le-16. Ngo 1463 isimo Russian ongene Yaroslavl. Umlando edolobheni izingane, sifinyeto okungase enwetshiwe ngokungeza ulwazi ezithakazelisayo kusukela kulesi sihloko, akudingeki aqukethe yonke imininingwane yomlando. Engingakusho nje ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa komnotho okuqhubekayo edolobheni nokukhula insimu yalo waqala ngemva kwalesi senzakalo.

Yaroslavl kakade ngekhulu le-16, sizungezwe umuzi wabantu lwakhe olujulile nomsele zangaphandle oluphakemeyo zobumba. Igama "Umhlaba City" livela lapha. Lapha ngeke sikwazi ukusho ukuthi ukhona parallel eMoscow, lapho kwakudingeka idolobha zobumba ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngezinye Yaroslavl samanje futhi endaweni obomvu, isithombe okuyinto abekwe ngezansi.

Isikhungo zokuphatha komuzi, kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 kwaba endaweni nengulube edolobheni. Ngemva kwalokho, kwakunomsebenzi okuthiwa uhlelo evamile ye Yaroslavl, lapho isikhungo ihanjiswe Elias Square (uqambe kabusha kamuva WaseSoviet).

Amagama nobe emigwacweni yase dolobheni

Omunye awanakuziziba eyodwa Eqinisweni, echaza emzini Yaroslavl. Umlando, nokuzwa ke - konke ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Nokho, akukho amagama kancane nelukuluku futhi kakhulu okuhambisana nale ndawo. Njengoba yaziwa, Yaroslavl - omunye Imizi eminingi yasendulo Russia enomlando omude, izici zemvelo. Kodwa ebheka ibalazwe edolobheni namuhla, singazi ukuhlangabezana eziningi ezifuna nisebenzise iso lengqondo, amagama lasendulo. Amagama emigwaqo ezilandelayo :. Revolutionary, kwindlela Soviet, usekela wakhe, uSuku Ababambisanayo, esikoleni, njll Nokho, kukhona amagama elihlobene ne umlando waleli dolobha: Mill Lane, City Val Nekrasov, Yamskaya, Suzdal, Uzalo Sailor, futhi abanye.

Igama lomgwaqo Trefolev e Yaroslavl

Sitshele kafushane mayelana mgwaqo esifanayo, engatholwa ngokuvakashela emzini Yaroslavl, umlando, izimpawu zendawo legends okuyinto sinesithakazelo. Kumephu zanamuhla is a Trefolev emgwaqweni. Yaroslavl egameni layo immortalized imemori imbongi-entandweni yeningi, owayehlala lapha - LN Trefolev (1843-1905). Waphinde waba ezinhle umhumushi, isazi-mlando futhi umhleli. Abaningi izinkondlo zakhe zibé Folk songs. Lokhu, isibonelo, "Ingoma Kamarinskaya ongumlimi", "Dubinushka" nabanye.

Yaroslavl - idolobha, lapho kudabuka khona Nekrasov

Literary, Yaroslavl esankondlo - ngokuyinhloko Nekrasov. Eqinisweni Yaroslavschiny - the kwazalelwa khona imbongi omkhulu Russian. Eseyingane eneminyaka emithathu ubudala walethwa emzaneni Greshnevo (ngokuthi namuhla Nekrasovo), ifa lomndeni kayise, elise Awukude Yaroslavl. Nekrasov eneminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-11 libhaliswe esikoleni esiphakeme sendawo. Ingane cishe ukwazi ukuthi le mbongi omkhulu wayehlala edolobheni ezifana Yaroslavl. Umlando izingane edolobheni ngenxa yalesi sizathu kufanele kufake imininingwane emfushane umlandvomufi zokuphila kwakhe.

Ngakho-ke, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi akazange alahlekelwe uxhumene ezweni lenkaba yawo. Wayevame wafika Greshnevo ngoba ehlobo, futhi atholwe ifa ngo-1861 edolobhaneni Karabikha. Kulesi izindlu ke ngonyaka iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-14 Wayeseneminyaka eminingi ephila ezinyangeni ezimbalwa futhi wabhala imisebenzi yakhe ephambili kunawo wonke. Le ndawo itholakala kule ndawo, exhunywe ne izenzakalo zomlando. Esikhathini ikota kwekhulu le-15 yesibili, phakathi nempi yombango, lokhu lapho impi zenzeka phakathi kuka-Vasily Ebumnyameni, isikhulu eMoscow, futhi Dmitriem Shemyakoy, isikhulu Galician, ngoba nokubusa okukhulu. Ngo 1435 amabutho Shemyaka ehluliwe empini eduze Karabitovoy entabeni (entabeni eseduze Karabikha).

izenzakalo zomlando ezihlobene oNgcwele isimo Monastery

Igama emzini Yaroslavl ngoba lokho izazi-mlando izincwadi, kanye ngayinye abantu isiRashiya, exhunywe nomunye Empeleni. Thina okukhulunywe ngaye ngaphambili kulesi sihloko, ukuthi uMsindisi-isimo Monastery ingenye endala eRussia. Ubizwa eziningi izenzakalo zomlando kazwelonke ezaziwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, lapho sidaliwe isikole zenkolo, owokuqala e North-East yeRussia, eyayintula umtapo elalibhekwa njengelikhulu kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, eyayihlanganisa izinkulungwane zemibhalo yesandla. Futhi izindonga Spassky Monastery e 1571 wathola indawo yokuhlala yena Ivan Grozny, lapho amabutho wasondela eMoscow, Devlet Giray, YaseCrimea Khan. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindonga Isigodlo bakwazi ukumelana entwasahlobo ka 1609 esindayo sezinsuku ezingu-23 lokuvimbezela ngesikhathi somzabalazo ne abahlaseli Polish. Futhi 1612, ngomhla ka-July 27, izidlamlilo eholwa Minin futhi Pozharsky wathatha away impi ewumnqamula-juqu nesitha ezingxenyeni eMoscow.

Nokho, iqiniso elilodwa elishiwo yomlando walo ikakhulukazi imigwaqo. Uhlu "Lay", lesikhumbuzo kakhulu izincwadi Old Russian, it is igcinwe sacristy we sezindela. Bala Musin-Pushkin e 1795 wathenga isikhathi sokulotshwa kwemibhalo eminingana zisabalulekile Joel Autograph, wangaphambili Archimandrite. Collector atholakala phakathi kwawo, futhi babhala uhlu "lwabo Amagama ...".

Sesixoxile mayelana wezincwadi wesikole ezingokomoya, ise Spassky Monastery. Futhi umtapo, futhi isikole ngokwaso 1214 wayiswa Rostov. kwengcebo yalo, ngeshwa ashisiwe ngesikhathi umlilo emzini. Mhlawumbe kungalesi umtapo umbhalo wesandla "Amagama ...", okusho ngekhulu le-16, kwenziwa uhlu, kamuva atholwe Musin-Pushkin.

AK Savrasov - esinye isakhamuzi odumile Yaroslavl

Baningi amaqiniso athakazelisayo biography of isiko Russian elihlobene ne emzini Yaroslavl. Ababaningi Kungenzeka uyazi ukuthi lokhu lapho AK Savrasov, umculi omkhulu, abasebenza ngokudweba "I Ehlasela Ingabe Ufike" (kanye ezihlukahlukene neminye imikhiqizo). Wabamba e Yaroslavl, esibonakala, impela kancane isikhathi - kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ebusika kanye entwasahlobo ka 1870-1871. Nokho, leyo nkathi umsebenzi wakhe ube yimpumelelo kakhulu umculi. Ngo Yaroslavl, zalotshelwa ngu ezidumile ezifana "Ithuna we iVolga", "ukuchitha phezu iVolga Yaroslavl", "iVolga". It yadalwa njengoba imidwebo ezimbalwa "Ehlasela" abadumile. Omunye wabantu bokuqala eyabhalwa ke omuzi, ebizwa ngokuthi Martyr. isonto uVladimir wakhonza njengephayona okwasemuva umuthi lapho Ehlasela isidleke.

Le mpi ne AmaTatar, eyaqala eNtabeni Tugovaya

Zidlamlilo ayehlasela usongo akuyona wasindisa kanye ubukhulu ka Yaroslavl. Izitha baye bashisa umuzi, futhi Vsevolod, owokuqala Yaroslavl Prince, ubulawe ngesikhathi impi eMfuleni City, okuyinto elahlekile Russian. Kodwa idolobha akazange adikibale. izakhamuzi 1257 avukela. Yaroslavl, ngokusho legend, sibuthene Kotorosl Tatar lamabutho. Lapha, ngaphansi kobuholi buka-Prince uConstantine ku egqumeni elincane, elalilisha ngalesosikhathi igama Tugovaya ezintabeni, impi zenzeka. Nakuba abendawo balwa ngesibindi, amandla, futhi kulesi sikhathi wazibonakalisa ukungalingani. Kwesokudla enkundleni yempi, eNtabeni Tugovaya, amasosha Russian bangcwatshwa. Popular amahemuhemu kamuva sasihlotshaniswa igama impi entabeni. Ngokusho yetinsita egqumeni isikhathi eside ngemva abesifazane impi wafika ukumlilela abafileyo, "ulilele" kuye. Ifuna lokhu kwaba okusekelwe kuwo isihloko.

Nokho, lezi zenzakalo ezivele zenzeke ayikwazi bodokotela. Imilando Yobukhosi Bamuva belwa AmaTatar Thula, nokubusa uConstantine Yaroslavl ingafakwa kuphela hhayi ngendlela eqondile.

Yaroslavl ezikhangayo

Umuzi ngokumangalisayo ihlanganisa abadala nabasha, abacebile nabampofu, nomoya ezingokomoya. Ngo Yaroslavl, ungathola ezihlukahlukene ezikhangayo. Ngokuvamile bendawo alazi ukuthi umuzi wazo has labo noma iminotho, ngoba kukhona okuningi ngempela. Ezikhangayo esemqoka zitholakala phakathi nendawo. Zingaba inkulumo ende. Kuphela embankments we Kotorosl futhi iVolga nibaluleke! Inhlanganisela yalawo emifuleni - indawo ozithandayo sokuhamba izivakashi kanye bendawo. Ngo Yaroslavl Ubuye iminyuziyamu eminingi. Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kukhona Metropolitan Chamber, lapho izithonjana emasontweni zezindela emzini. Imidwebo ngabaculi Russian zigcinwa endlini likahulumeni. Futhi-ke, njengoba nanoma idolobha Russian lasendulo, ziningi amasonto: iSonto Ioanna Predtechi, ibandla Mihaila Arhangela, isonto Ioanna Zlatousta nabanye abaningi.

Lawa imininingwane ngomlando emzini Yaroslavl nezinto zalo ezikhangayo. Kulesi sihloko ngiye nganikeza kuphela amaphuzu ayinhloko ezihlobene nokucatshangwa umlando wayo wokuqhuma. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, umlando emzini Yaroslavl ithakazelisa kakhulu futhi edidayo. Tadisha kungaba eside kakhulu. Umlando emzini Yaroslavl base ishiya okuningi wezimfihlakalo, phezu okuyinto namuhla ishaya ososayensi abaningi.