Black ngoLwesibili. ukuwa azimele of the ruble liqhathaniswa ne-dollar 11 Okthoba 1994

Ukubheka kuzuba njalo ruble maqondana izimali zakwamanye amazwe, izakhamuzi eziningi sikhohlwe ukuthi izenzakalo ezifanayo ababanga kakade ukuba sikhuthazele. Ngisho amazwe imvelo kwezomnotho esitebeleni kufanele ubhekane nenkinga futhi buthakathaka lwemali kazwelonke. Lokhu kwenzeka ngokuvamile kakhulu uthi, okuyinto engazange kwakhiwa uhlelo strong zezimali futhi akukho inqubomgomo afanele uhulumeni ukuvimbela ukuwohloka okungenzeka lwemali kanye nokuqedwa ngemiphumela izingozi ezinjalo.

Amathrendi wakamuva emnothweni wonke kubonisa ukuthi iRussia kuyadingeka ukuze ngokuphelele ukushintsha Vector womsebenzi walo kwezomnotho. Eside lwemali uwa ngonyaka odlule, okunomthelela nakakhulu kuwo wonke umhlali walelive kuka nciphisa yesikhashana Ruble ngo-1994, lapho osomnotho futhi abezindaba wanikeza ngokuthi "omnyama ngoLwesibili". Kwabe sekwenzekani nendlela yokugwema izinkinga ezifanayo esikhathini esizayo?

I dollar exchange rate - lokhu kubalulekile?

Ukuzinza lwemali kazwelonke izici zangaphandle macroeconomic, kanye zezombusazwe, isimo sezomnotho ezweni - usuvuthwe yayo. Ngisho penny at umehluko unganakile enkambweni kungabangela imiphumela engemihle ngebhajethi izwe, ingasaphathwa amathonsi omkhulu.

Nakuba iyehla iyenyuka elincane kuphela bebhange kanye zezomnotho uqaphele emakethe lwemali, kuyanda okusheshayo nokuwa akakwazi ukuba uziqaphele abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile. Futhi okuhlangenwe nakho okubonisa ukuthi ezimweni ezinjalo labantu ubuswa ukwethuka. Emzamweni ukuthengisa ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka desheveyuschuyu izimali zakwamanye amazwe noma okuphambene nalokho, ukuthenga lezimpahla ayindlala ngaphezulu, abantu nakakhulu senze isimo sishube. Black ngoLwesibili ngo-1994 wabonisa ukwesaba okukhulu nomphakathi. Zonke baphuthuma amahhovisi exchange namabhange, kunalokho aye lihuduleke kakhulu ukuba khona uhlelo wezwe wezimali baphoqa uhulumeni iphendukele izinyathelo kakhulu.

Umlando ruble uwela

Phakathi nenkathi emfushane ukwakheka Russian Federation njengoba uhulumeni omusha okwadingeka abhekane zinhlekelele eziningana zezimali ngisho okuzenzakalelayo. Black ngoLwesibili ngo-1994 - kuyinto isibonelo sasendulo esaziwa kakhulu, kodwa kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe kwamanye lwemali eziningana kazwelonke awe bhú phansi. Isikhathi sokuqala ukuphahlazeka ruble kwenzeka ekuqaleni kumiswa isimo ngo-1992. Ngaleso sikhathi e-Power khona isimo emangalisayo ezinzima zomnotho, okuyinto eye yaba nomthelela nakho esinjalo esidabukisayo Russia futhi bonke abakhileyo kulo. Ngokuvamile, ochwepheshe baye bathola ngalezi zikhathi ezilandelayo ezimbi:

• Septhemba 26, 1992. I-ruble elahlekile amayunithi 35.5 (izindleko zokuqala - ruble 205.5).
• Januwari 26, 1993. Entsha "ngoLwesibili abamnyama" iphutha ezinyangeni ezine kamuva futhi kuye kwaholela ukwehla kwentengo lwemali kazwelonke ruble 75 (okuningi njengoba 15%).
• Isimo esisha enganikanga isikhathi ezweni ukuze siphinde sithole - Februwari 2nd inkambo amavawusha yajikijela nyaka, ochwepheshe abaningi baye bakuthola kuzuzisa ukubamba abanye abantu e-apharathasi isimo. It wagomela ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi kwakungekho ukuwohloka ukukhanya ukulethwa abathintekayo.
• Okthoba 11, 1994. Izwe uhlushwa ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, indlala kanye eyinhlekelele Indinganiso low ephilayo, liye lakuthola esibi kakhulu omnyama ngoLwesibili.
• Ukulandela ngokuwa uhulumeni kulindile iminyaka 4. Ehlobo lika-1998, izimali zakwamanye amazwe kunyuke ngo-10%.
• iminyaka engu-10 kamuva, ngo-September 16, 2008, i-elibala inhlekelele yembulunga yonke kuye kwathinta Russia. Waqala avuselele umnotho kanye nezindlela amabhange azisebenzisayo, it is kahle lwahlolwa ukuze ngokuqina.
• Okwamuva okwamanje, kodwa akukho ebaluleke kancane Ukuwa azimele of the ruble ngo-2014 (16 December). Imiphumela yabo ibonakala wazizwa namuhla. Ukubuya izinga ukusebenza esidlule akunakwenzeka emagunyeni, naphezu kwezinkinga elalibhekene izibikezelo nasezithembisweni zakhe.

Black usuku ekhalendeni - wokugoqa noma ukuqala impilo entsha?

abezindaba Western awakholelwa Black Friday Okthoba 25, 1929. Lesi senzakalo saphawula ukuqala Yokuwohloka Okukhulu e-United States. Incredible Ukujula kwawo Inkinga Melika uye nje kuphela babe imbangela incithakalo noma ubumpofu kwezinye izingxenye labantu, kodwa futhi abangele yokujama tsi ezinzima emnothweni. Abantu empeleni bashiya yonke into, abangasebenzi nendlala sokucasuka abazibulalayo mass kobugebengu.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziphathimandla baphoqeleka ukuba athathe isinyathelo, sikwazile ukunqoba crisis eside futhi ezijulile futhi ukuletha izwe aphume kwasiza ekuxazululeni inkinga. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngaphandle izenzakalo edabukisayo United States ayikwazanga kuleyo minyaka ukuze athole imiphumela eziye zaba ezweni omunye wabaholi emhlabeni ngokweqile ekuphileni nenhlalakahle yezakhamuzi.

Kwenzekani ngo-October 11?

Black ngoLwesibili ngo-1994 ubhekwa izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu futhi ezinkulu emlandweni uhlelo lwezimali waseRussia. Ngalolo suku, October 11, 1994, icaphuna Ruble ukuhweba interbank wehla ngqo. Engazinzile futhi njalo desheveyuschaya lwemali kazwelonke ngosuku olulodwa nje wawa. I-ruble liqhathaniswa ne-dollar ishintshile kusuka 3081 kuya ruble 3926.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lesi senzakalo kwenzeka ngokuphazima kweso. Futhi ngokuzumayo nje isimo uhlaliseke, kanye ruble ngisho sasimthanda izikhundla eziningana ngokuziqhathanisa ngoLwesibili ill-fated. Ngokuvamile, uma kwenzeka izinhlekelele ezinjalo neziphathimandla basabela kuhle ababuthakathaka, izikhulu kukancane lapho kumele azibophezele kwenzekeni. Kodwa iqiniso lokuthi Black ngoLwesibili ngo-1994 kakhulu kwaba ukunganaki kanye Ukungenzi lutho abanye ababusi, ophoqelelwe uhulumeni ukuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala.

Armchairs ke badiyazelile ngaphansi eziningi: balahlekelwe yimisebenzi yabo inhloko Central Bank Viktor Gerashchenko kanye ke inhloko-Ministry of Finance Sergei Dubinin. Lesi senzo somusa phezu ingxenye kahulumeni kwakuminyene sekukhomba futhi kuyinkomba, sakhonza njengendlela yokuthola ekusiza izinkanuko abasafufusa emphakathini.

ubufakazi uchwepheshe

Ngokwalo mbiko olusemthethweni, olwethulwa ochwepheshe ezikhethekile ezivela emikhakheni yomnotho kanye ezezimali, isizathu ukuthi ruble liqhathaniswa ne-dollar wahlupheka ushintsho olukhulu kanjalo, ne kude hhayi ohlangothini engcono, kwaba nezenzo nabasebenzi uncoordinated esikhundleni kwezikhulu. Abaningi ngesikhathi ayeqiniseka ukuthi isimo Kuye kwahlelwa futhi lusekelwa ngamandla abathintekayo. Ngokwezinga elithile, lo mbono iqinisekisa ukuthi ngokushesha okukhulu ephethwe ngaphambi kokuba izinze. Kodwa imiphumela wokugoqa yokunqoba ngokushesha, maye, kuhlulekile.

I uvalo emphakathini

Okokuqala, ngo-1994 e-Russia, yebo, ngikhumbula black ngoLwesibili, kodwa wabuye waba eyingqopha futhi senguquko, lapho uhulumeni wakwazi ukubambezela kwamandla emali, sibonga isivumelwano phakathi abamele izinhlaka ezithile ezingukhiye kwezomnotho: yokusansimbi, amalahle, uwoyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni uye simisiwe amanani imikhiqizo yabo.

Ngemva kwezenzakalo-October 11, inethiwekhi lwezeMpilo Usizo kakhulu ephakanyiswe intengo izimpahla. Futhi nakuba izinga ngokushesha kwabuyela kumazinga, izindleko eziyisisekelo ukudla, izingubo zokugqoka nezinye izinto ezithandwayo kungukuthi lehla amazinga eyedlule. Esinye isici of ukukhathazeka emphakathini kwaba ukuze kukhawulwe lwemali ukuthengiselana kanye ukoma ukulawula nokusakazwa imali angaphandle ezweni lonke, okwaphumela njalo lwemali ukufunisela.

Goqa izinhlelo zamabhange

Umsuka we-Institute of ohlelweni Banking isiqala e nineties kuphela nje. Izinkampani ezinkulu zezimali onamafa eningi zisezincane ngokwanele. Singathini mayelana amabhange, ezithinta enkulu angaphandle exchange reserves zidaliwe. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa nje kokuwa kazwelonke lwemali lwenani zabantu baphelelwa ukuthembeka kwabo. Futhi isizathu salokhu ngokunembile black ngoLwesibili. I dollar Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi liye kubhekwe njengendlela yokuqala ukugcina ukonga siqu izakhamuzi eziningi.

Kulezi zikhathi ezinzima, lapho izinga ingahlalisekanga, labantu ivame ukuthenga emuva lwemali okuningi angaphandle ngangokunokwenzeka, okuyinto kwenzekeni ngo-1994. Lokhu ngeke sekubangele imiphumela eqondile ngesikhathi esifushane, futhi abe ithonya isikhathi eside. amabhange Abaningi baye isiphelile izinqolobane zabo, asikwazanga sikhokha izimali isithakazelo nesikhathi ukubuyela ayeyiboleke ngabanye. Nye of them fana waya ukuphelelwa yimali.

Ngayiphi lwemali ukugcina imali yabo?

Kusukela ezinsukwini 90s okusetshenziswe abantu uthemba zezimali angaphandle ngaphezulu. Eminyakeni yamuva, i-ruble wahlala sasivumela esitebeleni. Lutho presaged izinguquko ezinkulu kwezomnotho emkhakheni wezezimali, kodwa kusukela ekupheleni kuka-2014, i-ruble futhi ewaphula wonke antirecord. Isikhathi esifishane (iminyaka engaphezudlwana nje elilodwa nesigamu) walahlekelwa ezingaphezu kwesigamu inani layo. Njengoba abaningi ningukukhanya lezi zenzakalo umbuzo kanjani ukugcina imali kanye bashiya yonke into.

Abanolwazi wabathengi bezimali bayavuma ukuthi kule lutho emhlabeni uzinzile ngokuphelele futhi enokwethenjelwa. Foreign exchange rate lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi. Basuke belulekwa ukuba ugcine zonke izimali lwemali olulodwa. Kuhle ukuthenga ehlukile, kodwa kusukela uhlu esitebeleni kakhulu futhi ethembisa. Lokhu kuzosiza uma ungenawo wande umnotho, noma okungenani uyigcine.

Ingabe baseRussia insured ngokumelene imiphumela Ngokuwa ruble?

Ngeshwa, uLwesibili Omnyama aseRussia akwenzeki njalo, kodwa kaningi enviable. Njalo lwemali eMpumalanga ziye zaba ingxenye umlando zomlando wezwe. Futhi isikhathi ngasinye, iningi labantu uyahlabeka. Noma yimuphi buthakathaka ruble exchange rate umthelela ivuliwe inhlalakahle izakhamuzi, kuyilapho amabhange nezikhulu ukuphatha ukuze uthole zezigidi currency angaphandle ukuthengiselana.

Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, ibhange central evinces ukuzethemba ukuthi isimo lapho kuwa elilandelayo of the ruble ephethwe ekulinganiseni, kodwa kokuphikisa izimali zakwamanye amazwe ababoleka, kwamanani kanye phansi abalulekile zingxenye okungenani evikelwe sabantu Asisekeli lokhu sokulindela okuhle izikhulu.