Ukumamatheka kuyigugu ngaphezu kwengcebo: umqondo oyinhloko we-fable "Indlela umlimi owakhipha ngayo itshe"

Uhlelo lokufunda lwesikole samabanga aphansi lubonisa ukuthi izingane ezinefomu lesi-4 zijwayele ukuqonda umsebenzi kaLeo Leo Tolstoy, zicabange ngezenzo zomuntu zamaqhawe e-fable "Ama-Comrades amabili" futhi ubheke impendulo yombuzo mayelana nokuthi yiyiphi umqondo oyinhloko wefable "Indlela abalimi abasuse ngayo itshe". Lezi zincwadi zincane kakhulu, kodwa ziqukethe okuqukethwe okujulile, zifundisa izingane ukuthi zicabange ngendlela yokwenza kahle.

Ukuziphatha kwalokhu fable kanje

Kungani izinkolelo zifundwa? Kuyini? Isichazamazwi esichazayo SI. U-Ozhegova uchaza ukuthi i-fables "yindaba emfushane yokuziphatha elandelwayo." Ukuzijwayeza lolu hlobo, izingane zifunda ukuqonda izici zayo, okuyinhloko yazo ukuthi kukhona ukuziphatha. Kuyini futhi kusho ukuthini leli gama?

I-fables ayihlekisi nje kuphela ukwehluleka kanye nemikhuba, kodwa futhi yenza kube yimfuneko ukudweba uhlobo oluthile lwesiphetho esifundisayo mayelana nokuthi umuntu kufanele (noma angafanele) enze kanjani. Indaba mayelana neminye imithetho yokuziphatha noma yokuxhumana, imiyalelo yomlobi yakha ukuziphatha. Isibonelo, abantwana bekilasi le-4 ekufuneni ukuziphatha kufanele baphendule umbuzo mayelana nokuthi yiqiniso lendabuko kaTolstoy yilelo "Indlela abalimi abasuse ngayo itshe" noma "Abafana ababili".

Izici zezinhlobo ezithembekile

I-fables ingabonwa hhayi nje ngokuba khona kokuziphatha, nayo inezinye izici ezihlukile. Lokhu njalo indaba emfushane, indaba ejabulisayo. Umbhali uphumelela ngendlela elula yokuveza indaba ejulile efundisayo. Isibonelo, izenzakalo ngokwabo kanye nomqondo oyinhloko kaTolstoy "Ukuthi umlimi wasusa kanjani itshe" kuboniswa ngemisho eyisishiyagalombili kuphela. Umthamo omncane wenza umsebenzi ufinyeleleke kubantwana, bafunde, bahlaziye futhi babuyisele. UTolstoy usebenzisa uhlobo lwefriji yokuveza imibono yakhe, ukuziphatha akubonakaliswa izimfundiso zokukhonkolo, kodwa ngokungafani. Umfundi kufanele azenzele isiphetho.

Kunezincazelo ezimbalwa kanye nezingxoxo eziningi ezinganekwane. Yile ndlela "ubungqabavu" besimo kufezwa ngayo. Umqondo oyinhloko we-fable "Indlela umuntu asuswe ngayo itshe" lihlelwe ezitatimendeni ezintathu zabantu abahlukene ngendaba efanayo. I-heroes ngayinye yanikeza impendulo ukuthi ibheka ukuthi iyadingeka, futhi isiphetho sasikisela umfundi umbhali emshweni wokugcina.

Ethempelini ngokuvamile kukhona amaqhawe amaningana, ngalinye eliphethe umthwalo othile we-semantic. Ngenye yezinganekwane zebanga lesine ezifundwe, zingama-comrades amabili, kwezinye izosayensi ezimbili kanye nomlimi owodwa olula. Ukuziphatha noma isitatimende samanye amaqhawe ngokuvamile ukuveza umqondo oyinhloko. Izinganekwane zeTolstoy "Indlela indoda eyasusa ngayo itshe" nelithi "Amakhoradi amabili" - isibonelo esihle salokhu.

Umqondo oyinhloko wenye yezinganekwane ukhonjiswe ngumngane ophonswe ekuhluphekeni "kumngane" wakhe, okwesikhashana, ethanda ukubalekela, eshiya umngane wakhe engozini. Umqondo oyinhloko we-fable "Njengoba umuntu esususile itshe" kuboniswe ngumlobi, kodwa umphathi womqondo wangempela wokuqeda itshe ngumlimi olula owazi ukuthi uthola umvuzo ofanelwe kahle, ngale ndlela.

Umehluko phakathi kwezinganekwane zikaKrylov noTolstoy

Emisebenzini yakhe, u-Ivan Andreevich Krylov uvame ukwenza amaqhawe ezilwane, inhlanzi, izinyoni, ehlekisa izinto ezimbi ngokuziphatha kwabo. Yiqiniso, kukhona nabalingiswa babantu ezintabeni zakhe. U-Leo Tolstoy uveza izimfundiso zakhe emlonyeni wabantu, izindabakwane zakhe zifana nezindaba ezincane, ezithathwe ezigabeni zokuphila.

Ngenganekwane yakhe u-Ivan Andreevich Krylov wakhetha ifomu lezinkondlo, kuLeo Leo Tolstoy umqondo oyinhloko we-fable "Njengoba umuntu esususile itshe" futhi i-fable "Ama-Comrades amabili" aboniswa ngeprosethi. Izinganekwane zikaKrylov zimelela izimo ezibucayi ekunakekeleni kwethu, abalingiswa abahlekisayo bafika ezimweni ezingenangqondo ngenxa yeziphambeko zabo.

U-Leo Tolstoy, ngaphandle kokushiya ithoni yemvelo yomlandisi wesimo sezwe, kudala abafundi abe isithombe esabekayo somngane osele ngemuva kokushaya ibhere noma umgwaqo womuzi, phakathi nendawo elele itshe, elingasuswa kuphela yizilwane ezibukhali.

Ingabe udinga izinganekwane namuhla?

Amakhoba alotshwe nguLeo Leo Tolstoy eminyakeni eminingi edlule, eminyakeni eminingi edlule. Ingabe namuhla badinga abantu basimanje abasebenzisa amakhansela, abahamba ngezimoto, amakhompiyutha namafoni omakhalekhukhwini? Ingabe kukhona okufundisayo umqondo wabo oyinhloko? Izinganekwane "Indlela umuntu asuswe ngayo itshe" futhi "Abafana ababili" baphoqeleka ukuba bacabange futhi babonise, babe nomusa futhi bazise ubungane, ungashiyi umngane enkingeni. Futhi kulelikhulu leminyaka kukhona izinto eziningi ezimbi zabantu, izindaba ezifundisayo - amangakwane - ahambisana nakakhulu kunanini ngaphambili, adingeka ngumuntu ukuzithuthukisa ukuze abe ngcono, aqede izimfanelo ezimbi. I fable iyithuba lokuzibona wena ngaphandle futhi usebenze ekuphutheni kwakho.

Konke okuhlakaniphile kulula

Izinganekwane zeTolstoy zifana nezindatshana zabantu, zisondelene nokuhlakanipha kwabantu, zichazwe ngamazwi ambalwa, izaga. Ungathatha izinkulumo zamaRussia, uchaza ukuthi yiyiphi into esemqoka yefable "Indlela abalimi abasuse ngayo itshe." Isibonelo, "Lapho kungathathi khona i-ax, kuzothatha u-wit."

U-Leo Tolstoy ngosizo lomlando omncane uletha umfundi ukuthi umqondo wokuthi kunoma yikuphi okudingeka ukuthi ube ngumqambi, khona-ke umsebenzi obunzima kakhulu uzogcwaliseka kalula.

Ukufunda i-fable kaLevi Nikolaevich Tolstoy "Njengoba umuntu esususe itshe," umuntu uyaqonda ukuthi kunoma yikuphi, kudingeka ucabangele izixazululo eziningana. Lezi zindlela zingabiza futhi zingaphephile. Isibonelo, omunye wabanjiniyela bahlongoze indlela yokwaziswa okunengqondo : ukuqhuma itshe, kodwa izakhiwo zasemadolobheni zingase zihlupheke.

Indoda elula yaba mnandi kunezinjiniyela zesayensi, enikeza indlela elula - ukumba imbobo esigcawini. Ukunqumbela ukungena komuntu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwansuku zonke ngezindlela zesayensi ezengqondo, uTolstoy ukhombisa ukuthi ngezinye izikhathi umuntu akufanele akhathaze ngokweqile umsebenzi futhi kufanele anake ukucinga ngendlela elula futhi elula yokuxazulula inkinga.