Ukuthuthukiswa kwezamabhizinisi kwaba kanjani eRussia?

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezamabhizinisi eRussia kwaqala kusukela ngo-1864 kuya ku-1917, lapho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziphathimandla kanye nezinqumo zabo, inani elikhulayo lamafektri nama-manufactories avuliwe, lapho izigidi zabantu zisebenza khona. Kwakukhona phakathi nalesi sikhathi lapho kuvela khona abantu abahlala emaphandleni abavela emaphandleni kuya emzini. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwakunokulinganisela, hhayi ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi. Inombolo yamabhizinisi asetshenziselwa umsebenzi ongasebenzi, ongenamakhono emisebenzini yawo yanda, kodwa ngenxa yomsebenzi oqhubekayo, babenenzuzo enkulu.

Maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, kwacaca ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi laseRussia, ngaleso sikhathi okwamanje i-USSR, bekusezandleni zombuso. Ngokungafani ne-England, i-Soviet, bese kuyi-Russian, uhulumeni wazama ukuthatha izinsolo zamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi . Ukulawulwa okunjalo ngokweqile kwaholela enhlanganweni yezinkampani ezinkulu - izikhulu zakwa-monopolists, abangazange banikeze ithuba lokuhlala emafenjini amancane angasese. Ngokushintshwa komnotho wemakethe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lama-20, ukuthuthukiswa kwezamabhizinisi eRussia kwathola inkululeko esemthethweni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uhulumeni uyeke ukuphazanyisa ekuziphatheni kwebhizinisi langasese, kunokuba isimo asizange senze lula kakhulu. Ukuze ukuthuthukiswa kwezamabhizinisi eRussia kwenzeke ngokuphumelelayo, kwakudingeka ukudala izimo lapho kuyoba khona ukuncintisana okunempilo, kwakungekho intela eyengeziwe, kwakhiwa isisekelo somthetho.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi, ngokungafani nebhizinisi elikhulu, ukuthuthukiswa komuntu ngamunye Ibhizinisi eRussia linomlando oneminyaka eminyaka. Ukuqala kwalo kungabonakala ngesikhathi sokuvela kwabadayisi. Eqinisweni, bekungaba ngabomabhizinisi bokuqala . Zaba udumo emhlabeni wonke, zenza amadolobha afana ne-Novgorod, i-Pskov, i-Kiev nezinye izikhungo zokuhweba nezokusebenza. Umsebenzi osebenzayo wezomnotho wabathengisi wabangela ukuthi lezi zemizi zikwazi ukuphikisana nenhloko ngokuphathelene nengcebo yabo.

Ukuqedwa kwe-serfdom kwaba ukuqala komabhizinisi ngabanye emkhakheni wezolimo, lapho abalimi beqala ukuthengisa emikhiqizweni yabo imikhiqizo yabo. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, osomabhizinisi abazimele bathola ibhonasi ethile ngendlela yokulungisa amanani okudla nokusizwa kuhulumeni. Eqinisweni, ngaleso sikhathi, ukuhweba kwangasese kwakulawulwa ukudayiswa, futhi ukudayiswa kwezimpahla ezijwayelekile kwakungaphansi kwezingxenye zikahulumeni. I-NEP yaba yizikhathi zezikhathi zamaKhomanisi, lapho ukuthuthukiswa kwezamabhizinisi eRussia sekuma amashumi eminyaka ambalwa. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uhlelo lwamaKommunist alugcini nje ngokufaka lolu hlu lwasemnothweni, kodwa futhi lwafaka emqondweni wabantu umbono wokuthi ukuhlela ibhizinisi labo futhi baphile kangcono kunokunye okuhlazozayo hhayi ngendlela yeSoviet. Lokhu kwashukumisela iRussia ngokuthuthukiswa kwezomnotho eYurophu noma eMelika emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule, ngakho-ke, lapho izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zebhizinisi elihlangene livunyelwe ekuqaleni kwawo-1990, abantu babengakulungeli, ngokuziphatha noma ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo.

Ukuqaphela ukuthi akuyona into ehlazo ukuphuma phakathi kwabanye futhi baphile kangcono ngokubambisana nebhizinisi lethu kuye kwafika eRussia maduzane. Kuze kube manje, isifiso sokuzikhandla, ukwakha ibhizinisi labo siqu kubonakala kubantu abaningi, kodwa hhayi ukwakheka kwesakhiwo samabhizinisi amancane naphakathi kwamabhizinisi kubhubhisa imisebenzi emihle ngqo empandeni. Ukuzama ukukhulisa imbewu ye-Western inhlabathi yaseRussia ngokuvamile kubangele ukuhluleka, ngoba iRussia inguqobo futhi izici zayo akufanele zicatshangelwe kuphela, kodwa kufanele zisekelwe kuzo, zenze uhlelo oluthile lwezenzo.