Ukwakhiwa kwaleli Bushehr esikhungweni samandla enuzi e-Iran

Bushehr esikhungweni samandla enuzi - wokuqala futhi kuphela usuku ngosuku-athomu power station e-Iran lonke Middle East, esemgwaqweni eduze kwedolobha Bushehr. Ukwakhiwa iphrojekthi ebangele izibalo zezikhalazo ezifakwe Iran kusuka kwamanye amazwe, kodwa okwamanje amandla enuzi project kuphothulwe ngempumelelo futhi amandla isitshalo uqobo ethunywe.

Umlando sokudalwa

Isisekelo sekusasa esikhungweni samandla enuzi lakhiwa ngo-1975, kodwa ngemva kwesikhashana ukwakhiwa kwalesi Bushehr esikhungweni samandla enuzi iye simisiwe. Kwaze kwaba yilapho sebeshiye yiminyaka engamashumi amane nesithupha, kusukela ngalesosikhathi iye yaqhubeka.

Inkontileka ekwakhiweni Isivumelwano sisayinwe phakathi Iran naseJalimane kwelinye lamahhovisi we Siemens corporation. Nokho, emva kusungulwa US iziphathimandla lwezijeziso ngokumelene Iran, entshonalanga eJalimane esisekeliwe kubangane bawo futhi ngokushesha Waphendula waqala umsebenzi ukwakhiwa esiteshini.

Ngemva kokusayina isivumelwano ukubambisana kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla enuzi ezintweni ezingahlangene nempi phakathi Russian Federation nase-Iran ngo-1992 i-umsebenzi wokwakha owenziwa Ochwepheshe Russian. osonkontileka Iranian ngokusekelwa ososayensi Russian futhi abaqeqeshiwe ukufakwa ochwepheshe avunyelwe ukulungiselela esiteshini ukuba umkhankaso ngo-2007. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phakathi kwesivumelwano esisha esasayinwa kwala mazwe womabili, kulokhu supply kwesikhathi eside yokubasela enuzi izitshalo amandla Novosibirsk. Nokho, ngenxa ukwethulwa esikhungweni samandla enuzi izinkinga zezomnotho nezombusazwe Bushehr ke kwaphinde kwahlehliswa.

Ekugcineni, ngo-2009, esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi wakhululwa futhi anezinto lemali edingekile uphethiloli kanye ophendulayo waqala ukuhlola ukuphepha wokusebenza.

Ukwethulwa Bushehr isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi

Ngemva kokuhlolwa ezingenakubalwa Ngasekupheleni kwehlobo lika-2012 kwafika esigabeni sokugcina esikhungweni sokuphehla amandla enuzi nokuthuma. Khona-ke lo ophendulayo wafakwa at 100% amandla iphrojekthi ukwamukelwa. Kodwa ekuqaleni esiteshini umsebenzi akuyona into amaphutha ayo:

• izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuqala NPP limiswe uxhumano nge hit kuzingxenye ophendulayo futha;
• ingozi ngo-February 2013 wayeka ukusebenza kwe-ophendulayo ngenxa phutha samanzi generator, kodwa ngo-June Bushehr esikhungweni samandla enuzi aye wasebenza futhi.

okusho NPP

Ngokwezibalo ngo-2006, Iran idliwe amanani kahle esikhulu kukagesi - 136,2 bhiliyoni kW / h, kanti esikhiqiza 170 bhiliyoni kilowatt / ihora ..

Iningi ukukhiqizwa energy e-Iran (93%), wathwalwa amandla plant egijima ku igesi namafutha imikhiqizo. Labo abasele abanga-7% - lokhu ingxenye yawo emifula izitshalo amandla. Ezinye izindlela lokuveza ugesi (okunye) kusukela ngomhla ka-2006 kuleli zwe bebengekho.

Ngenxa yokushoda sinekhono kucutshungulwa imikhiqizo yamafutha Iran has ukungenisa amandla alitholakali omningi. Okubuhlungu nakakhulu le nkinga kwaba ngo-2007, lapho ngenxa yokuntula umthamo kuleli zwe ngisho wasungula ukugwenywa supply uphethiloli ukuze ngabanye. Kuze kube manje, uhulumeni wombuso isungule luhlelo ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa ugesi, ngakho isingeniso umsebenzi eziningana amandla enuzi amayunithi kuzosiza ukuxazulula inkinga amandla ukushoda kanye qha kwenela.

Advocates nabaphikisi amandla enuzi ukwakhiwa plant

Against ukwakhiwa kanye kusungulwe enuzi ngokuhlakaza ngaphambilini isinyathelo futhi aphume ashone Israyeli kude ne-United States. Isimangalo eyinhloko ohulumeni kula mazwe ukuthi Iran ukuthi kazi kuyiqiniso elimsulwa maqondana umphakathi wonke futhi uzimisele ukusebenzisa amandla enuzi lempi. Ikakhulukazi, ukwethulwa kwezikhali zenuzi wemboni ukuvikela isimo.

Izinsolo wasuka yokuthi Iran kuyinto ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa ukuba akwenze phansi kusivumelwano global on Nuclear Safety. Mayelana nalezi izimangalo-2000 izintatheli ngokuvamile ukukhulisa indaba a kungenzeka ukusebenza yalwa Iran, United States amabutho.

Eyesibili amandla iyunithi

Nge ukwakhiwa kwalesi Bushehr isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi iRussia sazibonakalisa njengoba usonkontileka obhekene ne eziningi ukuqeqeshwa okusezingeni eliphezulu lwesixhumi ongoti, ababesebenzisa ngempumelelo imishini Western uthenge ngaphansi kuhlulekile 1975 ukwakhiwa.

Lokuncintisana zenuzi amandla emakethe Russia iwine sibonga okusezingeni eliphezulu izinkinga zomnotho, ukuphepha kanye ukuthembeka izixazululo lobuchwepheshe kanye ithuba ukusebenza ngesikweletu. Lawa sezizathu ezinkulu zokuthi kungani uhulumeni Iranian iyaqhubeka nokusebenza neRussia ngo esigabeni ukwakhiwa iyunithi zalesi sihlahla yesibili.

Novemba 2014 wabona basayine isivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe ekwakhiweni lesibili ophendulayo umugqa. Ngokusho inhloko yabangamashumi Atomic Energy Inhlangano of Iran, u-Ali Akbar Salehi, lo ophendulayo entsha kuzokuvumela isimo ukulondoloza mayelana 11 imiphongolo kawoyela ngonyaka. Ukuze iyunithi yesibili yenuzi kwaba ukuqala ngo-September 2016.

kwanamuhla

Ukwakhiwa kwaleli Bushehr NPP-2 e-Iran namuhla ngesikhathi komqondo nezinga lokukhula kwengane nokuvunywa yonke imibhalo edingekayo ukuze iphrojekthi. Muva - Septhemba 10, 2016 - Ukwakhiwa ifinyelele ezingeni elisha. Ngalo lelo langa, sibonga ukubambisana kwala mazwe womabili yabeka isisekelo iyunithi we Bushehr esikhungweni samandla enuzi yesibili. Izithombe kusukela kulo mcimbi sandile emhlabeni wonke. "Rosatom" ukuphathise kakade uqobo ukuthuthukisa le phrojekthi, kanye iyunithi wesithathu simila. Kuphothulwe iphrojekthi athuthukile imibhalo - ekuqaleni kwehlobo 2019. ukuthuthukiswa kubiza ruble 1,78 billion.

Sikhungo efakwe iyunithi isitshalo wesibili nowesithathu kumele athobele zonke izidingo zokuphepha wamanje. Ngakho-ke, abaklami baye basungula yesimanje izitshalo zobuchwepheshe, okuyinto acabangele zanqwabelana global Isipiliyoni. Ngokusho iphrojekthi luzoqala eminyakeni engaphezu kweshumi imibhalo zamanje. I kokuqala futhi isingeniso Bushehr esikhungweni samandla enuzi-2 owawuzoba ekwindla 2024, kanye nokuhlolwa nokubeka Bushehr-3 ehleliwe entwasahlobo ka 2026-th.

amaqiniso abalulekile

amandla enuzi namuhla evumela yiliphi izwe akuxhomekile igesi namafutha. Plant ngeke bangcolise indawo ezungezile, ongaphakeme petrol ngaleyo ndlela babe umthamo high. Ububi oyinhloko zonke izitshalo amandla enuzi kukhona imiphumela emibi izingozi, ngisho okungenzeka yabo ongaphakeme.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla enuzi namuhla inikeza yiliphi izwe lithembeke amandla uhlelo, futhi kwemandla enyukliya - ifomu enobungane kakhulu imvelo kwamandla isizukulwane ngemva imithombo besebenzisa umoya energy njengoba uphethiloli, ilanga, kanye nabanye. Ukukhiqizwa kukagesi usebenzisa amandla enuzi ezibizayo, okuvumela yiliphi izwe ukudayisa imikhiqizo yabo ngezinzuzo kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla ukuvumela yiliphi izwe ukulondoloza amasheya kwemithombo yemvelo efana methane, uwoyela kanye nabanye.

Ngokuqondene Bushehr Aer, kwasungulwa block wesithathu isisekelo kufanele ezalethwa 2018, futhi amaphrojekthi eside ehilela ukwakhiwa amayunithi eziyisishiyagalombili enuzi izitshalo amandla.