Ukujiya Maximum leqhwa Antarctica: izici amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ziningi-Antarctica zwekazi elikhulu, ngokupheleleyo dibikeza ice. Kodwa bonke ngakho ayilula kangako. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi e-Antarctica ngaphambili, iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-52 edlule, wakhula izintende, ama-baobab ngesiNgisi, Araucaria, macadamia nezinye izinhlobo izitshalo ukushisa-onothando. Khona-ke ezwekazini kwaba sezulu esishisayo. Namuhla, leli zwekazi - ogwadule ezibandayo.

Ngaphambi esinalo sihlolisise umbuzo ngalokho ukushuba leqhwa Antarctica, thina uhlu amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana leli zwekazi elikude, Ayindida, futhi enomoya Zomhlaba.

Ongumnikazi Antarctica?

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqhubeke ngqo umbuzo lokho ukushuba ice e-Antarctica, kufanele unqume ukuthi ngubani ongowakhe leli zwekazi esiyingqayizivele kahle wafunda.

Eqinisweni, yena akanayo uhulumeni. Amazwe amaningi ngesikhathi sakhe wazama ukuthi zilawule ubunikazi ehlane, kude nezwe lakwa-impucuko, kodwa ngo-December 1, 1959 sasayinwa iSivumelwano (sacala kusebenta ngoJuni 23, 1961), i-Antarctica ingeyona kunoma isiphi isimo ngaphansi kwazo. Manje abahlanganyeli yesivumelwano kukhona amazwe angu-50 (nge amalungelo ukuvota) futhi emazweni amaningi owayebukele. Nokho, ukuba khona isivumelwano akusho ukuthi abasayini umbhalo izwe lama izimangalo zawo indawo kuleli zwekazi futhi isikhala eduze.

impumuzo

Ziningi enkulu Antarctic ice ehlane, lapho, ngaphandle iqhwa, lutho nhlobo. Futhi ngokwezinga elikhulu lokhu kuyiqiniso, kodwa kukhona athile athakazelisayo ukucabangela. Ngakho-ke, hhayi kuphela ukushuba ice e-Antarctica azophikisana.

Kuleli zwekazi, kukhona isigodi ngempela ebanzi ngaphandle iqhwa, ngisho zesihlabathi. Isithwathwa ezindaweni lapho, hhayi ngoba ukufudumala, kunalokho, kuningi sezulu okwedlula kwezinye izifunda zaleli zwekazi.

Valley McMurdo ebonakalayo esabekayo isivinini katabatic umoya ifinyelela angu-320 ngehora. Tibangela ukuhwamuka okukhulu umswakama, okuyinto ebangela ukuntuleka ice neqhwa. Izimo zokuphila zifana kakhulu Mars, ngakho-NASA ezigodini of McMurdo olwenziwa ukuhlolwa "amaViking" (mkhathi).

Kukhona e-Antarctica kanye elikhulu zokhahlamba engase ifaniswe ngobukhulu e-Alps. Qamba ke - gamburtsev Ukhahlamba, elabizwa ngebizo we-Soviet geophysicist abadumile academician George Gamburtseva. Ngo-1958, ngohambo lwakhe ziwathole.

okude kakhulu Ukhahlamba Its 1300 km, nobubanzi - 200 kuya ku-amakhilomitha 500. iphuzu zayo eliphakeme ifinyelela 3390 amamitha. I ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi kule ntaba enkulu amanga ngaphansi ungqimba obukhulu (ngokwesilinganiso kuze kube amamitha 600) ice. Kukhona ngisho ezindaweni lapho iqhwa mkhulu kunokhalo 4 amakhilomitha.

Mayelana nesimo sezulu

Ngo-Antarctica, kukhona umehluko ezimangalisayo phakathi umthamo wamanzi (amanzi ahlanzekile - 70 per cent) kanye sezulu kuqhathaniswa yomile. Lena ingxenye owomileyo ube yiziphethu yonke le mbulunga enguMhlaba.

Ngisho ezingwadule sultry kakhulu futhi hot zomhlaba uwela yezimvula edlula izigodi ezomile-Antarctica. Sekukonke ngoba ngonyaka 10 kuphela amasentimitha yemvula kwi-South Pole.

Iningi nezwekazi embozwe iqhwa okuphakade. Uyini ukushuba iqhwa lase-Antarctica, sifunde aphansi.

On imifula Antarctica

Omunye emifuleni, ancibilike beshaya amanzi ngasempumalanga kuyinto Onyx. Yena wabe Lake Vanda, esemgwaqweni esigodini omile Wright. Mayelana nemibandela ezinjalo ezixakile zezulu Onyx has amanzi awo kwezinyanga ezimbili kuphela ngonyaka, ngesikhathi esifushane ehlobo Antarctic.

Ubude Umfula sika amakhilomitha 40. Fish ayikho lapha, kodwa ezihlukahlukene ulwelwe bukhoma nezinto ezincane eziphilayo.

ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke

I-Antarctica iyizwekazi inxenye enkulukazi umhlaba imbozwe yiqhwa. Lapha, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, it is bagxila 90% mass ingqikithi ice emhlabeni. I ukujiya isilinganiso ice Antarctic cishe 2133 metres.

Endabeni ukuncibilika zonke iqhwa welwandle Antarctic angavuka ngu 61 amamitha. Nokho, okwamanje nezinga lokushisa phezu zwekazi likhulu -37 degrees Celsius, inqobo nje uma kungekho ingozi yangempela yenhlekelele yemvelo efana. izingxenye Iningi nezwekazi, izinga lokushisa aliphumi ngenhla zero.

mayelana izilwane

nezilwane Antarctic imelelwa izinhlobo ezithile ezingenamgogodla, izinyoni nezilwane ezincelisayo. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje e-Antarctica abuthole esingaphansi 70 zezintaka ezingenamgogodla, isidleke ezine zama-penguins. Ensimini ka esifundeni polar athole izinsalela Kunezinhlobo eziningi ^{izibankwakazi.}

amabhere aziwa ingahlali Antarctica, bahlala e-Arctic. Iningi nezwekazi is uhlalwe penguins. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi lezi zinhlobo ezimbili ukuhlangabezana esikhathini imvelo.

Lena ukuphela kwendawo emhlabeni, ekhaya kuya esiyingqayizivele umbusi penguins kukhona kwezihlahla ezinde kunazo zonke futhi ngobukhulu phakathi nazo zonke izihlobo zakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto zilwane kuphela zizalela ebusika Antarctic. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, i-Adelie penguin izinhlobo eningizimu yaleli zwekazi.

Mainland engacebile kakhulu ezihlala ezweni, kodwa emanzini angasogwini zingatholakala killer nama, imikhomo okwesibhakabhaka, futhi sea izingonyama. Uhlala lapha kanye engavamile isinambuzane - Midge wingless, ogama ubude 1.3 cm Ngenxa izimo ezimbi kakhulu kunomoya ngoba izinambuzane ezindizayo lumane ..

Phakathi abaningi penguin amakoloni atholakala springtails abamnyama, kuzuba like namazeze. Ngisho Antarctica iwukuphela kwezwekazi lapho akwenzeki ukuhlangabezana izintuthwane.

Area ice ikhava emhlabeni Antarctica

Ngaphambi siyathola ukuthi ukushuba esiphezulu ice e-Antarctica, cabanga ice endaweni ezungeze Antarctica ulwandle. Basuke okwandisa kwezinye izindawo lapho lehla kwabanye. Nalapha futhi, isizathu lezi zinguquko ukuthola umoya.

Ngokwesibonelo, imimoya enyakatho enophephela amabhlogo yeqhwa emikhulu bebheke ezweni, ngakho-ke omiswe ilahlekelwa ingxenye yiqhwa elimboze. Umphumela kuwukwanda nenqwaba ice emhlabeni Antarctica, kanye nenani ice ukuthi yakha iqhwa elikuyo ishidi sinciphile.

Le ndawo ingqikithi ezwekazini imayelana million 14 amakhilomitha square. Ehlobo, lizungezwe abayizigidi ezingu 2.9 sq. km ice ebusika, le ndawo luyanda mayelana 2.5 izikhathi.

echibini subglacial

Nakuba ukushuba esiphezulu ice e-Antarctica kusishiya sibambe ongezansi, zikhona kule izwekazi echibini komhlaba, lapho, mhlawumbe, futhi, kukhona ukuphila ezigidi zeminyaka savela eceleni ngokuphelele.

Sekukonke it is ukuba khona abangaphezu kuka-140 amadamu ezinjalo, phakathi lapho aziwayo engcono kakhulu echibini ezaziwayo. East, elise Awukude Soviet (Russian) "Vostok" esiteshini, okwakunginika igama echibini. Chetyrohkilometrovaya stratum ice ihlanganisa into yemvelo. Lake ayigongobali yokuba ngaphansi kwakhe komhlaba komhlaba imithombo. Amazinga amanzi ezindaweni ezijulileyo ichibi imayelana +10 ° C.

Ngokusho imibono yososayensi, okungukuthi ice Massif wakhonza njengephayona yisivikelo yemvelo, okuyinto kwasiza ekulondolozeni lolu esiyingqayizivele eziphilayo eziphilayo izigidi zeminyaka ukuthuthukisa kanye nokuguquguquka a bathinteka ngokuphelele nomhlaba esogwadule emhlabeni ice.

I ukushuba we ice e-Antarctica

Antarctic ice ishidi iyona enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ngu ndawo, kuba bebakhulu Greenland ice uquqaba mayelana izikhathi 10. It is bagxila eziyizigidi ezingu-30-cubic amakhilomitha ice. It has ukuma umkhatsi, emthambekeni ebusweni okwandisa maqondana olwandle, lapho, emazweni amaningi abantu iphahlwe yi izingqimba zeqhwa. I ukujiya kunazozonke ice Antarctic ifinyelela kwezinye izindawo (empumalanga) 4800 m.

Entshonalanga, futhi kuyinto ejulile yezwekazi ukucindezeleka - ukucindezeleka Bentley (mhlawumbe umsuka nemifantu), egcwele iqhwa. ukujula 2555 amamitha ngezansi kolwandle wayo.

Uyini ukujiya isilinganiso ice e-Antarctica? Kusukela amamitha-2500 kuya 2800.

amaqiniso ezimbalwa mnandi

Ngo-Antarctica ukhona umzimba wemvelo yamanzi amanzi ahlanzekile emhlabeni. Weddell Sea ubhekwa le esobala kakhulu emhlabeni. Yiqiniso, akukho lutho isimanga kule, njengoba kule izwekazi akekho nokungcolisa ke. Kukhona unikelwa seqiwe we obala isihlobo yamanzi (79 m), okuyinto cishe kulingana obala amanzi distilled.

Esikhathini nezigodi McMurdo kuyinto engavamile Igazi Falls. Ngakho kusukela Taylor Glacier futhi agelezela West Lake Bonney, embozwe iqhwa. Umthombo impophoma - usawoti echibini, etholakala ngaphansi obukhulu ice ishidi (amamitha angu-400). Ngenxa amanzi usawoti ayigongobali ngisho okushisa aphansi kakhulu. Yasungulwa cishe sekudlule iminyaka engu-2 million edlule.

I Singularity waterfall itholakala umbala amanzi alo - abomvu. Amandla akhe akusho ukuzwa elangeni. Wokuqukethwe eliphezulu yensimbi oxide emanzini kanye nezilwanyana ezincane, ethola amandla angiqinise ngu nokwehlisa sulfate ziyoncibilika emanzini - yalesi sizathu umbala ofanayo.

izakhamuzi zaphakade e-Antarctica cha. Kukhona nje abantu bahlala ezweni elithile inkathi ethile yesikhathi. Lokhu abameleli nesikhathi wezesayensi. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, inani ososayensi nabasebenzi ukusekela mayelana 5000, futhi ebusika - ku-1000.

Yeqhwa ngobukhulu

I ukushuba ice e-Antarctica, njengoba kuphawulwe ngenhla, ezihluke kakhulu. Kodwa phakathi kolwandle zeqhwa kukhona nezinguzunga ezinkulu zeqhwa, kuhlanganise B-15, ungomunye kwekulu.

ubude bayo - mayelana 295 amakhilomitha, ububanzi - 37 km, futhi bonke ubuso endaweni sq 11 000. amakhilomitha (endaweni ngaphezulu Jamaican). Isisindo sayo eseduze - 3 billion tonnes. Futhi kuze kube namuhla, ngemva kokuphenywa kwecala cishe iminyaka engu-10 zokulinganisa, ezinye izingxenye zalesi giant is hhayi kwancibilika.

isiphetho

Antarctica - indawo yezimfihlakalo emangalisayo futhi izimangaliso. Emazweni eyisikhombisa, kunguye lokugcina ukuvula uma abacwaningi abahambi. Antarctica - komncane afunda, futhi kuhlale nezwekazi wokungenisa izihambi emhlabeni, kodwa futhi ngempela kakhulu fabulously amahle emangalisayo.