Ukuphefumula - lena inqubo ukuphila

Ukuphefumula - kuyinto eziyinkimbinkimbi multistage inqubo bokuphila ngokuyisisekelo liqukethe ukumuncwa oksijini evela imvelo ngokubamba iqhaza kwalo okwalandela eyingozi redox.

Nokho, kuyinto esingokwemvelo hhayi kuphela izilwane ephakeme, kodwa ngenxa yazo zonke izinto eziphilayo-aerobic, kuhlanganise unicellular ngakhoke singasho ukuthi lena indlela yabo eyinhloko ngokukhiqiza ephezulu amandla compounds. Kwakheka ku inqubo ukuphefumula amandla edliwe izidingo eziningi ngaphezulu umzimba. Zilinganiselwa ku-20% e-oxygen wadla ingqondo, ngoba lokufeza ngesivinini pulses wachitha eziningi substrates. Umuntu ukuphefumula kwenzeka ngezigaba ezimbili ezinkulu: ukuphefumula zangaphandle (lokhu inqubo negesi lokushintshisana phakathi kwezindonga alveoli futhi capillary yamaphaphu) kanye yangaphakathi - okwengeziwe ukuthwala umoya-mpilo kuzo zonke kwamangqamuzana nezicubu.

Breathing emangqamuzaneni

Nokho, okokuqala kuwumphumela kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba, kodwa kwezimila yeselula - sale nqubo amazinga ezinto-athomu ukuthi umoya-mpilo iyadingeka ukuze iketango electron ezokuthutha kanye nokuqedwa icala engakhi O2 namanzi bese bakha compounds ephezulu amandla. Futhi, ngoba ukugeleza okuqhubekayo kwalezi ukusabela zidinga amaprotheni ezikhethekile kanye proton abanikelayo. Breathing eziphilayo ephakeme nokuphefumula kwezimila izinqubo zomzimba, kulinganiswa nge micrometer, zihluke ngokuphelele. Ngakho, ama-bacterium zingafani 3 izinhlobo ubuhlobo kunomoya-mpilo. aerobes okuqinile-mpilo yamangqamuzana eyatholakala ngokuqondile: esihlobene ukusetshenziswa umoya-mpilo (carbon dioxide, isibabule oxide ne-al.), Yamamolekhula ebulalayo okufanayo kubo. uhlobo okuxubile ukuphefumula ngesikhathi amagciwane facultative kuhilela ukusetshenziswa kokubili umoya-mpilo lesibopho futhi yamangqamuzana kuye ngokuthi izimo.

Izindlela zika kwezimila womuntu

Ngakho, emishinini yokuphefumula yangaphandle - inqubo yenziwa ngu isakhiwo yomoya futhi imisipha thorax kanye diaphragm, lapho ingcindezi emaphashini amathonsi, amagesi athile ayathinteka ngaphakathi. Umoya - inqubo reverse lapho emoyeni (ikakhulukazi isikhutha) kwelula olubonakalayo. Ngokuvamile le umgudu igesi ukugeleza kuyinto laminar, isb parallel ezindongeni bronchi kanye uma kwenzeka izithiyo (obturation into angaphandle, ukunqwabelana isikhwehlela) kubangele eddies zeziyaluyalu. Igazi-mpilo saturation kwenzeka emaphashini whereupon it ngaphansi anomoya-mpilo adluliselwe ngokusebenzisa capillary uya ezitsheni ezinkulu futhi ekugcineni engena inhliziyo. Kusukela lapho-ke uyaqhubeka elikuyi-aorta bese engena kwegazi.

zokugula

Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi ukuphefumula nokushaya komoya. Okwesibili - lena inqubo yokunciphisa imisipha intercostal nesifuba ezijulile ukushintsha lingakanani, ukungena komoya we kuqhoqhoqho kanye bronchi kuya-alveoli. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, umoya - le nqubo akuyona kancane esebenzayo, kodwa exchange igesi ezingeni alveolar-capillary. Ubangela ukupholisa abampofu kungase kube izifo nge zokuphefumula ipheshana izilonda, esifubeni ukusonteka, ukuvimbela noma izivimbelo (emphysema, isifuba somoya, ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula), scleroderma letindzala. Massive ukupholisa yamaphaphu kungenzeka ngenxa yezimo sokugembula: Ukutheleleka, isenzo kwemithi izidakamizwa, isimo overexcitation, ukuzikhandla okusezingeni eliphezulu ngokomzimba.