Ukuphepha uma ukukhiqizwa luhlobo futhi imishini

izimoto zokuphepha kwenzeka nezinye amayunithi eziyinkimbinkimbi kwakhiwa ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana yabo nezinhlinzeko iziqondiso. Ngu inqubo ezilandelwayo idokhumenti kumelwe ahlangabezane nezimfuneko ezithile. Cabangela eminye, njengoba kwenziwe ukuthuthukiswa.

Icala ukuphepha: ulwazi olujwayelekile

Le dokhumenti iqukethe ingozi ukuhlaziywa kanye nokwaziswa kusukela design, izenzo zokusebenza. Bambekela ubuncane izinyathelo ezidingekayo ezokuphepha ngoba imishini noma imishini kuzo zonke izigaba umjikelezo wokuphila. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we is kwahambisana by imiphumela yokuhlolela ubungozi at esiteji tekusebenta emva ukulungisa. Ukuqondanisa ukuphepha of enobungozi izindawo zokukhiqiza senziwa umklami. Lo mbhalo ukhonza njengomdala iyingxenye ebalulekile isixha amaphepha ku umkhiqizo. Isetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukuphepha imikhiqizo kuzo zonke izigaba zokuphila yayo umjikelezo.

phambi ikhasi

iziqondiso Technical, evunywe Isinqumo Uhulumeni № 753 ka 15.09.2009, ubeka izidingo zokubhalisa idokhumenti. Ikakhulukazi, ekhaveni ikhasi, engxenyeni kwesokunxele ikhodi into ngokuhambisana somhleli kaZwelonke. Ngezansi:

1. Begomela isignesha.
2. igama lomkhiqizo (kuboniswe ngosonhlamvukazi).
3. Igama idokhumenti: "Case Ukuphepha".
4. Isikhundla Mthetho.
5. Amasignisha compilers.

Amathebula, imidwebo imidwebo, sibonakalisa amaphuzu ngazinye idokhumenti, baqhubeka A0-A4 amashidi. Ungasebenzisa Amakhasi ezahlukene obujwayelekile ngokuhambisana ESKD.

ukuqokwa

It inikezwa umsunguli ngokuhambisana GOST 2,201. Ivunyelwe ukusebenzisa uhlelo eyamukelwa ngaphambili ukwethulwa wathi isimo ejwayelekile. Ngakho Kunconywa ngokuvumelana ESKD izidingo ifomu ikhodi isiqu ngokungeza igama design eziyisisekelo idokhumenti, lapho icala ukuphepha imiswe. Isibonelo notation okucacisiwe futha plunger - Mo 200-00-000. Ngakho, idokhumenti izobizwa ngokuthi PN 200-00-000 ON.

okuqukethwe

Izigaba ezakha icala ukuphepha (enobungozi ukukhiqizwa izindawo kanye), zingase zimiswe e idokhumenti olulodwa noma imiqulu ahlukene kuya ngevolumu. Ngemva nokuthuma amayunithi oqotsheni kufanele ibonise ukuthi isimo sabo sangempela futhi ikhumbule zonke izinguquko ezenziwe kule phrojekthi. Ukwakheka izigaba, kanye nokuqukethwe zabo, kuye ngohlobo kanye nenhloso kulungiselelwa inquma yesakhi ngokuvumelana nezici imikhiqizo. Uma kudingekile, KUSEKELA zokuphepha zezimboni kungenziwa kulekelelwa izinto ezengeziwe.

Futhi-ke kuvumela baxoshwe umbhalo izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, kanye ukuhlanganisa eziningana nabo zibe munye. Icala ukuphepha kufanele uzilungiselele ngendlela ezifana ukuvimbela isidingo sokucwaninga ngokwengeziwe ukusebenza, umklamo kanye ne-engineering amaphepha. Isigaba kufanele khona lemali efanele. It is kabanzi kuze kube sezingeni lokuba kuyadingeka ukuze asekele nokuvikeleka izixazululo zenhlangano kanye nezinye. Kulokhu, ulwazi nezimfuneko akufanele abe umlingisi declarative.

Umhlanganisi ihlinzeka ukuqaliswa olubhaliwe izinyathelo kufakwe icala ukuphepha. Imishini kumele kuchazwe ngokuhambisana imibhalo elihambisana nalesi sihloko. Kulokhu, kubhekiselwa kubo nge inkomba labalobi, inhlangano yesakhi, uhlobo, unyaka enza, noma inombolo kamazisi lephepha ngamunye ezigciniwe.

amaphuzu abalulekile

Ukwenza kunjalo ukuphepha, ukugwema ukuphindaphinda kolwazi. Kunconywa ukuba izinkomba izigaba ezifanele noma izigaba ukuvimbela nesenzakalo yabo. Ulwazi mayelana nokusebenza izibalo, cwaningo ngeke obuqinisekisa ukusebenza izinyathelo ezihlose ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Substantiation kumele siqukathe imibono, izifunda, imiphumela, idatha yoqobo nokuchazwa nabo iziphetho. Ivunyelwe ucacise izixhumanisi imibhalo lapho lezi nemingcele abakhona.

isingeniso

Kufanele aqukethe ulwazi mayelana igama imishini, injongo yayo, ububanzi nemibandela yokusetshenziswa. Ukwethulwa ngeke aqukethe ulwazi mayelana KU yesakhi, amadokhumenti ukufakazela iziqu zabo. Lesi sakamuva, ikakhulukati, emakhophini amalayisensi. Lolu cwaningo ukuphepha ifakiwe isifinyezo sezinto ucwaningo nentuthuko kanye ucwaningo lwesayensi.

amapharamitha Key

Ngokuhambisana nemithetho amiswa yi iziqondiso lobuchwepheshe, engxenyeni yokuqala ku yilezi:

1. I izici eyinhloko ukufaka. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, zihlanganisa imodeli, wenze, bheka.
2. Imifanekiso amayunithi nge Ubukhulu ukufakwa, jikelele, yokuxhuma. Uma kudingeka, imidvwebo kanye nemidwebo exhumene, engabe ibekwe ku esenezelwe le dokhumenti.
3. incazelo ephelele.

ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kumele kunqanyulwe izitshalo, okuyinto emva kwesikhathi esithile isikhathi singaba usongo empilweni / impilo yezakhamuzi, uhlobo lwanoma yiliphi ukulimala kwempahla, setha babelwe isisetshenziswa, ukusebenza kanye isitoreji isikhathi, ekugcineni. Kulokhu, ngeke kube nankinga isimo langempela lokubolekwa.

Software Ukuphepha: imigomo ejwayelekile

Basuke ezisohlwini kwesigaba wesibili. Icala ukuphepha kufanele zifake phakathi isitatimende se-Izimiso ezikuleli ekuklanyweni kwezakhiwo at esigabeni design nokukhiqizwa kwezinto. Kulokhu, ukhombise ukuhambisana yabo noma imiphumela izibalo, izivivinyo, inikeza izitifiketi izingxenye, njll Lolu lwazi kufanele ahlinzeke isiqinisekiso ocacile .:

1. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa amalungiselelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuphepha yekwentiwa kanye nezemvelo.
2. Ukuhlaziya kungenzeka izinsongo engenzeki nesipiliyoni nontanga.
3. I-Akhawunti ye ingozi ngcono kulo mkhankaso.
4. Implementation izimiso Ergonomics.
5. Ikhumbula imikhawulo eyayifunwa opharetha isicelo kwezinto zokugqoka noma ukumboza.
6. Ukuqalisa imigomo ukusetshenziswa izinto, izinto zokwakha kanye izinto zokusetshenziswa ukuthi musa ziyingozi empilweni / ezempilo, impahla izakhamuzi, kanye nemvelo.
7. Ukusungulwa ezingeni ezanele futhi kudingekile ngokuthembeka yesifunda.
8. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa izimiso kungagcini Ukungenela komuntu ekusebenzeni ukufakwa. Uma-ke asikwazi ukukubalekela, ukuxhumana amayunithi kufanele kube belondekile ngangokunokwenzeka.

izidingo Ukuthembeka

Lesi sigaba sinikeza uhla nokubaluleka imingcele ngekulandzelana elandelayo:

1. Inxanxathela noma umuntu ukusebenza maintainability nokwethembeka.
2. Ukuvikeleka.
3. Nenkumbulo enhle.

Kuchaza futhi kunqanda noma izimfuneko on the izindlela zokusebenza kanye nomklamo ukuqinisekisa nokwethenjelwa. Uma kudingekile, cabangela abheke ukuthi kungenzeka yabo kwezomnotho.

Isimo sokunquma ukufaka ukwehluleka

definition yabo kufanele ucace futhi icacile. Kufanele banikele kalula iphutha nokubonwa kuhlolwe ngamehlo noma ngokusebenzisa imishini uphethwe. ukuhluleka nenqubo zavela ngenxa ukuqonda okuyingqayizivele wemihlangano isimo ngokumisa izidingo ukusebenza nokwethembeka. Njengoba izimpawu ejwayelekile kungaba:

1. Ukupheliswa ukuphoqelelwa kulungiselelwa imisebenzi ebekiwe, amandla nokuncishiswa, ukusebenza, ukuzwela, njll Of ububanzi.
2. Ukuhlanekezela ulwazi okukhiphayo imikhiqizo abakhona lichaza ekwakheni amadivayisi ayi- elekhthroniki.
3. Izimpawu ekhombisa ukuqala noma isizinda ukwehluleka. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, singasho sithi engqongqoza, umsindo, okweqile, vibration, kwemihlambi zamakhemikhali, kanjalonjalo.

izimfuneko abasebenzi / abasebenzisi

Kulesi sigaba imithetho ebekiwe zokuziphatha abasebenzi, labafanelekako ngemibandela izici isimo psychophysiological nokunye. Iphinde kuchazwe kwesiyingi abantu abangamaHimba abasebenzi abathintekayo ekuqhutshweni imishini. Ekusunguleni izimfuneko okumelwe kubhekwe:

1. Izinga ukuqeqeshwa kanye neziqu, ivolumu yolwazi theory kanye nekhono uzisebenzise umkhuba.
2. izimfanelo kwenqondo.
3. Ulwazi imihlahlandlela nemigomo elawula mkhakha.
4. Impilo.
5. yobudala imikhawulo.

ukuhlaziya

Ukuqhuba umkhakha ubuchwepheshe wenziwa ikhumbula izinhlinzeko zoMthetho GOST. Uhlaziyo kuhlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

1. Ukukhomba izinsongo.
2. Ukuhlolela ubungozi.
3. Kwakha izincomo ukunciphisa amathuba usongo.

Ngo inqubo yokukhetha indlela ukuhlaziywa kufanele bacabangele imigomo nezinjongo, ubunkimbinkimbi bezinto, ukutholakala ochwepheshe oqeqeshwe ngokwanele, kanye ukuphelela idatha enikeziwe.

Ukuhlonza usongo

Njengoba imisebenzi yayo esemqoka wenza ukuhlonza kanye nencazelo yonke imithombo ayingozi, kanye zimo ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. Inqubo design ikhomba izinhlobo kungenzeka izinsongo kuzo zonke izigaba umjikelezo wokuphila. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha:

• Mechanical.
• Ugesi.
• Heat.
• Fire.
• Umkhakha.
• Kushisa bhé kule ndawo futhi Nuclear.
• Explosion nokunye.

Ukukhomba imiphumela:

1. Uhla izenzakalo engathandeki.
2. Incazelo wemithombo engcupheni, kanye nemibandela ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa zimo.
3. Olwandulelayo usongo ukuhlolwa.
4. Kutfutfukiswa izincomo ukunciphisa amathuba ezingozi.

Ukuhlolela ubungozi

Njengoba imisebenzi zako ezisemqoka ezisetshenzisiwe:

1. Icacisa ukuvama Ukuqalwa nezinye izigigaba ezingezinhle.
2. Ukuhlaziya umthelela izinsongo.
3. Nje okungaqondile ilinganisela.

Izimfuneko ukubhalisa

Imiphumela yokuhlaziya kufanele walungisiswa futhi kuchazwe ukuze izibalo wenziwa kanye iziphetho isuselwe kuye angase okuphindaphindiwe ihlolwe ngochwepheshe abangabulawanga ehilelekile nokuhlolwa kokuqala. Isigaba kufanele kubonise:

1. Uhlu lomculo. Kulokhu, unikezwa igama izikhundla zabo, degrees zezemfundo. Wabonisa kanye Igama lenhlangano.
2. Isichasiselo.
3. Okuqukethwe.
4. Izinhloso kanye umsebenzi ukuhlaziywa.
5. Izimpawu into yokuhlola.
6. Indlela Yokwenza sokuhlaziya, izingqinamba kokuqala nekucabangela ngaphansi lapho umsebenzi wenziwa.
7. Incazelo ezisetshenzisiwe imodeli kokuhlaziywa yengozi, inkolelo ukusetshenziswa yabo.
8. Imiphumela ukuhlonza izinsongo.
9. Ukungaqiniseki ukuhlaziywa.
10. Nje okungaqondile ilinganisela.
11. Izincomo ukunciphisa amathuba engozi.
12. Isiphetho.

Izinyathelo zokunciphisa amathuba ezingozi

Basuke akhethiwe kuncike ukuhlaziywa ezikhonjwe izinsongo. Phakathi kwezinyathelo kungenziwa Kucatshangwa:

1. Design izinguquko.
2. Engeziwe ukukhanyisa amayunithi.
3. Ukuzinza kanye nokuphepha amayunithi ezipakishiwe.
4. Ukuthembeka nohlelo lokuphatha zonke izindlela wokusebenza ngaphansi zonke izenzo zangaphandle ngokunqaba imibhalo tekusebenta.

I-OB kungase kuhlanganise neminye izinyathelo. Ikakhulukazi, idokhumenti uchaza imisebenzi okuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela ulwazi kwabasebenzi nabo imishini, kusho eziphuthumayo stop amayunithi, izindlela nokugcinwa nokulungiswa.