Ukudweba ku-Impressionism ne-Post-Impressionism: Abamele

Kunombono wokuthi ukudweba ekuthandweni kwemvelo akusho ukuthatha indawo ebalulekile kangaka. Kodwa Impressionism emidwebeni - ngokuphambene nalokho. Isitatimende siyamangalisa futhi siyaphikisana. Kodwa lokhu kungokuqala, ukubukeka okungenasici.

Mhlawumbe, kuzo zonke izinkulungwane zeminyaka ekhona esitokisini sesintu sobuciko obuhle, akukho lutho olusha, oluguquguqukayo luye lwavela. Ukucindezela kunoma yikuphi umdwebo wezithombe zanamuhla. Kungabonakala ngokucacile emafreyini efilimu yenkosikazi edumile, naphakathi komagazini we-ladies omangalisayo. Wangena emculweni nasezincwadini. Kodwa kwakunjalo ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Imvelaphi Yomqondo Wokucindezela

Ngo-1901 eFrance, emhumeni waseKombarel, imidwebo yamatshe edutshulwa ngengozi, omncane kunazo zonke ezineminyaka eyi-15 000 ubudala. Futhi lokhu kwakuyiyokuqala kokudweba. Ngoba umculi wokuqala akazange azimisele ukufunda ukuziphatha kombukeli. Wamane walungisa impilo eyayizungezile.

Futhi le ndlela yayikhohliwe iminyaka eminingi, eminingi. Isintu senze ezinye izindlela zokukhuluma zomlomo. Futhi ukudluliswa kwemizwelo ngendlela yokubukwa kwehluleka ukuba yizihloko zezobuciko kuye.

Enye into yokucabanga kwakuseduze kwamaRoma asendulo. Kodwa ingxenye yemizamo yabo yaba umlotha. Futhi nomaphi lapho uVesuvius engazange afinyelele khona, abahlali bezontabha bafika.

Ukudweba kugcinwa, kodwa kwaqala ukubonisa imibhalo, imiyalezo, imiyalezo, ulwazi. Kwayeka ukuba nomuzwa. Yaba umzekeliso, incazelo, indaba. Bheka i-tapestry evela ku-Bayeux. Uhle futhi uyigugu. Kodwa lesi akusona isithombe. Amamitha ama-line angama-70 angama-line.

Ukudweba ngokuphrinta: ekuqaleni

Umdwebo owenziwe kancane futhi ohloniphekile emhlabeni wonke izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Kukhona imibala namasu amasha. Abaculi baye bafunda ukubaluleka kombono kanye namandla omthelela womlayezo odwecwe obunemibala engqondweni yomuntu. Umdwebo waba yisayensi yezemfundo futhi wazuza zonke izici zobuciko obukhulu. Waba yinto engathandeki, eyayiqala futhi eyabuhlungu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ihloniphekile futhi ingaguquguquki, njenge-canonical religion postulate.

Umthombo wezakhiwo zokudweba kwakuyizithombe ezingokwenkolo, izincwadi, iziteji ezihlukahlukene. Ama-smears ayemancane, angabonakali. Ukufundiswa kwafakwa esiteji semfundiso. Futhi ubuciko bokudweba okuthenjisiwe esikhathini esizayo esizobonakala siba yi-stale, njengehlathi elidala.

Ukuphila kwashintsha, ubuchwepheshe buqhutshwe ngokushesha, futhi abaculi kuphela abaqhubeka nokusika izithombe eziqinile nezindawo zokudweba zepaki. Lesi simo asihambisani nabantu bonke. Kodwa i-inertia yokuqaphela umphakathi yayinqobe ngokubunzima ngaso sonke isikhathi.

Kodwa-ke, egcekeni kakade sekuyikhulu le-XIX, isikhathi esingekho isikhathi eside sesigamu sayo sesibili. Izinqubo emphakathini ezenzeka ngaphambi kwekhulu leminyaka, manje zenzeka ngaphambi kwesizukulwane esisodwa. Imikhiqizo, imithi, ezokwezomnotho, izincwadi, umphakathi uqobo uthuthukile ngokushesha. Lapha futhi kwakukhona umdwebo owubuciko.

Happy Birthday! Ukucindezela ekudwebeni: ukudweba

Impressionism emidwebeni, njengemidwebo, inezihlobo eziqondile zokuzalwa kwayo - ngonyaka we-1863. Futhi ukubonakala kwakhe kwakungekho ngaphandle kwezingcuriosities.

Isikhungo sobuciko bezwe, yiqiniso, saseParis. Ngonyaka wonke wabamba ama-salon amakhulu eParis - imibukiso yezwe kanye nokudayiswa kwemidwebo. Ijaji, elikhethiwe lisebenzela ama-salons, lalinconywa ezinkundleni ezincane zangaphakathi, izinhlanga ezingenalutho futhi zihloswe ngokumelene nezintandokazi ezithandwayo zalezi zikole. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mbukiso awuzange ufake abaculi abasha, abaqhakazile salon, abanethalente labo engahambisani nemfundiso eqinile yezemfundo. Phakathi nokukhethwa kwembukiso ngo-1863, izicelo ezingaphezulu kwezingu-60% zinqatshiwe. Lezi yizinkulungwane zabadwebi. Ihlazo laliphuza.

Umnikazi we-Emperor-gallery

Futhi ukukhwabanisa kwaqhamuka. Ukungeke kwenzeke ukuboniswa kwakunqatshelwe izindlela zokuhlala futhi kuvinjelwe ukufinyelela kuzethameli eziningi ngenxa yabaculi abaningi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona amagama aziwa manje emhlabeni wonke: Monet noManet, Renoir noPissarro.

Kusobala ukuthi lokhu akuhambisani nabo. Futhi kwakukhona umsindo omkhulu kumaphephandaba. Kwaze kwafika ukuthi ngo-Ephreli 20, 1893, i-Paris Salon yavakashelwa nguNapoleon III futhi, ngaphandle kokuchazwa, ngenhloso yokuhlola ingxenye yemisebenzi enqatshiwe. Futhi angizange ngithole lutho olungenacala kubo. Futhi waze wenza le nkulumo kumaphephandaba. Ngakho-ke, ngokufanayo neParis Salon enkulu, omunye umbukiso wemidwebo uvuliwe ngemisebenzi enqatshelwe yijaji le-salon. Emlandweni, wangena ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Isiboniso selahlwe".

Ngakho, ngo-Ephreli 20, 1863 kungathathwa njengosuku lokuzalwa kwalo lonke ubuciko besimanje. Ubuciko, obuye bazimele ezibhaliwe, umculo kanye nenkolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho: ukudweba ngokwayo kwaqala ukubeka amagama abo kubalobi nabaqambi, kuqala ukuqeda izindima ezingaphansi.

Abameli be-impressionism

Uma sikhuluma ngokucabangela, sisho ukuthi, okokuqala, okuyiyona ndlela, ukucabanga ngendlela yokudweba. Abamele bayo baningi futhi baningi. Kunelungelo lokuthi ludume kakhulu: iDegas, i-Renoir, i-Manet, i-Monet, iPissarro, i-Cezanne, i-Morisot, i-Lepic, i-Legros, i-Gauguin, i-Renoir, i-Tilo, i-Foren kanye nezinye eziningi. Ama-impressionist okokuqala abeka umsebenzi wokubamba isithombe esicacile sokuphila, kodwa ukuhlwitha umuzwa, imizwelo, isipiliyoni sangaphakathi. Kwakuyisikhathi esifushane, isithombe esisheshayo sezwe langaphakathi, ngokomzwelo.

Ngakho-ke umehluko omusha nemibala, kuze kube manje awusetshenzisiwe ekudwebeni. Ngakho-ke, imivimbo emikhulu, ehlabayo kanye nokusesha okuqhubekayo kwamafomu amasha. Akukho ukufaneleka nokucacile. Isithombe sinembile futhi siphuthumayo njengomuntu womzwelo. Lokhu akuwona umlando. Lezi imizwa ibonakala emehlweni. Bheka imidwebo ye-Impressionists. Zonke zichotshwe phakathi komusho, kancane kancane. Lezi akuzona izithombe. Lezi yizithombe, ezilethwe ekupheleleni okuhlakaniphile.

Ukuvela kwe-post-impressionism

Kwakuyisifiso sokuveza umuzwa, hhayi isiqeshana sesikhashana esithintekile, futhi kwakuyisikhathi sokuguquguquka, okusha. Futhi-ke kwakukhona isinyathelo esisodwa kuphela sokuthumela-ukuphrinta - ukugeleza kobuciko, obulethe indima yokuqala hhayi imizwelo, kepha amaphethini. Ngokuqondile, ukudluliswa komculi weqiniso lakhe langaphakathi, lomuntu siqu. Lo umzamo wokutshela hhayi ngezwe langaphandle, kodwa mayelana nendlela yangaphakathi yokuthi umculi ubona kanjani umhlaba. Lona umdwebo wokubona.

Ukucindezela nokuphinda kuvezwe ngomqondo wokudweba kuseduze kakhulu. Futhi ukuhlukana kakhulu kunemibandela. Zombili izimbali ziseduze ngesikhathi, futhi abalobi ngokwabo, ngokuvamile abafanayo, njengombuso, bashintsha kusukela kolunye uhlobo kuya komunye ngokukhululekile.

Futhi nokho. Bheka imisebenzi yama-Impressionists. Umbala omncane ongokwemvelo. Umhlaba, ojwayele kithi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukhohlisa okuncane. Yile ndlela umculi abone ngayo. Akasinikezi isimo esimanje kuye. Usikhombisa nje umphefumulo wakhe kancane. Umphefumulo weBonnard noTououse-Lautrec. UVan Gogh noDenis. I-Gauguin neSulfure.

Impressionism yaseRashiya

Okuhlangenwe nakho kobuciko, okwabamba umhlaba wonke, akushiyanga eRussia eceleni. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ezweni lakithi, ejwayele ukuphila okulinganiselwe, hhayi ukuqonda ingxabano nesifiso seParis, Impressionism futhi ayikwazanga ukuqeda ukufunda. Ufana nenyoni, i-rvanuvshaya ekuphumeni, kodwa iqhwa phakathi kwendlela eya esibhakabhakeni.

Ukuvezwa kwemidwebo emidwebo waseRussia akuzange kutholwe ukuguquguquka kwesibhamu saseFrance. Kodwa wathola i-semantic egqoke kahle, eyamenza waba yinto ekhanyayo, ehlukile kunezobuciko emhlabeni.

Impressionism ingumzwelo ovezwe ngesimo sesithombe. Akazikhulisi, akadingi. Uthi.

Impressionism yasebenza njengengxenye yokuqala yesimanje kanye nokukhuluma, i-constructivism ne-avant-garde. Yonke ubuciko besimanje, eqinisweni, yaqala umbiko wayo kusukela ngo-Ephreli 20, 1863 obude. Ukudweba ku-Impressionism kuyinto yobuciko ezalwa eParis.