Ukulungiswa kungokwengqondo. Izindlela zokulungiswa kwengqondo. Isikhungo sokulungiswa kwengqondo

Okokuqala, ake ukuchaza umqondo kwengqondo. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi - isayensi umphefumulo. Psychology njengenhlangano isiyalo ezimele esungulwe kuphela kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, ngemva kokwamukela i base zokuhlola kanye yemvelo ngesisekelo bokuphila.

Yiphi indima Psychology empilweni yesimanje?

Nge kungenzeka lokhu isayensi ihlangabezane hhayi nje njengomuntu isiyalo yesayensi, kodwa futhi ukuhlangabezana yakhe izinhlelo omagazini fashion, umsakazo nethelevishini ngesimo ukuhlolwa kwengqondo, izincomo abadumile zokusebenza kwengqondo imibhangqwana, osomabhizinisi kanye nokunye. N.

Esikhathini kohlaka yesimanje umphakathi ukuphila kwengqondo inezincazelo eziningi. Ziyakwazi:

1. indima Olungokoqobo - ukusiza ekuxazululeni izinkinga zangempela maqondana nomsebenzi zezimboni, nezinkinga zokuphila, uzokhetha yomsebenzi, ukuzivumelanisa iqembu, ubuhlobo bomkhaya; ukufunda efanele abaphathi, osebenza nabo, abangaphansi, izihlobo.
2. Ukuthuthukisa indima - isicelo of usezuze ulwazi ngokwengqondo ukuze yena ngokuzilimaza observation, professional amathuluzi ngokwengqondo (isibonelo, ukuhlolwa).
3. Jikelele kwamasiko indima - ahlule namasiko ehlukene ngokusebenzisa Kutfola lwati ngokwengqondo (imisebenzi ososayensi abaqavile basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle).
4. Theory okuyingxenye - ekutadisheni izinkinga eziyisisekelo.

Psychology yetenhlalo emmangweni wesimanje

Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, umphakathi bathutha isimo kwesasa, ilindele elihlobene ne okulindele evumayo mayelana zesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe intuthuko (STP), isimo ukukhungatheka okuthiwa (umbono wangempela la imiphumela emibi umthelela inqubekela-phambili yesayensi lwezobuchwepheshe).

Umphumela wokuqala - a iphutha yolwazi wokusiza lobuchwepheshe. Lena obonakalayo ikakhulukazi umsebenzi Ochwepheshe lobuchwepheshe. Besalungisa sokuchuma ehlelekile ubuchwepheshe kanye ukukhiqizwa. Ingqondo of onguchwepheshe enjalo, kanye namakhono akhe, amakhono okuqonda zezwe kanye psychology, igxile kuphela ekuxazululeni izinkinga lobuchwepheshe. Technicism ebonakaliswa ngokuphelele izinto zasemsebenzini yesimanje elihambisana ulwazi oludingekayo kanye izindlela. Ngenxa yalo displacement ngabanye idinga evame ukubuzwa yibo bonke abantu. A zokubonisa inqubo ngenhla ukuthuthukiswa edabukisayo isimo emvelweni nakwezempi ezweni lanamuhla.

Phakathi sciences ahlukahlukene, igxile umuntu, Okubaluleke kakhulu unamathele lwezenhlalo futhi humanities, kwengqondo ethile emphakathini. It kuzoba nomthelela neutralization of oshiwo ngenhla izindlela lobuchwepheshe mayelana nezindaba zezwe. ulwazi Social kuzosiza ukubona ukujula eyinkimbinkimbi yenza ubuhlobo babantu kwangempela.

umsebenzi Professional, isibonelo, unjiniyela (zokuguqulwa, ucwaningo, engqondweni yethu nabanye.) - akuyona nje ukuthintana ngqo into okumele ihlaziye (imishini, ubuchwepheshe, ukwakha), kodwa futhi ophilayo zokuxhumana womuntu (ngaphandle goal setting, ekuthathweni kwezinqumo, kukhona ukubambisana izethulo iqembu futhi imigomo, nekhono lokuxazulula izingxabano naphakathi-collective). Konke lokhu kubonisa ukuxhumana ethile ekuchumana, ezidinga ubunjiniyela olukhethekile zenhlalo-ngokwengqondo ulwazi namasiko, yena kumele zithole phakathi ukuqeqeshwa.

Life Psychology (njengoba isayensi umphefumulo) kufanele ukusiza umphakathi wanamuhla, kanye nokuthuthukisa ithekhnoloji nobuchwepheshe ziphenduke kuleli izici zenhlalo-ezingokwengqondo zezenhlalakahle.

Kubaluleka Psychology Human

Ngamunye - abanye abantu izici esingokwemvelo esiyingqayizivele (uhlanga lwesintu).

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthini inkulumo ethi: "Umuntu ozelwe, futhi umuntu eba." Ngokwesibonelo, ingane esanda kuzalwa - singumuntu, kodwa hhayi ungubani lomunye. Uma izimo ezikahle izokwakhiwa emhlabeni it khula it. Kodwa kukhona okwehlukile: izingane ezikhuliswe ngaphandle emphakathini (ukungalwazi ulimi futhi owamukelwa izindinganiso zomphakathi), ngokuvamile ningaweli esigabeni lomuntu. Nor lichazwa ngokuthi abantu ngabanye siphile ukuphila vegetative; hhayi interoperable (ngenxa ukukhubazeka kwezakhi zofuzo noma uhlobo oluhlukile yokulimala). Ukuze ukukhathazeka-non-siqu futhi ababulali serial, zingadedeli nezinye sociopaths psycho- futhi.

Personality - imfundo sokuphila (uhlelo) ukukwazi okushiwo yezenhlalakahle yohlobo wobuntu emhlabeni wangempela njengenhlangano Converter asebenzayo nolwazi okunenjongo tesifundvo.

Personality - ubuntu zonke okwakhe yayo (inhlanganisela izakhiwo siqu futhi ngamanye esihlukanisa oyedwa kusuka kwenye). Kungaba ukuzibonakalisa e imininingwane yanoma iyiphi imizwa, noma engqondweni, noma intando, noma konke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Kuyini profpsihologiya?

Lokhu legatsha elisha Psychology isicelo, okuyinto study amaphethini ungubani ukwakheka ngaphakathi kohlaka isiqondiso sokufundela, le phenomenology ka professionalization, professional lokuzibusa ka ngokucacile, futhi izindleko ngokwengqondo yale nqubo.

Cishe ukuphila kwawo wonke umuntu imisebenzi professional indawo ebalulekile. Ngemva kokuzalwa abazali ingane yakhe ayaqala kakade ukucabanga ngekusasa lakhe ngenkathi siqaphelisisa kuthambekela futhi izithakazelo.

Ngaphambi abafundi abasanda kuphothula umatikuletsheni, njengoba umthetho, kukhona inkinga mayelana kukhethwa umsebenzi esikhathini esizayo. Ngeshwa, kaningi izikhungo zemfundo abakhethiwe ngezikhathi. Phezu kokuthola iningi lentsha ngenhla inkinga ingaxazululwa ngokuqondile. Abaningi ayachitheka ngokukhetha kakade 1 st unyaka cwaningo, abanye - ukuqala umsebenzi, kanti eyesithathu - ngemva kweminyaka eminingana umsebenzi iphrofayli. Psychology Professional - i umkhakha esiye ukutadisha regularities kwetinhlavu izinhloso, kukhethwa umsebenzi, lapho usukwazi ukudlala kahle ke.

into Ezazimzungezile - ukuxhumana nomuntu mkhakha. Research Center - profrazvitie ubuntu, professional lokuzibusa.

izindlela Specific sokuhlaziya zisekelwe kumiswa profpsihologii:

• psychobiography ngokuyikho;
• izigameko ezibucayi;
• proforientirovannoy graphology;
• Ukusilela okwatholakala bomsebenzi;
• retrospection zinhlekelele ngokuyikho;
• kuveza ukusonteka professional nabanye.

Ukuchazwa welithi "ukulungiswa ngokwengqondo"

It iqondiswa zokukhwabanisa ezithile ngokwengqondo izakhiwo, kwenziwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthuthukisa ngokugcwele ngabanye, kanye nokusebenza kwawo agcwele.

Leli gama kabanzi 70s (ngesikhathi lapho izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo waqala ngenkuthalo abaqhuba kwengqondo, njengoba umthetho, iqembu). Nakuba njalo ingxoxo ngesihloko ngokuphathelene kungenzeka ukuba afeze zokusebenza kwengqondo wezokwelapha (ukwelashwa kwengqondo) imisebenzi zona eqinisweni zilungiselelwe ngenxa ukwakheka sokuqala ngokwengqondo kanye ngangokunokwenzeka. It is njalo kungase kutholakale. Nokho, ukwelashwa kwengqondo - umkhuba ikakhulukazi wezokwelapha. Angakwazi ukubhekana kuphela abantu nge imfundo ephakeme wezokwelapha. - udokotela ukulungiswa ngokwengqondo uqhuba kwengqondo Isazi sokusebenza kwengqondo: Ngokuqondene nalokhu umahluko ngeziphansi yethulwa. Zonke imibuzo efanayo, ezihlobene kwengqondo kanye nokulungisa (ngokwengqondo), bese uvula okwamanje.

Wamukele ukunikeza ezimbili zemibono ngaleliphuzu:

1. ungubani Okugcwele ngazo ngenhla imiqondo. Kodwa lokhu kucatshangelwe ukuthi ukulungiswa (ngokwengqondo) njengoba zokukhwabanisa iqondiswe yaqaphela (main ezindaweni ezintathu isicelo: kwengqondo, ukuvuselelwa kanye psycho-prophylaxis) hhayi kuphela zokwelapha, kodwa nakwezinye izindawo, ngokwesibonelo e pedagogy. Ngisho ekuphileni kwansuku zonke usukela Echoes zayo.

2. Ukulungiswa (ngokwengqondo) kuhloswe ukubhekana nezinkinga psychoprophylaxis (kuzo zonke izigaba), futhi ikakhulukazi phakathi kanye nokuvinjelwa okwalandela yesibili. Kodwa lo mngcele elukhuni kwenkululeko inqubo okukhulunywa umelwe, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, yokufakelwa: kuqhathaniswa nezifo zengqondo ukuchaza ngokucacile lafana ukulungiswa ngokomqondo, ukwelashwa, nokuvinjelwa, ukwelashwa akunakwenzeka, ngoba neurosis - isifo, okwenzeka Dynamics (ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi ukulandelela esigabeni soku-isifo lesi sifo futhi inqubo yokwelapha ikakhulu siqukethe zokuvimbela zesibili).

Futhi, kuze kube manje, ngaphakathi sokwelapha nokuvuselelwa izifo ngokwethukela ihlanganiswe indlela uyakucabangela khona kule etiopathogenesis zezenhlalo, begazi nezingokwengqondo, zonke zidinga ukwelashwa zokulungisa noma ukuxhaphaza ezifanele kwesimo sayo. Esimweni lapho isici ngokwengqondo izifo ezithize libhekwe njengelingcwele etiologic, ukulungiswa yakhe professional kakhulu kuvumelana kwenye yezingxenye of inqubo ukwelashwa okunjalo, njengoba ukwelashwa kwengqondo.

Ukusungula uhlaka mayelana nobuhlobo ngazo ngenhla imiqondo nosology kuwumzabalazo. Indima nokusebenza kwengqondo e kohlaka etiopathogenesis lesi sifo kubangela izindlela ezithile orientation psychotherapeutic ukuxazulula imisebenzi, ukuthi Kusenza sikwazi ukuzwa ukuthi izindlela ukulungiswa kwengqondo nemicabango ukwelashwa kwengqondo.

Ukuqhathanisa ukulungiswa ngokwengqondo nge kokungenela ngokwengqondo

Umphumela - kufanana sobala. Ukulungiswa (ngokwengqondo), kanye kokungenela ngokwengqondo, ithathwa njengeyenziwe okunenjongo umtselela losengcondvweni yaqaphela ezinhlakeni ezahlukene umsebenzi womuntu kanye Kwenziwa izindlela ngokwengqondo.

Bobabili yenza umsebenzi ofanayo. Ezincwadini wesinye isizwe ungumthombo Umbono ovamile ngaphezulu "kokungenela ngokwengqondo", futhi kule lwasekhaya - ". Ukulungiswa ngokwengqondo"

Izindlela ukulungiswa ngokwengqondo

Basuke ahlukahlukene, bangakwazi oluthathwa kunemibandela, ngokusekelwe izindlela zabo ethize eziyisisekelo:

1. yokuziphatha (ngeziphambeko ziphathwa njengoba izimiso ka behaviorism: ukulungiswa kwengqondo nezingokwengqondo abahlangene isidingo ukudala i elilungile nesineke amakhono ukuziphatha; izinhlobo ezahlukene nokuphazamiseka kwempilo yengqondo zinqunywa ukuziphatha maladaptive).

Lapha izindlela ezisetshenziswa, okungase cishe kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu:

• kontrobuslovlivaniya (igebe negative ukuqinisa ukuhlobana izimpendulo nokushukunyiswa, futhi (noma) kwaso indawo entsha (practice esetshenziswa Psychology emasu lafana inhlanganisela umthelela nge esimweni esingajabulisi isiguli noma okuphambene nalokho) limnandi;
• izindlela operant (ukusetshenziswa uhlelo imiklomelo ezifiselekayo, ngokuvumelana isinyathelo owelapha sika);
• izindlela esekelwe ukubukwa sotsiobihevioristov (isethulo udokotela imodeli ezifanele kakhulu ukuziphatha).

2. Umsebenzi (ukulungiswa ekhethekile ukuhlela inqubo yokufunda, lapho - ukuphathwa nokulawulwa umsebenzi wangaphandle kanye eziwumgogodla).

3. cognitivist (isisekelo - inkolelo yokuthi njani ubunikazi inhlangano izakhiwo ezithile engqondweni yethu, ukusetshenziswa "abakhi siqu ', okuvumela ukubeka imibono eyayisinesikhathi phambili ezifanele mayelana nezwe).

4. PSYCHOANALYTIC (usizo ekuboneni nesineke izimbangela equlekile nakho sina izimpawu esibuhlungu ngokuba nesifundo sabo).

5. ekuphileni-neyobuntu (ngokusekelwe kuyifilosofi existentialism).

6. Gestalt therapy (nokubuyiselwa ngokuqhubeka yingqondo yomuntu).

7. Psychodrama (ukumodeliswa ngesimo isimo yaseshashalazini abadlali iqembu, ezihlongozwayo omunye iziguli, futhi esekelwe nezenzakalo zangempela zokuphila kwakhe noma iphupho lakhe izindaba).

8. umzimba ngamakhasimende (ngokusekelwe "Vegetoterapiya" uhlelo W. kwamaNazi, "ukuqhakaza zempi kwemisipha", okuyinto kamuva kusiza umuntu ukukhulula amandla futhi kusho ukuthini lula ukucindezeleka yayo).

9. Psychosynthesis (sub-Ubuntu zidlala indima ebalulekile - ubuntu ehlukile ngaphakathi umuntu ngamunye, okuyinto ngokuhamba okwelashwa, isiguli ihlangabezana futhi ifunda ukuhlukanisa kubo kusukela yangempela yabo "Mina").

10. Transpersonal (ukusiza isiguli ukuba bahlangane okwamehlela lutho olufanele ukuphila ngokusebenzisa isicelo "ukuphefumula holotropic" indlela).

izindlela psychodiagnostics

Amanye awo yilawa:

1. Akunalutho (sipho ndaba uchungechunge lwemibuzo nezahlulelo).
2. Uhlu lwemibuzo izindlela ukuxilongwa ngokwengqondo (sicela isihloko imibuto ngemlomo).
3. Picturesque (ukusetshenziswa elakhiwe maphethini okuhlola noma ukuhumusha izithombe zabo eqeda).
4. Design (ukusebenzisa amasu ngenhla).
5. izindlela elibanzi-manipulation uphethwe ngokwengqondo (ukumelwa ngesimo izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezindwangu ezingaba netintfo mbamba ixazululwe imisebenzi yokuhlola).

Izinhloso psychocorrection ingane

Njengengxenye Psychology kazwelonke, bededelwa yimithetho yoqondayo ngokwengqondo ukuvela ingane njengoba ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni umsebenzi inqubo, okuyinto luyasetshenziswa ngokubambisana nomuntu omdala.

ngokwengqondo ukulungiswa imigomo akhiwa ngesisekelo:

• nokwenza kahle isimo social ukuthuthukiswa waphawula;
• kumiswa zokwakheka entsha engu-kwengqondo;
• ukuthuthukiswa yemihlobo ehlukeneko waphawula umsebenzi womntwana.

Kukhona imithetho okufanele zilawule sebhithi ngaphansi izinjongo ukucabangela ukulungiswa, okuyilezi:

1. Bayobizwa washayelwa ngendlela enhle.
2. ngokwengqondo ukwelashwa imigomo kufanele ibe nengqondo ngokwanele.
3. Anomoya zihlanganisa izibikezelo yentuthuko amanje nawesikhathi esizayo wengane ukuze wokubuyekeza ehlelekile izinhlelo zokuhlunyeleliswa kwezimilo.
4. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukulungiswa ngokwengqondo yezingane unikeza imiphumela abalulekile kuphela ngemva kwenkathi ende yesikhathi (ngokuhamba yokwelapha, ekupheleni kwawo, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ke).

Lemisebenti zochwepheshe orientation kwezimilo kanye nokuthuthukisa nguthishela-sokusebenza kwengqondo isikhungo ozinikele osebenza iqeqebana, iqembu kanye namafomu ngabanye umsebenzi. ukulungiswa Psychological and ekukhuleni kwengane by ngandlela-thile kunqunywa kuncike izici zayo (kobukhulu izinkinga isimo, iminyaka, futhi ngesilinganiso impahla bezibona al.).

Uhlelo yokuyala ngokwengqondo kuthomba nge retardation engqondo

Ezemfundo ukuziphatha Socio-ezifanele - umgomo obaluleke kakhulu pedagogy kwezimilo. Uhlelo yokuyala ngokwengqondo ukuziphatha izingane retardation yengqondo inselele impela ngenxa yokuthi ngomzuzu wamanje buthaka, ukuthuthukiswa untula, ikakhulukazi psychophysiological izindlela isizinda ukuziphatha (ubuntu affective-volitional).

Isizathu sokuba nokungezwani ka homeostasis engqondo - the ukwehluleka oyingozi palsy, retardation ukuthuthukiswa isimiso sezinzwa. Ngakho-ke, ukulungiswa yokuziphatha - mkhuba ezibaluleke kakhulu inqubo ukusebenza izingane nge retardation engqondo. Kumele okuhloswe ngazo ukunciphisa ubudlova ezinganeni futhi sigxilise kuzo ezanele ukuziphatha zenhlalo-elivunyelwe.

Wathembiswa ku nezikhethekile, isibonelo, maphakathi ukulungiswa ngokwengqondo "izikhungo inkulumo lesikhungo umndeni." Isimiso esibaluleke kakhulu yomsebenzi wakhe - ezimali degree kanye namafomu ka kwengqondo wengane.