Ukuziphatha okuphambene: izibonelo. Ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle kwentsha: izimbangela, amafomu, ukuvimbela

Ezweni lanamuhla, inkinga yokuziphatha okungahambi kahle iyinkimbinkimbi. Ukungalingani kwezomnotho, ukuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ukutholakala mahhala kolwazi, ukuthuthukiswa kwentando yeningi, kanye nezenzakalo zenhlalakahle ngokuvamile kubangela ukusabela okubi emvelweni osemusha. Intsha ihlubuka ekungabikho kokungabi nabulungisa, izimiso zokuziphatha ezisungulwe noma ezibekiwe. Ngokuvamile lo mbhikisho uqala ukuba yizimo eziyingozi kakhulu, okulimaza hhayi kuphela "intsha", kodwa wonke umphakathi.

Ukuphambene nemikhuba yokuziphatha

Imingcele yalokho okwakungavunyelwe yayikhulunywa isikhathi eside ngesintu ngesikhathi sokuthuthukiswa kwayo. Ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle, izibonelo zazo ezingabonwa kuzo zonke izigaba zomphakathi, ukuphambene nemikhuba, amasiko, amasiko namasiko avamile. Akuyona ejwayelekile, ayihambisani nokulindela kwezwe elizungezile noma iqembu labantu. Kuyacaca ukuthi akekho umphakathi omuhle kakhulu: ngokuvamile amalungu ayo enza okungafani nemithethonqubo, adlula imigodi, angafezi imisebenzi ebekiwe. Kodwa lokhu ukuphendula akunawo umbala onobudlova noma obhubhisayo, kunalokho, ugcwele izici zobuqili, ubuvila, ukuhaha kanye nezinye izici zobuntu bomuntu ngamunye. Umuntu onjalo, uma ezonakalisa yena kanye nabanye abantu, engabalulekile, ekulungiswa kalula.

Kuyinto into ehlukile - ukuziphatha okuphambene. Izibonelo ezivela empilweni zikhombisa ukuthi unomthelela omubi kunazo zonke hhayi kuphela ekuthuthukiseni kwengqondo nangokwenyama komuntu, kodwa futhi nokuzibandakanya kwayo. Futhi yikuphi okudabukisayo kakhulu, abanye abantu bangabhekana nakho. Ukuziphatha okukhohlisayo kunesiqondiso saso:

• Izinhloso zobugovu. Izenzo, inhloso yayo ukuthola izinzuzo ezibonakalayo: ukweba, ukuphanga, ukucabanga, ukweba, ukukhwabanisa.
• Ukubonakaliswa okubuhlungu. Lezi yizinyathelo eziqondiswe kumuntu ngamunye: ubudlova ngokobulili, ngokomzimba nokuziphatha.
• Ukuma kwezenhlalo-okungahambi kahle. Ukugwema impilo egcwele emphakathini, ukungabi nesithakazelo ezenzakalweni: i-vagrancy, ukudakwa, ukuzibulala.

Ukungahleleki kokuziphatha kungenziwa ngezigaba eziningana: kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokuphulwa (i-etiquette, ukuziphatha, umthetho); Ukugqugquzela (i-mercenary, i-aggressive, inxanxathela); Ummeli (ngabanye, iqembu labantu, inhlangano).

Izinhlobo zokuziphatha okungahambi kahle

Umonakalo ungahlukaniswa ngokomzimba waba ngamaqembu amabili okuphulwa. Ngamunye wabo uhlukile ngokweqile, ngoba emkhathini kukhona izinhloso eziphikisana kakhulu:

Isifo sengqondo, okungukuthi, ukutholakala kwesifo sokubeletha esitholile noma esitholakalayo. Inkinga yokuziphatha okungahambi kahle ivame ukubonwa kubantu abane-schizophrenia, asthenia, imbecile, oligophrenia kanye nezinye izinkinga zokuqaphela. Leli qembu lihlanganisa nabantu ngabanye abanomlingiswa ovelele, uma ezinye iziphambeko ekuziphatheni zisengaphansi kwesijwayelekile, kodwa cishe umngcele we-pathology. Abantu abanjalo bangabuye banikwe ukuxilongwa okuthile, kodwa ngokuvamile abayitholi ukwelashwa okudingekayo, ngoba bangaphila impilo ephelele ngaphandle kokuthola izici ezingqondweni zabo.

2. Ukuziphatha okuphikisana nomphakathi. Abantu abajwayele izenzo ezingalungile banempilo ngokwengqondo ngokuphelele. Ukuhlubuka abazibophezelayo kunezizathu eziningi ezihlukene: kusukela "okungekho lutho okumele kwenziwe" nokuzama ukuguqula zonke izisekelo zomphakathi ngenxa yokungabi nabulungisa kokusatshalaliswa kwengcebo kuyo. Uma amaphutha awenziwe lababantu angenzi okubi kakhulu ezweni elibazungezile, ukulungiswa kokuziphatha okuphambene kwenzeka ngokujeziswa ngokuhambisana nemigomo yomthetho wezabasebenzi noma yokuphatha. Amaphoyisa avame ukunikeza abasebenzi abahlukunyezwayo noma ukukhokha imali; Emabhizinisini, esikhungweni noma ehhovisi, abantu abanjalo basongelwa ngokusola, ukujeziswa noma ukuxoshwa. Uma ubugebengu bufanelekile njengecala lobugebengu, izigwegwe ezinzima zenziwa kumenzi wobugebengu, isibonelo, ukuboshwa noma ukuboshwa emgqeni othile.

Noma yikuphi ukuqala kokuziphatha okungahambi kahle, kunoma yikuphi, kufanele kumiswe, futhi kumuntu owenze iphutha, ukusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela, zokunakekela noma zokujezisa.

Ukuziphendulela

Kufanele kucatshangelwe ngokuningiliziwe, ngoba lesi sici sivame ukubonwa ngabasunguli eminyakeni edlule. Ukuziphendulela, njengokushiwo kakade, ukuphambana okuncane okuvela kumkhuba wokuziphatha. Kulesi simo, intsha iveza ngokucacile umlingiswa owodwa, kaningi okungalungile, okuba yinkinga ekukhulumisaneni nabanye. Isibonelo, angahlukumeza obala nabazali ngokucacile, wenqaba ukwenza umsebenzi wesikole, anganaki izicelo zabantu abadala, njalo njalo. Kungase kube nezizathu eziningana zalokhu: uhlelo oluyinkimbinkimbi yesikole, ubunzima besikhathi sesikhashana, ithonya lokukhulelwa. Uma ubangezela kuzo izinkinga zomuntu noma ukucindezeleka okuhlangenwe nakho ngezinkinga emndenini, khona-ke sithola okungokoqobo okweqile, silungele ukuphindisela kuwo wonke umuntu.

Kwenzeka ukuthi umbhikisho wengane awusizo kodwa ungenzi lutho. Lokhu kuphendula ngokuziphatha kubizwa ngokuthi ukucindezeleka, futhi izingane zakhe zifihliwe ngokucophelela kubantu abadala. Kungathuthuka ngenxa yeziphambeko ezingokomzimba ezibonakalayo izingane ezizibophezela ngazo ekufikeni. Futhi, okuthiwa i- locus yokulawula ingase ivele kumuntu osemusha lapho engenazizathu zokuzibophezela ngemithwalo ebalulekile noma embi. Lokhu nokuziphatha okungahambi kahle. Izibonelo zamagama zingaba okulandelayo: umuzwa wecala emva kokulahlekelwa othandekayo, ukufa kwesilwane noma ukugula okubi komngani omkhulu.

Izimbangela zokuziphatha okungahambi kahle

Ngokwengxenye, sesivele sabiqamba amagama. Izazi zezenhlalakahle zihlukanisa imithombo emithathu eyinhloko, ngenxa yokuthi ukuziphatha komphakathi kwentsha kudlulela ngaphezu kwemingcele yokuziphatha:

1. Ukungalingani kwezenhlalo. Ngalesi simo, ingane isesesikoleni samabanga aphansi: izingane ezifunda nabo zigqoka kangcono kunalokho, zinemali ephaketheni ngaphezulu nokunye. Omncane uzizwa njengomuntu ocelayo, ochotshoziwe. Akakwazi ukukhombisa ngokugcwele amandla akhe namakhono akhe ngenxa yokuntuleka kwengcebo. Ngisho ne-self-actualization ngezinye izikhathi kunzima, uma kungekho imali enokuthenga ngayo izincwadi, ama-atlases, ama-encyclopedias. Intombazane ithukuthela emhlabeni wonke, kodwa okokuqala - kubazali. Ngisho noma bezama konke okusemandleni abo, abahlukumezayo abaqondi ukuthi njalo izifiso zomuntu zihambisana nokukwazi kwakhe.
2. Isici sokuziphatha nokuziphatha. Kubonakala ekuthuthukiseni okuphansi komphakathi, ukunganaki kwesayensi nobuciko. Ingane ibona ukuwa kwabantu phakathi kwabantu: iningi labo, ngokwesibonelo, libheke umcimbi ojwayelekile wokuhweba emzimbeni nasemsebenzini, ukuphuza ngokweqile nokudayisa ubufebe.
3. Imvelo, umphakathi. Abamele abakugcina abagcini nje ngokungazinaki iziphukuphuku, kodwa ngokuvamile bawaphatha kahle. Namuhla, bazwela, bebeka icala lokukhulelwa futhi bahlala emindenini engasebenzi, futhi bakhohlwe ukuthi ubuntu bubunjwa kuqala hhayi ngabazali, kodwa ngumuntu ngokwakhe. Kukhona abantu abaningi abakhulela endaweni engalungile, kodwa bakwazi ukufundisa amandla angaphakathi nokuqina komoya, ngakho-ke bafinyelela eziphakathini ezithile ekuphileni futhi baba amalungu omphakathi avamile.

Ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle kubonakaliswe ukuntuleka okuphelele kwentsha yezimfanelo eziqinile noma ukuhlala kwabo esimweni "sokulala". Esikhundleni sokuzifundela, bakhetha umgwaqo ongcono, kodwa onobungozi obanikeza ukukhohlwa okukhohlisayo ngendlela yokudakwa ngokweqile noma ngokweqile noma ukuzithiba okubonakalayo, kubonakaliswe ngendlela yobudlova.

I-Typology

Izinhlobo zokuziphatha eziphikisana nendlela evamile yokuphila, ikhethiwe kanye nomholi wezenhlalo waseMelika uRobert King Merton, owaziwa ngezinkinga zakhe zokucwaninga. I-typology yakhe isekelwe emibonweni yokuphambuka njengengxabano phakathi kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha ezihlonishwayo nezindlela zokuzifinyelela:

1. Innovation. Abantu bamukela imigomo yomphakathi, bawaqonde, kepha balahle izindlela ezijwayelekile zokufeza (izifebe, abadali bamapiramidi wezezimali, abashayeli be-blackmail, ososayensi abakhulu).
2. Amasiko. Imigomo yomphakathi ayinaki, futhi indlela yokufeza ngayo ayinangqondo. Isibonelo, ungaletha i-bureaucrat, efuna ukugcwaliswa okuningiliziwe kwamakhulu ezinhlobo zamadokhumenti. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uyakhohlwa into esemqoka: kungani amaphepha asayinwe.
3. Ukuphindaphindiwe yizindiza kusuka eqinisweni. Lo muntu wenqaba imigomo futhi kuzo zonke izindlela zokuzifeza (umlutha wezidakamizwa, umuntu ongenamakhaya).
4. Ukuvukela. Ukulahla izimiso zokuziphatha, isifiso sokuzibuyisela, kufakwe esikhundleni se-advanced and progressive (revolutionary).

Izinhlobo zokuziphatha ngokusho kukaMerton zisitshengisa ukuthi akuzona njalo ukuphambuka okungalungile. Phela, ezenzweni zokuguqula akukho lutho olungalungile, uvele ezama ukudala izimo ezingcono zokuphila. Ngokuqondene nososayensi omkhulu, kubhekwa, kunalokho, umuntu ohlonishwayo futhi ohlonishwayo onokungavumelani okuncane noma okunamandla.

Ukuphuza utshwala nokudakwa kwezidakamizwa

Lezi zindlela ezimbili zokuziphatha okungahambi kahle phakathi kwentsha zivame kakhulu kunezinye. Ukuphuza ngokweqile - ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kweziphuzo eziphuza ngokweqile, okusongela impilo yabo engokwengqondo nengqondo, kubangela ukulutha ngokweqile, ukuthembela. Kunezizathu eziningi: izakhi zofuzo, i-congenital syndrome, izici zobuntu ngabanye, indawo engafanele, ilukuluku. Ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle, izibonelo zazo eziboniswa izingane zesikole eziphuza utshwala, kubangelwa izinga eliphansi lokuthuthukiswa, ukungabi nesidingo kweqembu, ukungavikeleki. Ukubamba ingane enkampanini eliyingozi futhi ngokushesha imsindise ethonyeni elibi lokuphuza utshwala, kuyadingeka ukuthola isisulu isifundo esithakazelisayo, kanye nabangane abavamile abazobonisa isibonelo sokuzimela ngokwezinye izindlela. Umphakathi uphinde waba nezinyathelo zomthetho zokuvimbela ukuxoshwa kwabantwana: ukuvinjelwa ekudayiseni abantu abadakayo abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-18, inzuzo kubazali ngokuvela kwendodana noma indodakazi yabo ekudakwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezinomsoco ezibhekwa utshwala kubhekwa njengubugebengu, okuyinto ejeziswa yizihloko zomthetho wokuphatha nezomthetho.

Isiyaluyalu kungenye ukuphambuka okujwayelekile. Kusho ukusetshenziselwa kokusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezidakayo ingqondo, okwenza ukwephulwa okujulile nokungaqondakali kwemisebenzi yengqondo nomzimba. Intsha ixhomeke emaphilisi, ama-injection nama-powders ngenxa yokunganaki emphakathini. Ngokuvamile ngosizo lwezidakamizwa, izingane ziziveza noma zicime ilukuluku labo. Isiyaluyalu kubo ngokuvamile kuvusa intsha ukuthi ithathe indlela yobugebengu ukuze izuze ngokungekho emthethweni imali yokuthenga i-potion. Izingane ezibanjwe ebugqilini obunjalo kufanele ziphathwe ezikhungweni ezikhethekile. Ngokuvamile akunakwenzeka ukuzonda izidakamizwa.

Ubufebe nobungqingili

Ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle, izibonelo zazo eziboniswa amantombazane enikeza izinsizakalo zobulili ngomholo noma ngaphandle kwawo, akuyona into engavamile. Isizathu esiyinhloko yisifiso sokuthola imali, sithuthukise isimo sakho sezimali ngokwakho, uma abazali bengakwazi ukunikeza yonke imizwa echazwe imfashini kanye nabezindaba "impilo enhle". Uma sengeza kulokhu izinga eliphansi lenkambiso yabantwana kanye nokuziphatha okubi kwezenhlalakahle, ukungabi nabuhlungu emndenini nokukhathazeka kwabantu abadala, indlela eya ephaneli iba uhlobo lwensindiso yengane, ithuba lokubalekela ezinkingeni kanye nokuhlukunyezwa kwekusasa. Ukunciphisa izinga lobufebe phakathi kwabancane, kunconywa ukuba kuthuthukiswe izinhlelo ezikhethekile zokufundisa ngezocansi, ukulinganisa ukungalingani kwezenhlalo, nokwandisa isiko labantu.

Ngokuqondene nobungqingili, ezimweni eziningi kuyisimo esingenasisekelo. Lapho ethola ukuthi akafani nabantu bonke, intsha iwela ekucindezelekeni, iqala ukuthatha izidakamizwa eziningi neziphuzo ezidakayo, ihlushwa izinzwa nezinkinga ezingqondweni. Lo mncane udinga usizo lobuchwepheshe oluvela kuchwepheshe. Kodwa-ke, uma ehileleke ekuqambiseni ubungqingili ngokukhohlisa noma ukuphoqelela, abantu abanobugebengu babhekene nokuboshwa. Ngendlela, ukuguquka ngokocansi nakho ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle. Izibonelo ezivela ekuphileni zibonisa ukuthi intsha iqala ukuthakazelisa ku-sadomasochism, ukusondelana kweqembu nezinye izinto ezingavamile.

Ukuzibulala nokuhlukumezeka

Inhloso yokuzincisha impilo noma ukuzama ukusongela abanye ngale ndlela futhi isici sokuziphatha okungahambi kahle. Isikhathi esiyingozi kunazo zonke kubantu abasha sineminyaka engu-16-19 ubudala: ngalesi sikhathi, ukudumazeka kuvame ukuvela ngothando olungenakuqala, ukungakwazi ukuthola umsebenzi noma ukuqhubeka nemfundo. Isimo sezenhlalakahle, ukuphikisana nomphakathi nokucindezeleka nakho kunamandla okuzibulala. Kubantu abanokuthambekela kokuzibulala, bahlele ukwelulekwa kwengqondo kanye nezinsiza zokusiza. Umsebenzi obalulekile kanye nokuvimbela: ukukhuliswa kwengane ngethemba elijabulisayo, ukubonisa ngesibonelo sakhe, ukuthi impilo ihle kakhulu, futhi imivimbo emnyama, etholakala cishe yiwo wonke umuntu, ingenise ezihlukahlukene kuphela kanye ne-tart zest.

Iziphambeko zihlobo lokuziphatha okungahambisani nomphakathi okuqondiswa izakhamizi, umphakathi, nendlela yokuphila. Ukugqugquzelwa kwabasakhulayo kuhlukile: kuqala ngokuhlukumezeka okujwayelekile nokuphela kokuhlukunyezwa okungaxhunyiwe. Ukuze kuvikelwe isizukulwane esakhulayo esithonyweni sezwe lobugebengu, kubalulekile ukuqhuba izifundo ezikoleni ngezihloko ezifanele. Abazali, ngenxa yabo, banesibopho sokuchaza ukuthi akuvumelekile ukuphulwa komthetho - ukwenza okubi noma ukulimaza abanye - nokuziphatha okungahambi kahle kujeziswa kunoma yikuphi.

Usizo

Singakhipha kanjani izingane ezisuka kuleso sikhosi sakwa-asocial lapho sithunjwa khona? Izazi zezenhlalo zithi: Okokuqala, uhlelo olukhethekile lombuso luzosiza. Ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle kwezingane kufanele kuthathwe ngaphansi kokulawula, lokhu kuwumsebenzi wezochwepheshe. Futhi, izimo ezithandekayo kufanele zenziwe ukuvula izikhungo zokuvuselela iziqondiso ezihlukahlukene, lapho ochwepheshe abanolwazi abangasindisa abantu abasha emilonyeni eyingozi, baqondise amandla abo esiteshini esikhiqizayo nesisebenzayo emphakathini.

Okwesibili, imigqa eshisayo esebenza edolobheni ngalinye, izinombolo zocingo zomhlaba wonke kanye nokubonisana komndeni wezifundazwe kuzoba usizo.

Okwesithathu, ukutadisha indawo yokuzijwayeza kwezingane ezisencane akumele kumelele usuku. Ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle kwezingane zesikole kudinga ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo, okuphoqelekile ukuthi kwenzeke ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele nezinhloli zezindaba zezingane, odokotela, amapolisi, abameli beziphathimandla zokuqapha. Uma kunesidingo, lezi zingane kumele zisuswe emndenini uma isizathu sokuphambuka kungumthelela wabazali.

Ukuvimbela ukuziphatha okungahambi kahle

Ngalesi sizathu, izinyathelo ezilandelayo zenzelwe ochwepheshe:

1. Ukuqhuba izinhlelo zokufundisa nezentuthuko, izifundo ezikoleni. Imfundo ihlose ukufundisa intsha futhi ivuselele ukuguquka okuqhubekayo kwezidakamizwa, utshwala, njll.

2. Inkulumo yezemidlalo nokuphila okunempilo. Ukuvimbela ukukhangisa kwemikhiqizo yegwayi nemimoya.

3. Inhlangano yezokuzilibazisa ezithakazelisayo nezenjabulo yabantu abasha. Ukusebenza nezingane zokuziphatha okuphambene kudinga ukuthuthukiswa kwesimo sokuchitha isikhathi esingahambisana nemikhuba yansuku zonke nemikhuba yefashini.

4. Nakekela ukuphepha kwezinto ezinganeni.

Ukuvimbela ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe kufanele amboze zonke izingxenye zomphakathi, ngaphandle kokubheka isimo sabo emphakathini wabo, inkolo, imfundo ezingeni nezinye izinto. Umsebenzi main - nokuzakhela ubuhlobo ukwethembana phakathi oweve eshumini nambili futhi abazali bakhe. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho singaqiniseka ukuthi uma izinkinga umfundi ukudinga unina noma uyise, kodwa hhayi abangane ngabazeka.

kobungane nobudlelwane emkhayeni - isiqinisekiso sokuthi awusoze uhlangabezana ukuziphatha nemikhuba ehlanekezelwe ka indodana noma indodakazi yakho. Nakekela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo ngeke kukhona izinkinga, udinga esemncane kakhulu. Nakani Daze yakho: amnike uthando, lingafungi phambi kwakhe, ukhuluma nengane ngezihloko ezihlukahlukene, azizwe ngendlela ababezizwa ngayo nemizwelo, ulalele indlalifa, ulalele umbono wakhe. Iba ingane ngoba umngane omuhle, abaqotho futhi enokwethenjelwa.