Ukugonywa yokulwa nezifo meningococcal. Ingabe nemigomo edingekayo?

isifo Meningococcal - ubulwelwe lapho amabhaktheriya siphindaphindeka kungabangela ukugula okungathí sina. Ikakhulukazi, meningitis, sepsis, nasopharyngitis, inyumoniya, sinusitis noma meningococcemia.

meningitis

Meningitis - ukutheleleka meningococcal, okungaba amafomu amabili: zamabanga aphansi naphezulu. Esimweni sokuqala namagciwane abangela izifo angena emzimbeni by amaconsi sisemoyeni. Ngokusebenzisa emphinjeni bese ngokusebenzisa kusivimbeli gazi ebuchosheni - e ulwelwesi ingqondo. isifo enjalo ingase ibe ubovu noma serous.

Lapho serous meningitis kuyinto ekuqongeleleni lymphocyte e i-cerebrospinal fluid. It is ezibangelwa amagciwane noma amagciwane, isifo sofuba okuthakazelisayo. Lapho ubovu meningitis e cerebrospinal fluid kuyinto ekuqongeleleni neutrophil. Lokhu kwenzeka ngenxa amagciwane. Ngokuyinhloko A meningococcal futhi C. Cishe u-40% amacala ekuqaleni haemophilus influenzae B. Futhi% 2 kuphela yizifo ezinjenge-pneumonia.

Ngo yesibili meningitis kuthinta ipheshana zokuphefumula, oropharynx, indlebe noma salivary indlala. Ungezwa izimpawu zezifo ezifana nenyumoniya noma izifo enteric. Khona-ke ama-bacterium ukungena ngokusebenzisa ama-lymph kanye igazi, okubangela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho. Imbangela yesibili meningitis staphylococci, streptococci, Escherichia coli, Candida isikhunta, amagciwane, salmonella, nezinye amagciwane.

Ingabe kukhona mqedazwe?

Splash yesifo meningococcal laligujwa eRussia ngo-1968. Cases ukuba kwakuwumsebenzi ngempela njalo. Ngakho-ke, ngokugoma esiphuthumayo ezifweni meningococcal. Kwakuyisikhathi ubhubhane yangempela. Kodwa sibonga lokugoma, ke kancane kancane kwangikhanyela engelutho. Futhi manje, lesi sifo lokhu kungenzeki njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-2000, amakhulu ezinkulungwane amaRashiya kwadingeka 8 elinegciwane.

Izingane ziyashesha kakhulu lesi sifo. Futhi isizathu itholakala yokuntuleka ngokugoma. Kodwa nasopharyngitis kungenzeka omsakazo ezahlukene, futhi lihlukaniswe ngezinye izikhathi kunzima ngempela kusuka kwenye isifo. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo wokuthi imigomo ezidingekayo ukuze meningitis, impendulo inguyebo. Ukuvimbela kungcono ekuqaleni kuka kuye isikhathi eside ukuphola.

Kuyini isifo meningococcal?

I-ejenti causative ukutheleleka meningococcal - amabhaktheriya Neisseria meningitides. Lesi sifo kungavuka ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile ngesimo meningitis (ukuvuvukala meninges). Lwegciwane (meningococcus Vekselbauma) kuyinto diplococcus Gram-HIV. It akanawo amaphilisi kanye flagella, ayisebenzi. Ingeyona ezinhlamvu. Amazinga elikhulu for ukukhula kwamagciwane - 37 degrees.

Lapho isifo meningococcal itholwa?

isifo Meningococcal kwenzeka kuwo wonke amazwe. Kodwa anezinga eliphezulu legciwane - Ephakathi eNtshonalanga Afrika. ERussia izikhathi eziningana Kwagqashuka emaphaketheni ezincane ukutheleleka. Ngakho-ke, lokugoma yokulwa nezifo meningococcal liyadingeka isifo akazange athathe ifomu eziwuhlupho.

Izinkinga of meningitis

Lesi sifo kuyingozi ngempela. Uma isikhathi engakaze zigonyelwe ukutheleleka, umuntu angaba sengozini yokuthola izifo. Ngokuvamile belethwa saba nemiphumela ebulalayo. Uma isikhathi akusho ukwelapha meningitis, kungaholela ukukhubazeka. Izinkinga beze izinhlobo eziningana:

• cerebral olunamandla, okungukuthi, ubuchopho edema, infarction palsy, ventriculitis. Ngaphandle okungenhla ngokuvamile kuphakama effusion subdural, occlusion futhi ungakufanelekeli lokhu kukhuthaza adh syndrome.
• extracerebral olunamandla. iziguli meningitis angase awele beshaqekile. Ivela ICE futhi oluhambisana syndromes, kahle kungakhuphula izinga likashukela, ukuntuleka kwamanzi emzimbeni, samathambo, inyumoniya. Meningitis kungathinta pheshana emathunjini (izilonda, kolwelwesi).
• yezinkinga Late. Lezi zihlanganisa iphimbo, ataxia, izithulu, izimpumputhe, fibrosis-ingcina arachnoiditis. Ngenxa yezinkinga meningitis kungabangela yoma we emsipheni optic, ubuchopho ithumba, ukungasebenzi kwe-pituitary anterior. Ngo yezinkinga ngasekupheleni avele isifo esithinta izinzwa, kuze kube komqondo. Ngezinye izikhathi kukhona isifo sikashukela. In esigabeni eziphambili - ikhoma.

Yiziphi kanjani imijovo yokugoma?

ERussia, ukuze kuvinjelwe lesi sifo ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa wokugoma kwezilwandle yokulwa nezifo meningococcal "meningitis A + C" Domestic noma A no-C Umgomo equkethe W-135 no Y, kuwo pilgrim kuphela, kusale eMecca. Iqukethe iqembu meningococcal alisetshenziswa kabanzi. It has immunogenicity ongaphakeme futhi enezinto eziningi etintfweni antigenic ezingase zibangele side effects kanye nezinkinga.

Ukuze ugweme ukuvuvukala kobuchopho zigonyelwa izifo meningococcal. Igama zingase zihluke, ngoba umgomo hhayi kusungulwa eyodwa, "Umthetho-Hib," "Hiberiks", "Temp-Mthetho-Hib," "Pentaxim" nabanye abaningana. Ungazenza mahhala ayinhloko, cishe noma yimuphi umtholampilo ezisemadolobheni. Yiqiniso, abanye bathengisa kuphela imali futhi kungaba eqolo.

Ukuze kuvikelwe of Pneumococcal meningitis wokugoma «Pneumo-23" lisetshenziswa. Wenziwe eFrance. yokugoma Mahhala kuphela izingane, owakhiwa iqembu ingozi. Bonke abanye abafisa - ngemali ethile. Lezi ngokuxhunyelelwa kunciphisa ingozi sifo hhayi kuphela meningitis, kodwa futhi eziningi ezinye izifo (sepsis, inyumoniya, njll D.).

Lapho futhi lapho imigomo ukuyenza?

Imithi ezisetshenziswa avame aqukethe polysaccharides. Basuke iqondiswa izingane ezineminyaka engu-2. yokugoma okunjalo ongavikela ingane iminyaka engu-3. Kodwa kaningi (ngaphezu kuka-50% amacala), meningitis zenzeka izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili. Bona imigomo nempendulo ababuthakathaka mzimba. Umgomo ngokumelene meningococcal Iqembu isetshenziswa kuphela izingane ngonyaka amadala kweyodwa, iqembu C - kuphela kuze umntwana eseneminyaka emibili. Kuxhunyelelwa kwenziwa kanye kuphela.

Ingabe ikhona wokugoma ngokumelene meningitis izinsana?

On yokugoma izinsana umsebenzi kuyinto eqhubekayo. Nakuba kakade kahle lokugoma serotype C. Ngenxa umjovo meningitis legciwane kuyehla 76%. Izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka emibili ubudala - 90%. Umsebenzi sekuqaliwe manje kwi yokugoma kuhlangene, okumele liqukathe meningococcus serotype 4. Ngaphambi yokugoma kuyadingeka ukuze bonana nodokotela wakho kuqala. Musa ukukhetha umgomo ingane bebodwa, ngaphandle kokubonisana onguchwepheshe.

Ingabe ngidinga zigonyelwe isifo meningococcal?

Ukugonywa yokulwa nezifo meningococcal akuyona kuphela tekuvikela, kodwa futhi uma kwenzeka kubhubhane. Ngokuvamile umjovo isetshenziswa "A + C" okuyinto afakiwe lapho ubhubhane izingozi. Kuwo wonke umphakathi, elihlala ezindaweni ezisondelene yingozi focus ukutheleleka. Kodwa embundwini ubhubhane kunoma yiliphi izwe eyakho. Uma ogulayo iba ngaphezu izinombolo ezithile fixed, wokugoma sabantu kuyadingeka.

Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi izingane. isikhathi yokugoma inikezwa ngokulandelana ukuze yokugoma ikhalenda ekhethekile. Ngokusho kwakhe, zenziwa izingane eminyakeni emibili ubudala, intsha kanye nabantu abadala kanye sekuvele kokugqashuka ukutheleleka meningococcal, okuyinto kubangelwa amagciwane serogroups A no-C

Kanye nalabo engozini yokutheleleka. abafundi basesikoleni samabanga aphansi abahlala ezikoleni okuhlalwa namakhaya ezintandane kule yokuhlala umndeni. Kuyefana nasendleleni izingane livela emindenini ehlwempu, lapho izimo sanitary ziphuliwe. Njengoba meningitis ungathola ngisho ogulayo ezandleni angcolile noma izithelo. Ngakho-ke, ukudalwa inhlanganisela yokugoma, ikakhulukazi izingane, kuyadingeka.

polysaccharide yokugoma

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngokuyisisekelo "A + C" Kuxhunyelelwa esetshenziselwa ngokugoma. Esikhathini indawo umjovo, kukhona abanye ubuhlungu futhi hyperemia (ngokuvamisile 5% kuwo). Okuningi kuyaqabukela kwenzeka imfiva ukuthi benganhlanhlathi izinsuku 1.5. Nge kwemigomo ethile, ke asivelanga nhlobo. Maximum - ububomvu endaweni inoculation. yokugoma kuphela contraindicated kubantu abaphethwe izifo ezingelapheki noma abanemizimba engezwani izithako equkethwe kuwo.

Ingabe Ngidinga lokugoma yokulwa nezifo meningococcal?

ERussia eminyakeni ethile edlule sathula lokugoma ayimpoqo ngokumelene meningitis. Lesi sifo kuphakama ngenxa amagciwane, okuthiwa "haemophilus influenzae". Kungase kubangele hhayi kuphela meningitis. Futhi isibonelo, indlebe izifo, inyumoniya, sinusitis. Nokho, akufanele sikhohlwe ukuthi meningitis kungabangela hhayi haemophilus influenzae kuphela, kodwa futhi namanye amagciwane amaningi.

Ukugonywa ngokumelene nalesi sifo wenziwa kuwo wonke amazwe emhlabeni. Ukuvuvukala ubuchopho kungaholela ekufeni. Inoculations zenziwa ngokuvumelana amakhalenda isetshenziswa kwezokwelapha kanyekanye lokugoma ne DTP. yokugoma yamanje aqukethe izingxenye Hib izifo. Haemophilus influenzae, njengoba abacwaningi bathola, kungaba zinhlobo eziyisithupha. I esiyingozi kakhulu kuya ezintweni zabantu uhlobo B. Ngokuvamile zigonywe equkethe ingxenye sifo ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba zokuzivikela.

meningitis ukutheleleka (haemophilus influenzae) kuyingozi kakhulu izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-5. Khona-ke goma akunandaba mqondo, ngoba ngeminyaka izivikeli mzimba e abantu ikhiqizwa ngokuzenzakalela. Nakuba ukuvikela ngokuphelele abantu abavela meningitis hhayi kungaba izifo. Ungakwazi kakhulu kuphela kuncishiswe ingozi ekubambeni ke. Inselelo nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuphikiswa meningitis, futhi uyakwazi pneumococcus. Kodwa yile bacterium ukhona wokugoma. Kamuva amagciwane ayingozi kakhulu ngokuvamile eziyimbangela ukuvuvukala kobuchopho, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-meningococcus.

Uma kwakuba khona ukuxhumana isiguli

Ukuvimbela meningitis kumele zigonywe. Immunoglobulin iqondiswa ukuba izingane ezingaphansi kweminyaka engu-7 ubudala, kodwa kungakapheli isikhathi esingangesonto emva kokuthi ukuchayeka. Ngakho ingane abaneminyaka engu 2 enikezwe 1.5 ml nangaphezulu - 3 ml wokugoma. Uma umuntu othwala lesi sifo, chemoprophylaxis izinsuku ezine. Uma kuba yinoma yisiphi omdala, kunikezelwe rifampicin kabili ngosuku 0.3 amagremu.

Imijovo yokugoma ngokumelene meningitis zenziwa kusengaphambili, ngaphandle kokulinda ukuba umuntu egula. Esikhundleni ampicillin esetshenziswa amoxicillin. Anakho nethonya elikhulu amagciwane. Emazweni amaningi linqume imigomo wonke umuntu ukuxhumana iziguli. Ukugonywa owenziwa izinsuku ezimbili. Kufika ngonyaka - 5 kuya 10 mg / kg ngosuku, kusukela ngonyaka owodwa kuya kwengu-12 - 10 mg / kg ngosuku, noma wenza eyodwa shot "Ceftriaxone" 200 mg. Lezi yokugoma ibe nomthelela omkhulu hhayi kuphela njengoba meningitis zokuvimbela, kodwa futhi nabo iziguli ukutheleleka meningococcal. meningitis Secondary singenzeka kulo lonke ngenyanga. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, kulamalanga 5 emva ukuxhumana nomuntu ogulayo kufanele uthole zigonywe ukuze ingangenwa amagciwane.