Umculi u-Valentin Serov: biography, ukuphila komuntu siqu nokudala

Omunye wamakhosi amakhulu kunazo zonke ze-portrait kanye nokuqhubeka kwesiko lokudweba kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye kwaba ngu-Valentin Serov, owaziwa naye ohlobene kakhulu nezibalo ezivelele kakhulu zobuciko obuhle baseRussia. Amagugu, ihluzo, imifanekiso yezincwadi, izifundo zezilwane, ukudweba kwemlando kanye ne-antique. "I-self-portrait" i-Serov uhlobo lwekhadi lokuvakashela isitayela somculi.

Umsebenzi

Umuntu ngokwemvelo othobekile futhi othulile, nakuba ayengaphathi kahle phakathi kwabalingani bakhe, ithonya elinamandla kunawo wonke lalisemsebenzini wabantu abaphila ngesikhathi esithile futhi iningi labantu abalandeli, kanye no-Levitan, babe ne-Valentin Serov. I-biography yakhe, Nokho, akukho ukuguqula, ayicebile. Kodwa-ke, uma ucabanga ngemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala ngokuqhubekayo - "Intombazane ilanga" noma "Intombazane enezinhlayiya" - futhi ekugcineni - "Ukuthunjwa kweYurophu" noma "I-Portrait ka-Ida Rubinstein" - ibonakala, njengokungathi eminyakeni engamashumi amabili engavamile kusuka kumculi oyedwa Wazihlanganisa ngokuphelele.

Lokhu kucacile hhayi ngendlela yokubhala kuphela. Ngaphambi kwamehlo ombukeli, njengokungathi akulona owodwa, kodwa abadwebi ababili, abaze bahlala ezindaweni ezahlukene. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ngesikhathi lapho umculi u-Valentin Serov ehlala khona, i-biography yakhe ibhalwe ngobuciko, hhayi ngemininingwane yansuku zonke. Futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwakhe sasicebile kakhulu. Yonke imifantu, yonke into ephendukayo futhi iphenduka emhlabeni wezobuciko ibonakala ithathwe kulokho okushiwo ngu-Valentin Serov. I-biography kaKramskogo yayiphelile - i- portraitist enhle yafa , uphawu emabhanini okweqiniso kwamaWanderers, futhi ngokushesha umdwebo othi "Girl with Peaches" (1887) wabhalwa, njengokungathi ifa elivela kumlobi we-"Unknown" lamukelwe. Futhi izimpawu eziningi eziningi, izinsuku namabhuloho kusuka kwesinye isenzakalo kuya kwesinye.

Ingabe ubuqiniso buyiqiniso noma ubuciko?

Kwakuyisikhathi sokuphakama, ukukhula okuvelele komqondo we-peredvizhnichestva. Bakha i-Repin, iSurikov, Polenov, i-Levitan. Futhi akuwona umsebenzi womculi onjalo njengoSerov Valentin Alexandrovich, ongubilo lwakhe olungamhlukanisi ngokuthi "ama-Wanderers angama-ideological," okwenziwe ukuguquka nokuphenduka okubukhali kwezithombe nobuciko ekufundeni amaqiniso empilweni yangempela? Emva kwakho konke, ukuthonya, ukuqondisa, ngisho nokulungisa kungakwazi ukwenza ubuciko obuphezulu, okubalulekile, akudingeki ukuthi ubhale, kodwa kanjani. I-biography ka-Valentin Serov, umculi, wakhetha INDLELA, eyenza ukuba abe ngumuntu ongaziwayo phakathi kwabafundisi nabangani, engathandi omunye umuntu.

"Intombazane enamapayipi" - wona kanye intwasahlobo, ukukhanya ngokwayo, intsha kakhulu - ngokumelene nesizinda sokulila kwabantu kwamaWanderers kwakufana nokuqhuma. Kwakukhona ukuthi ungakwazi nje ukujabulela ukuphila, uthintwe imibala yayo futhi ubonge ukuthi impilo ngokuvamile ithunyelwe emhlabeni. Lokhu kwakuwukutholakala, okuyinto, okwakungeyona yonke into eyamukelekile ngokwanele. Ngaphandle kokucabangela ubuzwe, ngaphandle kwemigomo yanoma yikuphi ukuziphatha, umphakathi usuvele ungacabangi nantoni yokuzizwa. Futhi-ke injabulo. Nje-ke. Osebenza nabo baseWanderers abazange bathukuthele kakhulu njengoba badangele. Kodwa wagcina umbono wakhe wokulinganisa izimfanelo zokuphila ze-Valentin Serov. I-Biography, impilo yakhe yedwa yenza ingane ye-peredvizhnichestva, kodwa nokho wayesehlala impilo yakhe yonke umfundi weDemin odumile, nje ubuke impilo evela ngaphesheya, okusikhombisa ngokucacile umsebenzi "Intombazane ekhanyiswe ilanga."

"Ngifuna ukujabula": Serov noVrubel

Basebenza ngesikhathi esifanayo, bobabili basekelwe emithonjeni yokuqala ye-Renaissance Renaissance. "Intombazane ephikisana nekhasi lasePheresiya" yabhalwa unyaka ngaphambi kokuthi "Amantombazane anePeaches". Lo mbhangqwana, kufanele ngithi, uqhathanisa kuzo zonke izinto: ubusuku, umlutha, umbala wokulila, ukunethezeka ngokweqile, ukukhishwa kwe-statics ekukhazimuleni okumpumalanga ngokumelene nesisusa esicacile sokudweba umoya omsulwa, ukukhanya kwe-silvery, ukungajabuli nenjabulo, kokubili kumlingiswa wentombazane nokuhamba kwesibhamu. USerov wayefuna ukunganakwa okunjalo, kulula. "Ngifuna, ngifuna ukujabula!" - USerov wabhala waseVenice waya kumakoti wakhe.

Futhi uSerov Valentin Alexandrovich, oneminyaka engamashumi amabili nambili, owayengumdwebi wakhe uqale, waboniswa kulezi zithombe ngendlela efanayo yokuthokozisa. Uthisha wafundisa uSerov eParis, kodwa hhayi ekuhlangenwe nakho kwamakhosi omdala, abakwaMyuziyamu akucacile, cha, u-Repin wayekhuluma njalo ngokutadisha imvelo. Kodwa abandulela abakwaSerov babaluleke kakhulu, futhi wakwazi ukuhlanganisa ukuxhumana okuphazanyiswa kwezikhathi, ukubuyisela abadala - phakade! - ukubaluleka kobuciko: lekhwalithi, ukuphelela, ubuhle, ukuvumelana - konke okucatshangwayo kohlelo oluphakeme kakhulu lobuciko. Umdwebo womculi u-Levitan, isibonelo, ubhalwe ngendlela eqondile yesilasi.

Ubuntwana

Wonke umdali kufanele akhuliswe emasikweni obuhle, kodwa akuwona wonke umuntu onenhlanhla yokuzalwa emndenini wokudala, okwenzekile nomdwebi omangalisayo njengoSerov Valentin Alexandrovich. I-biography yomculi yabeka ukuthula, ngaphandle kokuphambuka okhethekile, nakuba kusukela ebuntwaneni kakhulu izakhiwo zahluke. Wakhulela emphakathini wobuciko: ubaba wakhe wayengumhlaziyi womculo kanye nomqambi owaziwayo, ummangalelwa kaWagner, owasakazelela ngentshiseko. Uthando oluseduze - eminyakeni engamashumi amane nantathu u-Alexander Nikolayevich washada nomfundi oneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, uValentina Bergman - wavuzwa ngokuzalwa kwendodana yakhe yedwa. U-Valentina Semyonovna wayebhekwa ngokweqile ngemibono kaChernyshevsky, kwaze kwaba yilapho esebenza khona, futhi lokhu kwakuthonya kakhulu ekukhuliseni indodana yakhe.

Kule ndawo kwakukhona izivakashi, abangane abahle bakayise: u-Turgenev, isibonelo, u-Antokolsky, Ge, owayethandana kakhulu nomfana futhi wamdweba amahhashi ku-albhamu. Ngokuvamile ama-nihilists ahlanganisiwe avimbela izingxabano zabo ekulaleleni izingcezu zomsebenzi omusha kayise, kodwa lokhu kuyize nokuxokozela okuhlangene nothando kwakunikeze lo mfana isikhathi sokubheka ukunakekelwa kwabazali, ukuba abe naye, ukuzindla, ukubukela. Eminyakeni eyisithupha wabulawa okokuqala - ubaba wakhe othandekayo wafa. U-Valentina Semyonovna wayematasa kakhulu ngokuphila komphakathi, kodwa washiya konke ngokushesha nje lapho izethulo zangempela zendodana yakhe zembulwa, futhi kwakungeyona umculo, lapho kuvele kungazelelwe. I-biography ka-Valentin Serov, umculi wesihe sikaNkulunkulu, yaqala ngokuqeqesha inkosi yangempela.

Phindela

Umama wathatha indodana yakhe eneminyaka eyisithupha eParis, lapho ngaleso sikhathi ehlala khona umngane omuhle - u-Ilya Efimovich Repin, osevele eyaziwa ngokuthi "ama-Burlacs eVolga", wanikeza lo mfana ukufunda nokuthatha izindaba zomphakathi. Ngakho uSerov Valentin u-Aleksandrovich wahlala ecishe abe yedwa. I-biography emfushane futhi ngokuvamile evame ukuthi yayivela lapha, kusukela enesizungu, ukuthi akuyona nje kuphela ukuzihlukanisa nokuziphatha okwakubonisa umculi kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe, kodwa futhi nokuzama ukuzama ukukhanya, ukuxhumana, ubuhle nenjabulo. Ukuzijabulisa kuphela kwekhono elizayo kwakuyizigaba kuphela - ezizimele kanye nothisha.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela ngo-1875, kakade eRussia, lapho u-Repin abuye khona, waba umthunzi we-Valentin Alexandrovich unina kaSerov. I-biography emfushane yaleso sikhathi ingabonakaliswa ngamagama amabili - ukuphila komphakathi. Iminyaka emithathu kuphela kamuva, izifundo noRepin zaqhubeka. Inkosi yathatha uSerov cishe emndenini: bahlala endlini efanayo ndawonye, baya emaphandleni, sonke isikhathi umfana akopisha amathishela othisha futhi wawadweba, wapenda, wapenda - kusukela emvelweni, kusuka ku-plaster, kusekhona ukuphila, imihlaba, imifanekiso, kufaka phakathi uthisha othandekayo. Kunezithombe eziningi ze-Repin ezivela ku-Serov, lona ungomunye odume kakhulu.

I-Academy of Arts

Ngo-1880 uSerov wangena kalula esikoleni, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva wahamba kalula, ethatha ikhefu lokugula futhi engabuyeli. Wafunda eCistyakov, owayesevele ekhulule umgudu wonke wezingcweti zangempela: Vrubel, Repin, Polenov, Surikov ... Uthisha wayenamandla kakhulu. USerov wacabanga ukuthi umbono wakhe unamandla kakhulu kunombono ka-Repin. Mhlawumbe ngoba uPavel Petrovich wayengowokuqala ukuveza ingcebo yamakhosi omdala. Kusukela kuChistyakov ukucabangela kukaSerov kwencwadi. I-biography ka-Valentin Serov, umculi oqaphela kakhulu, ukhuluma ngomsebenzi ophuthumayo futhi ophuze kakhulu, owamangaza bonke osebenza nabo. Kodwa uSerov akakwazanga ukusebenza ngenye indlela, futhi wayengafuni. Kodwa-ke, lena yikhwalithi yomfundi uChrisyakov ayethande kakhulu.

Ngenxa yemisebenzi kamama wakhe, uValentin Serov wayengelungu lezindlu zabasebenzi abadumile bamaMamontovs. Wamenywa ku-Abramtsevo, lapho le nhlangano yayiyindawo yaseshashalazini, futhi ngasekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, uValentin wayazi ngalolu daba ngokungafani no-Antosha, futhi akazange abize, ngakho waphumelela indima yakhe. I-Serov yayingenakulinganiswa kulezi zinsuku zasekhaya, isine isipho esicacile somculi, i-pantomime, yaphoqelela ababukeli ukuba bagxume ngokuhleka, kuyilapho behlala bengaphazamiseki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, u-Savva Mamontov unikeze lo mculi ngemiyalo yezithombe zokuvakashela abadumile, futhi lokhu kuyisiko, nokuphila ngaphandle kokulamba nokuncishwa. Enye yalezi zithombe, eboniswe embukisweni wama-artists waseMoscow, ehlelwe ngumphathi wezobuciko, ayibonwanga nje kuphela, kodwa futhi ivunyiwe ngabachwepheshe.

Ukuqashelwa

Ukuqala kwezinto ezimbili zangempela (futhi zahlala zidume kakhulu) zenza i-hero yethu ingavamile kuphela, kodwa futhi nayo yonke enye imifanekiso yabafana abasha ngaleso sikhathi. I-Vrubel yayiseKiev, wayazi kuphela umjikelezo omncane kakhulu wabathengi nabaculi, futhi kwakungu-Valentin Serov owamyisa eMamontov. I-Biography, impilo yomuntu siqu kanye nokukhulumisana okunobungane okungahambisani nayo ngenxa yomsebenzi oqeda konke, kugcwele kuphela ubuciko. Futhi kulezi zimo i-Vrubel ayizange iqondwe ngokushesha ngabanye, ngokungafani no-Serov.

UMamontov wamhleka usulu emkhosini. Ngingaqondi kahle ngaleso sikhathi, noConstantine Korovin, uSawa owayengakwazi ukuchitha amahora amaningi ekupheleni kwe-antechamber, elinde ukwamukela, futhi wathenga izithombe hhayi nje ngeze, kodwa ngenxa yokuhleka usulu. I-Vrubel yayala ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezintathu iphaneli, futhi lapho isilungele (futhi ku-Vrubel isilungile, okungukuthi, abanolwazi okungavamile), wanika ama-ruble ayishumi ngamahlaya ahlaselayo. Kuningi okuye kwahlushwa ngabaphathi abaculi abahluphekile ngempela.

U-Serov wabonakala phakathi kwabo nje kuphela othandwayo onkulunkulu. Wenza ngempela kahle, ngisho nasempilweni yakhe, okuyinto engavamile. Umuntu ojabulayo kuphela uzizwa ngokujulile umhlaba wangaphakathi wengane. Amadodana kaSerov u-Yura noSasha bafuna ubaba wabo ngokuzithandela, futhi ngokufanayo kwabo bonke, lo mdwebi wakwazi ukuveza umehluko - kubonakala, ukuziphatha. Lapha bazindla ngokuthula ngento ethile emhlabeni wezinkolelo zabo zobuntwana obuhle. Futhi kunomusa ukubheka izithombe ezinjalo - umphefumulo uyajabula. Ngakho-ke akumangalisi ukuthi abanye bathanda uSerov.

Isitayela sokubhala

Ngakho, ngaphambili kwakuyi-artist Valentin Serov. I-Biography, ukuphila komuntu siqu kungahle kuthuthuke ngokukhululekile futhi ngokucophelela. Ukuqala nokuqhubeka okufanayo kulindeleke kuye: inani elifanayo elangeni. Ukuthula okufanayo. Kodwa kule hlobo - umoya ogcwele - uSerov usevele ubonise konke ayekufunayo. Waqala ukuhlehlisa ngokucacile ukudweba kwakhe, hhayi ukuphindaphinda noma yini, futhi uma ngezinye izikhathi ebuya emoyeni, ngokucacile ukuze angakhohlwa ukuthi kwenziwa kanjani. Noma kunjalo, kumele ngithi ngisho lezi zithombe ezimbili zokuqala zihluke kakhulu komunye nomunye ngendlela yokubhala.

"Intombazane enamapayipi" - ukucabangela okumsulwa, insizwa, njengemodeli ngokwayo, imidwebo ephathekayo, ngisho neyimpikiswano. "Girl, sunlit" - isibonelo sikaMaria Simonovic - ngezinga elihlukile lokuphila, i-plasticity ehlukile. Isikhathi semodeli sihlukile, umbono wezwe uhambisana. Futhi uSerov wabhala ngokuhlukile: umdwebo unomdlandla, unomdlandla, awunamahloni, izindawo zombala ziwubuciko obuhle, zifana nencwadi kaVrubel, isitayela sakhe uSerov sasikhangwa ngaleso sikhathi. Lichaza isimo eside semvelo nomuntu - ukuthunyelwa kwe-postism ecacile. Spring nehlobo. Intombazane yasekuseni nentombazane emini.

Olga Feodorovna

Emva kwalokhu kuqhathaniswa okuhle, imisebenzi eminingana yadalwa - efanayo, kodwa ngezinye izinto ezenziwe ngobuciko obuhle. Isifanekiso somkakhe u-Olga Fedorovna, isibonelo. Izinkinga ezibonakalayo zengqondo zixazululwe ngendlela enhle kakhulu futhi ehlakaniphile: futhi umdwebo ogcwele umoya, imodeli ihlala ngokuthula, i-grove ngemuva, i-white blouse enezici ezivelele, izici zobuso ziboshiwe ngesikhwama, isici esinamahloni ... U-Olga Fyodorovna wayebuthakathaka kakhulu, ububele bakhe bubonakala bukhanya ngaphakathi, Kancane amahloni, kodwa njalo uzama ukubonakala semvelo - konke lokhu kanye nama-nuances okuziphatha futhi uhlamvu oluphelele lomlayezo phambi kwezethameli lube njengesandla sesandla sakho.

Enye yemisebenzi emihle kakhulu yale nkathi yokuphila komculi ingabhekiswa emifanekisweni emibili kaSophia Dragomirova njengobufakazi bokukhula okuqinile kanye nekhono likaSerovsky, nenkazimulo kaSerovsky. I-general (imodeli kababa) endlini yafaka ama-portraits amabili endodakazi yakhe, ebhaliwe ngesikhathi esisodwa - u-Repin noSerov. Ekuqaleni, zonke izivakashi zazinesithakazelo ku-portrait sika-Repin futhi azikwazanga ngisho nokubuza ukuthi ubani umbhali wesinye isithombe, eminyakeni embalwa babuze mayelana nesithombe sikaSerov, kanti i-Repinsky eyayilenga eseduze kuthiwa ayihambisani: "Ah, Repin ..." Lokho kwakuyi-Valentin Serov. I-biography emfushane iqukethe ubuciko obukhulu, okuyinto engamakhulu eminyaka iyojabula futhi iholele abantu ekukhanyeni, "enjabulisayo" eyayiyinhloso yomphefumulo wonke womculi.